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(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Wangliang (Wangliang, a mythical water spirit) is also written as "Wangliang" (Wangliang, a mountain spirit), or "Fangliang" (Fangliang, a demon). The *Rites of Zhou* records that the Fangxiangshi (Officer who Exorcises Evil Spirits) holds a halberd and enters the tomb to drive away Fangliang; this refers to it. Wangliang likes to eat the liver of the deceased, hence it must be driven away. Its nature fears tigers and cypress trees, therefore stone tigers are erected on tombs and cypress trees are planted. The *Guoyu* states: "The monsters of wood and stone are Kui and Wangliang; the monsters of water and stone are Long (Dragon) and Wangxiang." This refers to these. The *Shuyou Ji* states: "During the Qin dynasty, a hunter from Chencang caught a beast resembling both a pig and a sheep. Two children appeared and said: 'This is named Fushu, also known as [Name Missing], which lives underground eating the brains of the dead. It dies if a cypress branch is inserted into its head.' This is Wangliang. Although it has no relation to medicinal herbs, it concerns the deceased, so it is recorded. The Fangxiangshi has four eyes; those with two eyes are [Name Missing]. These are all ghostly entities, and ancients created human effigies to represent them. In the past, Fei Changfang knew that Li E's pill used the brain of the Fangxiangshi; thus, such substances were also used in exorcism prescriptions, but the method has been lost."

(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: According to the *Baize Tu*, "The essence of trees is called Penghou (Penghou, a tree spirit), shaped like a black dog, without a tail, which can be cooked and eaten. The essence of thousand-year-old trees is called Jia [Name Missing], shaped like a piglet; eating it tastes like dog meat." The *Soushen Ji* states: "During the Wu period, Jingshu chopped down a large camphor tree, and blood flowed out. Inside was an object with a human face and a dog's body. Jingshu said: 'This is named Penghou.' He then cooked and ate it, and it tasted like dog meat."
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet and sour, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Eating it wards off evil spirits and strengthens one's willpower (*Baize Tu*).

(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Consulting Jiang Linji's *Zazhi*, "Xu Ji found a child by the river in Luzhou, with no fingers and no blood on his hands. Fearing it, he buried it. This is what the *Baize Tu* calls Feng (Feng, a type of earth spirit); consuming it increases strength." Tian Yucheng's *Xihu Zhi* states: "Dong Biaoyi demolished a house and dug up the soil, finding a piece of flesh. A sorcerer said: 'This is Taisui (Tai Sui, the God of Age).' Discarding it causes no harm." Additionally, the *Shanhai Jing* mentions Wuyu Mountain, as well as south, north, and southeast of the sea outside Kaiming, where there is "Shiru" (Shiru, View Meat). Guo Pu commented: "It is clustered flesh shaped like ox liver, with two eyes. Eating it does not deplete it; it regenerates to its original state immediately." These are all edible items of the Feng category, though people are unaware of them. Furthermore, there is a type of earth-flesh in the sea, jet black, five inches long, as thick as a child's arm, with a belly but no mouth or eyes, possessing thirty legs, which can be roasted and eaten. This belongs to the categories of insects and fish, similar to Feng.