（原禽类二十三种）
（《本经》上品）
【释名】烛夜。
时珍曰∶按徐铉云∶鸡者稽也，能稽时也。《广志》云∶大者，曰蜀；小者，曰荆。其
雏曰 。《梵书》曰∶曰鸠七 。
【集解】《别录》曰∶鸡生朝鲜平泽。
弘景曰∶鸡属甚多。朝鲜乃在玄菟、乐浪，不应总是鸡所出也。
马志曰∶入药取朝鲜者，良尔。
时珍曰∶鸡类甚多，五方所产，大小形色往往亦异。朝鲜一种长尾鸡，尾长三四尺。
辽阳一种食鸡，一种角鸡，味俱肥美，大胜诸鸡。南越一种长鸣鸡，昼夜啼叫。南海一种石
鸡，潮至即鸣。蜀中一种 鸡，楚中一种伧鸡，并高三四尺。江南一种矮鸡，脚才二寸许
也。鸡在卦属巽，在星应昴，无外肾而亏小肠。凡人家无故群鸡夜鸣者，谓之荒鸡，主不祥
。若黄昏独啼者，主有天恩，谓之盗啼。老鸡能人言者，牝鸡雄鸣者，雄鸡生卵者，并杀之
即已。俚人畜鸡无雄，即以鸡卵告灶而伏出之。南人以鸡卵画墨，煮熟验其黄，以卜凶吉。
又以鸡骨占年。其鸣也知时刻，其栖也知阴晴。《太清外术》言∶蓄蛊之家，鸡辄飞去。《
万毕术》言∶其羽焚之，可以致风。《五行志》言∶雄鸡毛烧着酒中饮之，所求必得。古人
言鸡能辟邪，则鸡亦灵禽也。不独充庖而已。
诸鸡肉
【气味】食忌 诜曰∶鸡有五色者，玄鸡白首者，六指者，四距者，鸡死足不伸者，并
不可食，害人。时珍曰∶《延寿书》云∶阉鸡能啼者有毒。四月勿食抱鸡肉，令人作痈成漏，
男女虚乏。弘景曰∶小儿五岁以下食鸡生蛔虫。鸡肉不可合葫蒜、芥、李食，不可合犬肝、
犬肾食，并令人泄痢。同兔食成痢，同鱼汁食成心瘕，同鲤鱼食成痈疖，同獭肉食成遁尸，
同生葱食成虫痔，同糯米食生蛔虫。
【发明】宗 曰∶巽为风为鸡。鸡鸣于五更者，日将至巽位，感动其气而然也。今有风
病患食之，无不发作。巽为鸡，信可验矣。
震亨曰∶鸡属土而有金、木、火，又属巽，能助肝火。寇言动风者，习俗所移也。鸡性
补，能助湿中之火。病邪得之，为有助也。若鱼肉之类皆然。且西北多寒，中风者诚有之。
东南气温多湿，有风病者非风也，皆湿生痰，痰生热，热生风耳。时珍曰∶《礼记》云∶天
产作阳，地产作阴。鸡卵生而地产，羽不能飞，虽为阳精，实属风木，是阳中之阴也。故能
生热动风，风火相扇，乃成中风。朱驳寇说为非，亦非矣。颂曰∶鸡肉虽有小毒，而补虚羸
是要，故食治方多用之。
丹雄鸡肉
【气味】甘，微温，无毒。扁鹊曰∶辛。
【主治】女人崩中漏下，赤白沃。
通神，杀恶毒，辟不祥。补虚温中止血。（本经）能愈久伤乏疮不瘥者。（《别录》）补肺
（孙思邈）。
【发明】普曰∶丹雄鸡一名载丹。宗 曰∶即赤鸡也。时珍曰∶鸡虽属木，分而配之，
则丹雄鸡得离火阳明之象，白雄鸡得庚金太白之象，故辟邪恶者宜之；乌雄鸡属木，乌雌鸡
属水，故胎产宜之；黄雌鸡属土，故脾胃宜之；而乌骨者，又得水木之精气，故虚热者宜之，
各从其类也。吴球云∶三年 鸡，常食治虚损，养血补气。
【附方】新二。辟禳瘟疫∶冬至日取赤雄鸡作腊，至立春日煮食至尽，勿分他人。（《肘
后方》）百虫入耳∶鸡肉炙香，塞耳中引出。（《总录》）
白雄鸡肉
【气味】酸，微温，无毒。藏器曰∶甘，寒。
【主治】下气，疗狂邪，安五脏，伤中消渴（《别录》）。调中除邪，利小便，去丹毒（《日
华》）。
【发明】藏器曰∶白雄鸡养三年，能为鬼神所使。时珍曰∶按陶弘景《真诰》云∶学道
山中，宜养白鸡、白犬，可以辟邪。今术家祈禳皆用白鸡，其原本此。是乃异端一说耳，鸡
亦何神何妖哉？
【附方】旧三，新四。
癫邪狂妄∶自贤自圣，行走不休。白雄鸡一只煮，以五味和作羹粥食。（《心镜》）
惊愤邪僻∶治因惊忧怖迫，或激愤惆怅，致志气错越，心行违僻者。白雄鸡一头（治如
食法），真珠四两，薤白四两，水三升，煮二升，尽食之，饮汁令尽。（《肘后》）
卒然心痛∶白鸡一头，治如食法，水三升，煮二升，去鸡，煎取六合，入苦酒六合，真
珠一钱，复煎取六合，纳麝香二豆许，顿服之。（《肘后》）
赤白痢下∶白雄鸡一只，如常作 及馄饨，空心食。（《心镜》）
猝得咳嗽∶白鸡一只。苦酒一斗，煮取三升，分三服，并淡食鸡。（《肘后》）
水气浮肿∶小豆一升，白雄鸡一只，治如食法，以水三斗煮熟食之，饮汁令尽。（《肘
后方》）
肉坏怪病∶凡口鼻出腥臭水，以碗盛之，状如铁色虾鱼走跃，捉之即化为水，此肉坏也。
但多食鸡馔即愈。（夏子益《奇疾方》）
乌雄鸡肉
【气味】甘，微温，无毒。
【主治】补中止痛（《别录》）。止肚痛，心腹恶气，除风湿麻痹，补虚羸，安胎，治折
入肉（《日华》）。
【发明】时珍曰∶按李鹏飞云∶黄鸡宜老人。乌鸡宜产妇，暖血。马益卿云∶妊妇宜
食牡鸡肉，取阳精之全于天产者。此亦胎教宜见虎豹之意耳。又唐崔行功《纂要》云∶妇人
产死，多是富贵家，旁人扰攘，致妇惊悸气乱故耳。惟宜屏除一切人，令其独产，更烂煮牡
鸡取汁，作粳米粥与食，自然无恙，乃和气之效也。盖牡鸡汁性滑而濡。不食其肉，恐难消
也。今俗产家，每产后即食鸡啖卵，气壮者幸而无恙，气弱者因而成疾，皆由不解此意也。
【附方】旧四，新六。
补益虚弱∶诜曰∶虚弱人用乌雄鸡一只治净，五味煮极烂，空腹饱食之。食生即反损人。
或五味淹炙食，亦良。
反胃吐食∶用乌雄鸡一只，治如食法，入胡荽子半斤在腹内，烹食二只愈。老人中风，
烦热语涩∶每用乌雄鸡一只（切），葱白一握，煮 ，下麻子汁、五味，空心食之。（《养
老书》）
香港脚烦懑∶用乌雄鸡一只，治如食法，入米作羹食。（《养老书》）
寒疝绞痛∶用乌雄鸡一头（治如食法），生地黄七斤，同锉，着甑中蒸之，以器盛取汁。
清旦温服，至晚令尽，当下诸寒癖，讫，以白粥食之。久疝不过三服。（《肘后》）
卒得咳嗽∶乌雄鸡一只，治如食法，酒渍半日饮之。（《肘后》）
肾虚耳聋∶乌雄鸡一只治净，以无灰酒三升煮熟，乘热食三五只，效。狐尿刺疮棘人，
肿痛欲死。破乌鸡拓之，良。（《肘后方》）
猫眼睛疮∶身面上疮，似猫儿眼，有光采，无脓血，但痛痒不常，饮食减少，名曰寒疮。
多吃鸡、鱼、葱、韭自愈。（夏子益《奇疾方》）
打伤颠扑及牛马触动，胸腹破陷，四肢摧折∶以乌鸡一只，连毛杵一千二百下，苦酒一
升和匀。以新布拓病处，将膏涂布上。觉寒振欲吐，徐徐取下，须臾再上。一鸡少，则再
以愈为度。（《肘后方》）
黑雌鸡肉
【气味】甘、酸，温、平，无毒。
【主治】作羹食，治风寒湿痹，五缓六急，安胎。（《别录》）。安心定志，除邪辟恶气，
治血邪，破心中宿血，治痈疽，排脓补新血，及产后虚羸，益色助气。（《日华》）
治反胃及腹痛， 折骨痛，乳痈。又新产妇以一只治净，和五味炒香，投二升酒中，封
一宿取饮，令人肥白。又和乌油麻二升熬香末之，入酒中极效。（孟诜）。
【附方】新三。中风舌强不语，目睛不转，烦热∶乌雌鸡一只治净，以酒五升，煮取二
升去滓，分作三次，连服之。食葱姜粥，暖卧，取小汗。（《饮膳正要》）
死胎不下∶乌鸡一只去毛，以水三升，煮二升去鸡。用帛蘸汁摩脐下，自出。（《妇人
良方》）
虚损积劳∶治男女因积虚或大病后，虚损沉困，酸疼盗汗，少气喘 ，或小腹拘急，心
悸胃弱，多卧少起，渐至瘦削。若年深，五脏气竭，则难治也。用乌雌鸡一头，治如食法，
以生地黄一斤（切），饴糖一升，纳腹内缚定，铜器贮，于瓶中蒸五升米熟，取出，食肉饮
汁，勿用盐。一月一作，神效。（姚僧坦方）
黄雌鸡肉
【气味】甘、酸、咸，平，无毒。《日华》曰∶性温。患骨热人勿食。
【主治】伤中消渴，小便数而不禁，肠 泄痢，补益五脏，续绝伤，疗五劳，益气力（
《别录》）。
治劳劣，添髓补精，助阳气，暖小肠，止泄精，补水气（《日华》）。
补丈夫阳气，治冷气瘦着床者，渐渐食之，良。以光粉、诸石末和饭饲鸡，煮食甚补益。
（孟诜）治产后虚羸，煮汁煎药服，佳（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶黄者土色，雌者坤象，味甘归脾，气温益胃，故所治皆脾胃之病也。
丹溪朱氏谓鸡属土者，当指此鸡而发，他鸡不得侔此。
【附方】旧四，新五。
水癖水肿∶诜曰∶腹中水癖水肿。以黄雌鸡一只，如常治净，和赤小豆一升同煮，候豆
烂，即出食之。其汁饮，日二夜一，每服四合。时行黄疾，时行发黄∶用金色脚黄雌鸡治如
食法，煮熟食之，并饮汁令尽，不过再作。亦可少下盐豉。（《肘后方》）
消渴饮水小便数∶以黄雌鸡煮汁冷冻饮料，并作羹食肉。（《心镜》）
下痢噤口∶黄肥雌鸡一只，如常为 ，作湿馄饨，空心食之。（《心镜》）
脾虚滑痢∶用黄雌鸡一只炙，以盐、醋涂，煮熟干燥，空心食之。（《心镜》）
脾胃弱乏人痿黄瘦∶黄雌鸡肉五两，白面七两，切肉作馄饨，下五味煮熟，空心食之。
日一作，益颜色，补脏腑。（《寿亲》）
产后虚羸∶黄雌鸡一只，去毛及肠肚，背上开破，入生百合三枚，白粳米半升，缝合，
入五味汁中煮熟，开腹取百合并饭，和汁作羹食之，并食肉。（《圣济》）
病后虚汗∶伤寒后虚弱，日夜汗出不止，口干心躁。用黄雌鸡一只（去肠胃，治净），
麻
黄根一两，水七大盏，煮汁三大盏，去滓及鸡，入肉苁蓉（酒浸一宿，刮净）一两，牡蛎（ ）
粉二两，煎取一盏半，分为三服一日服尽。（《圣惠》）
老人噎食不通∶黄雌鸡肉四两（切），茯苓末二两，白面六两，作馄饨，入豉汁煮食，
三五服效。（《养老书》）
乌骨鸡
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】补虚劳羸弱，治消渴，中恶鬼击心腹痛，益产妇，治女人崩中带下，一切虚损
诸病，大人小儿下痢噤口，并煮食饮汁，亦可捣和丸药（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶乌骨鸡，有白毛乌骨者、黑毛乌骨者，斑毛乌骨者，有骨肉俱乌者；
肉白骨乌者。但观鸡舌黑者，则肉骨俱乌，入药更良。鸡属木，而骨反乌者，巽变坎也，受
水木之精气，故肝肾血分之病宜用之。男用雌，女用雄。妇人方科有乌鸡丸，治妇人百病，
煮鸡至烂和药，或并骨研用之。按《太平御览》云∶夏侯弘行江陵，逢一大鬼引小鬼数百
行。弘潜捉末后一小鬼问之。曰∶此广州大杀也，持弓戟往荆、扬二州杀人。若中心腹者死
，余处犹可救。弘曰∶治之有方乎？曰∶但杀白乌骨鸡薄心即瘥。时荆、扬病心腹者甚众，
弘用此治之，十愈八九。中恶用乌鸡，自弘始也。此说虽涉迂怪，然其方则神妙，谓非神
传不可也。鬼击猝死，用其血涂心下，亦效。
【附方】新三。赤白带下∶白果、莲肉、江米各五钱，胡椒一钱，为末。乌骨鸡一只，
如常治净，装末入腹煮熟，空心食之。遗精白浊下元虚惫者∶用前方食之良。
脾虚滑泄∶乌骨母鸡一只治净，用豆蔻一两，草果二枚，烧存性，掺入鸡腹内，扎定
煮
反毛鸡
【主治】反胃。以一只煮烂，去骨，入人参、当归、食盐各半两，再同煮烂，
（时珍。出《乾坤生意》）。
【发明】时珍曰∶反毛鸡，即翻翅鸡也，毛翮皆反生向前。治反胃者，述类之义耳。
泰和老鸡
【气味】甘、辛，热，无毒。
【主治】内托小儿痘疮（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶江西泰和、吉水诸县，俗传老鸡能发痘疮，家家畜之，近则五六年，
远则一二十年。待痘疮发时，以五味煮烂，与儿食之，甚则加胡椒及桂、附之属。此亦陈文
中治痘用木香、异功散之意，取其能助湿热发脓也。风土有宜不宜，不可以为法。
鸡头（丹、白雄鸡者良）
【主治】杀鬼，东门上者尤良（《本经》）。治蛊，禳恶，辟瘟（时珍）。
【发明】时珍曰∶古者正旦，磔雄鸡，祭门户，以辟邪鬼。盖鸡乃阳精，雄者阳之
体，头者阳之会，东门者阳之方，以纯阳胜纯阴之义也。《千金》转女成男方中用之，亦取
此义也。按应劭《风俗通》云∶俗以鸡祀祭门户。鸡乃东方之牲，东方既作，万物触户而出
也。《山海经》祠鬼神皆用雄鸡，而今治贼风有鸡头散，治蛊用东门鸡头，治鬼痱用雄鸡血，
皆
凡祭祀禳舋，供其鸡牲。注云∶禳郊及疆，却灾变也。作宫室器物，取血涂舋隙。《淮南子
》曰∶鸡头已 ，此类之推也。
【附方】新一。猝魇死昏∶东门上鸡头为末，酒服之。（《千金方》）
鸡冠血（三年雄鸡者良）。
【气味】咸，平，无毒。
【主治】乌鸡者，主乳难（《别录》）。
[Original Avian Category: Twenty-Three Species]
(Listed as Superior Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing* / Classic of Materia Medica)
【Names】Zhu Ye (Candle Night).
Li Shizhen says: According to Xu Xuan, "Ji" (Chicken) is derived from "Ji" (Inspect/Check), capable of inspecting the time. *Guang Zhi* records: The large ones are called Shu Ji; the small ones are called Jing Ji. Their chicks are called Gou. *Fan Shu* says: They are called Jiu Qi.
【Collection and Explanation】*Bie Lu* (Record of Distinctive Records) states: Chickens originate from the plains and marshes of Chaoxian (Korea).
Tao Hongjing says: There are many types of chickens. Chaoxian is located in Xuantu and Lelang commanderies; it should not be that all chickens come from there.
Ma Zhi says: For medicinal use, those from Chaoxian are indeed superior.
Li Shizhen says: There are many varieties of chickens; those produced in different regions often differ in size and color. In Chaoxian, there is a long-tailed chicken with a tail three to four chi long. In Liaoyang, there is a Shi Ji (Food Chicken) and a Jiao Ji (Horned Chicken), both with rich and delicious flavors, surpassing other chickens. In Nan Yue, there is a Chang Ming Ji (Long-Crowing Chicken) that crows day and night. In Nan Hai, there is a Shi Ji (Stone Chicken) that crows when the tide comes. In Shu, there is a [missing character] Ji; in Chu, there is a Cang Ji, both standing three to four chi tall. In Jiangnan, there is a short-legged chicken with feet only about two cun long. In the Bagua (Eight Trigrams), the chicken corresponds to the Xun trigram; in the constellations, it corresponds to Mao; it lacks external kidneys but has deficient Small Intestine function. Whenever household chickens crow at night without cause, it is called Huang Ji (Desolate Chicken), indicating bad omens. If a single chicken crows at dusk, it indicates heavenly grace, called Dao Ti (Stealing Cry). Old chickens that can speak like humans, hens that crow like roosters, and roosters that lay eggs should all be killed to stop these phenomena. Folklore says that if people keep hens without roosters, they pray to the Kitchen God with an egg to hatch them. Southerners draw ink on eggs, boil them, and examine the yolk to divinate fortune. They also use chicken bones to predict the harvest. Crowing allows them to know the time; perching allows them to predict weather. *Taiqing Waishu* states: In households raising Gu poison, chickens will fly away. *Wanbi Shu* states: Burning chicken feathers can summon wind. *Wuxing Zhi* states: Burning male chicken feathers into wine and drinking it ensures success in requests. Ancients said chickens can ward off evil spirits; thus, chickens are spiritual birds. They are not merely for culinary purposes.
Various Chicken Meats
【Flavor and Properties】Meng Shen says: Chickens with five colors, black bodies with white heads, six toes, four spurs, or stiff legs after death, should not be eaten as they harm humans. Li Shizhen says: *Yanshou Shu* states: Capons that crow are toxic. Do not eat incubating hen meat in the fourth month, as it causes carbuncles and fistulas, leading to deficiency and weakness in men and women. Tao Hongjing says: Children under five years old who eat chicken develop roundworms. Chicken meat should not be eaten with garlic, mustard, or plums, nor with dog liver or dog kidney, as all cause diarrhea and dysentery. Eating it with rabbit meat causes dysentery; with fish juice, it causes Heart Jian (mass); with carp, it causes abscesses; with otter meat, it causes Dun Shi (fleeing corpse disease); with raw green onions, it causes worm hemorrhoids; with glutinous rice, it generates roundworms.
【Elucidation】Chen Cangqi says: Xun represents Wind and Chicken. When chickens crow at the fifth watch, the sun is approaching the Xun position, stimulating their Qi. Patients with Wind diseases who consume it invariably suffer flare-ups. The correspondence between Xun and Chicken is verifiable.
Zhu Zhenheng says: Chicken belongs to Earth but contains Metal, Wood, and Fire attributes, and corresponds to the Xun trigram, thereby assisting Liver Fire. Kou Zongshi's claim that it induces Wind is due to custom changes. Chicken nature is tonifying and assists Fire within Dampness. Pathogenic factors benefit from this assistance. Fish and meat are similar. The Northwest is cold, so Stroke (Zhong Feng) does occur there. The Southeast is warm and damp; Wind diseases there are not caused by Wind but by Dampness generating Phlegm, Phlegm generating Heat, and Heat generating Wind. Li Shizhen says: *Liji* states: Products of Heaven are Yang, products of Earth are Yin. Chicken eggs are born internally but laid on Earth; though feathers cannot fly, representing Yang Essence, they actually belong to Wind-Wood, making them Yin within Yang. Thus, they generate Heat and induce Wind; Wind and Fire fanning each other result in Stroke. Zhu Danxi's refutation of Kou Zongshi is also incorrect. Su Song says: Although chicken meat has slight toxicity, its ability to tonify deficiency and emaciation is primary, hence widely used in dietary therapy formulas.
Dan Xiong Ji Meat (Red Rooster Meat)
【Flavor and Properties】Sweet, slightly warm, non-toxic. Bian Que says: Pungent.
【Indications】Metrorrhagia and metrorrhaxis in women, red and white leukorrhea (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Enhances spirit, kills severe toxins, wards off misfortune. Tonifies deficiency, warms the middle, stops bleeding (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Heals chronic wounds and ulcers that fail to heal (*Bie Lu*). Tonifies Lung (Sun Simiao).
【Elucidation】Lei Xiao says: Dan Xiong Ji is also called Zai Dan. Chen Cangqi says: It is the Red Chicken. Li Shizhen says: Although Chicken belongs to Wood, when analyzed and matched, the Dan Xiong Ji obtains the image of Li Fire and Yangming; the Bai Xiong Ji obtains the image of Geng Metal and Tai Bai. Therefore, those warding off evil should use it. Wu Xiong Ji belongs to Wood, Wu Ci Ji belongs to Water, so they are suitable for pregnancy and childbirth. Huang Ci Ji belongs to Earth, so it suits the Spleen and Stomach. Those with black bones receive the essence of Water and Wood, so they suit Deficiency-Heat. Each follows its category. Wu Qiu says: [Missing character] chickens aged three years, consumed regularly, treat deficiency damage, nourish blood, and tonify Qi.
【Attached Formulas】Two new formulas. Warding off Plague: On Winter Solstice, take a red rooster, make it into cured meat, and boil/eat it completely on Start of Spring, do not share with others (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*). Hundred insects entering ear: Roast chicken meat until fragrant, stuff into ear to extract insect (*Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang* Zonglu).
Bai Xiong Ji Meat (White Rooster Meat)
【Flavor and Properties】Sour, slightly warm, non-toxic. Cangqi says: Sweet, cold.
【Indications】Descends Qi, treats mania, calms the Five Viscera, treats Middle Injury and Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) (*Bie Lu*). Regulates middle, removes evil, promotes urination, removes Dan Du (*Rihua Bencao*).
【Elucidation】Cangqi says: A white rooster raised for three years can be commanded by ghosts and gods. Li Shizhen says: According to Tao Hongjing's *Zhen Gao*: Those studying Dao in mountains should raise white chickens and white dogs to ward off evil. Modern practitioners use white chickens for exorcism, originating from here. This is a heterodox view; what god or demon is in a chicken?
【Attached Formulas】Three old formulas, four new formulas.
Mania and madness: Self-righteous, walking incessantly. Boil one white rooster, make into soup/congee with five flavors, eat (*Qianjin Yi Fang* Xinjing).
Startled anger and perversity: Treats cases where shock, fear, or indignation causes mental confusion and deviant behavior. One white rooster (prepared for eating), 4 liang Zhenzhu (Pearl), 4 liang Xiebai (Welsh Onion Bulb), 3 sheng water, boil to 2 sheng, eat all, drink broth (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
Sudden heart pain: One white chicken (prepared for eating), 3 sheng water, boil to 2 sheng, remove chicken, decoct to 6 he, add 6 he Kujiu (Vinegar), 1 qian Zhenzhu (Pearl), decoct again to 6 he, add 2 douxu Moxiang (Musk), take in one dose (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
Red and white dysentery: One white rooster, prepare as usual for [missing character] and wontons, eat on empty stomach (*Qianjin Yi Fang* Xinjing).
Sudden cough: One white chicken. 1 dou Kujiu (Vinegar), boil to 3 sheng, divide into three doses, eat chicken lightly (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
Edema due to Water Qi: 1 sheng Adzuki beans, one white rooster (prepared for eating), cook in 3 dou water, eat meat, drink broth (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
Flesh Decay Strange Disease: Foul-smelling water from mouth/nose, resembling iron-colored shrimp/fish jumping, turning to water when touched. This is Flesh Decay. Eat more chicken dishes to cure. (Xia Zi Yi *Qi Ji Fang*)
Wu Xiong Ji Meat (Black Rooster Meat)
【Flavor and Properties】Sweet, slightly warm, non-toxic.
【Indications】Tonifies middle, stops pain (*Bie Lu*). Stops abdominal pain, removes malignant Qi from heart/abdomen, dispels Wind-Damp numbness, tonifies deficiency/emaciation, calms fetus, treats fractures penetrating flesh (*Rihua Bencao*).
【Elucidation】Li Shizhen says: According to Li Pengfei: Yellow chickens suit the elderly. Black chickens suit postpartum women, warming blood. Ma Yiqing says: Pregnant women should eat male chicken meat, taking the complete Yang essence from Heavenly products. This aligns with the idea of fetal education seeing tigers/leopards. Cui Xinggong's *Zuanyao* states: Female deaths in childbirth often occur in wealthy families due to disturbance causing fright and Qi chaos. Isolate her, let her give birth alone, then boil male chicken for juice to make millet porridge. This harmonizes Qi. Male chicken juice is slippery/moist. Not eating the meat might be hard to digest. Folk custom eats chicken/eggs immediately postpartum; strong Qi survives, weak Qi gets sick, due to ignorance.
【Attached Formulas】Four old formulas, six new formulas.
Tonifying deficiency: Meng Shen says: Clean one black rooster, boil thoroughly with five flavors, eat full on empty stomach. Raw consumption harms. Or marinate/grill with five flavors.
Regurgitation/vomiting: One black rooster (prepared for eating), put 8 liang Huixizi (Coriander seeds) inside abdomen, cook/eat two chickens to cure.
Elderly Stroke, irritability, slurred speech: One black rooster (chopped), one handful Congbai (Green Onion White), boil [missing character], add Sesame juice and five flavors, eat on empty stomach (*Yanglao Fengqin Shu*).
Hong Kong Foot (Gout/Beriberi) with irritability: One black rooster (prepared for eating), add rice to make soup (*Yanglao Fengqin Shu*).
Cold Hernia colic: One black rooster (prepared for eating), 7 jin Shengdihuang (Rehmannia Root), chop together, steam in steamer, collect juice. Warm drink in morning, finish by evening, expels Cold accumulation. Eat white congee after. Chronic hernia needs no more than three doses (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
Sudden cough: One black rooster (prepared for eating), soak in wine for half a day, drink (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
Kidney Deficiency deafness: Clean one black rooster, cook in 3 sheng Wuhuijiu (Pure Wine), eat hot, 3-5 chickens effective. Fox urine sting wound, swelling/pain: Break black chicken, apply externally (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
Cat Eye Ulcer: Ulcer on body like cat eye, shiny, no pus/blood, intermittent pain/itch, reduced appetite, named Cold Ulcer. Eat more chicken, fish, green onion, leek to self-heal. (Xia Zi Yi *Qi Ji Fang*)
Trauma/Falls/Cattle kicks, chest/abdomen collapse, limb fractures: One black chicken, pound with fur 1200 times, mix with 1 sheng Kujiu (Vinegar). Apply fresh cloth to injury, spread ointment on cloth. If feeling cold/shivering/nausea, remove slowly, reapply shortly. If one chicken insufficient, repeat until healed (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
Hei Ci Ji Meat (Black Hen Meat)
【Flavor and Properties】Sweet, sour, warm, neutral, non-toxic.
【Indications】Make into soup to treat Wind-Cold-Damp Bi, Five Sluggishness and Six Urgency, calm fetus (*Bie Lu*). Calm mind/spirit, remove evil, treat Blood Evil, break stagnant blood in heart, treat carbuncles, drain pus, replenish new blood, treat postpartum deficiency, improve complexion, assist Qi (*Rihua Bencao*).
Treat regurgitation, abdominal pain, [missing character] fracture bone pain, mastitis. New mothers: Clean one chicken, stir-fry with five flavors until fragrant, pour into 2 sheng wine, seal overnight, drink to gain weight/whiteness. Also mix with 2 sheng black sesame, roast/grind, add to wine, very effective. (Meng Shen).
【Attached Formulas】Three new formulas. Stroke with stiff tongue/speechlessness, fixed eyes, irritability: Clean one black hen, 5 sheng wine, boil to 2 sheng, strain, divide into three doses, continuous服用. Eat green onion/ginger congee, keep warm, induce slight sweat (*Yinshan Zhengyao*).
Retained dead fetus: Remove feathers from black chicken, 3 sheng water, boil to 2 sheng, remove chicken. Dip cloth in juice, rub below navel, fetus exits naturally (*Fu Ren Da Quan Liang Fang*).
Deficiency accumulation fatigue: Treats men/women with chronic deficiency or post-illness weakness, heavy limbs, soreness, night sweats, shortness of breath, lower abdominal tension, palpitations, weak stomach, sleeping much/rising little, wasting away. If long-term, Five Viscera Qi exhausted, difficult to treat. Use one black hen (prepared for eating), 1 jin Shengdihuang (Rehmannia Root, chopped), 1 sheng Yitang (Malt Sugar), tie inside abdomen, store in copper vessel, steam with 5 sheng rice until cooked. Eat meat/drink broth, no salt. Once a month, miraculous effect. (Yao Sengtan Formula)
Huang Ci Ji Meat (Yellow Hen Meat)
【Flavor and Properties】Sweet, sour, salty, neutral, non-toxic. *Rihua Bencao* says: Warm nature. Do not eat for Bone Heat patients.
【Indications】Middle Injury Xiao Ke, frequent/incontinent urination, intestinal [missing character] dysentery, tonifies Five Viscera, heals severance/injury, treats Five Labors, boosts Qi/strength (*Bie Lu*).
Treats labor weakness, adds marrow/nourishes essence, assists Yang Qi, warms Small Intestine, stops seminal emission, supplements Water Qi (*Rihua Bencao*).
Tonifies husband's Yang Qi, treats cold Qi emaciation bedridden patients, eat gradually, good. Feed chicken rice mixed with Guangfen (Light Powder) and stone powders, boil/eat, very tonifying. (Meng Shen) Treats postpartum deficiency, decoct juice to mix with medicine, good. (Li Shizhen).
【Elucidation】Li Shizhen says: Yellow is Earth color, female is Kun image, sweet flavor enters Spleen, warm temperature benefits Stomach, so indications are all Spleen/Stomach diseases. Zhu Danxi said chickens belonging to Earth refer to this chicken specifically, others cannot compare.
【Attached Formulas】Four old formulas, five new formulas.
Water accumulation edema: Meng Shen says: Abdominal water accumulation. One yellow hen (cleaned), cook with 1 sheng Adzuki beans until soft, eat beans, drink broth twice day/once night, 4 he per dose.
Epidemic Jaundice: Golden-footed yellow hen (prepared for eating), boil/eat, drink broth, max two doses. Can add少许 salted beans. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*)
Wasting-Thirst drinking/frequent urination: Decoct yellow hen, cool juice to drink, make soup/meat. (*Qianjin Yi Fang* Xinjing)
Dysentery with inability to eat: Fat yellow hen, make [missing character], wet wontons, eat on empty stomach. (*Qianjin Yi Fang* Xinjing)
Spleen Deficiency loose stools: Roast one yellow hen, coat with salt/vinegar, boil dry, eat on empty stomach. (*Qianjin Yi Fang* Xinjing)
Spleen/Stomach weak, sallow emaciation: 5 liang yellow hen meat, 7 liang white flour, make wontons, cook with five flavors, eat on empty stomach. Once daily, improves complexion, tonifies viscera. (*Shou Qin Lao Neng Shu*)
Postpartum deficiency: One yellow hen, remove feathers/organs, cut back open, insert 3 raw Lilies, 0.5 sheng white millet, sew shut, cook in five-flavor juice. Open, eat lilies/rice, make soup, eat meat. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
Post-illness spontaneous sweating: Post-typhoid weakness, day/night sweating, dry mouth/restless heart. One yellow hen (cleaned), 1 liang Mahuanggen (Ephedra Root), 7 da zhan water, boil to 3 da zhan, strain/remove chicken, add 1 liang Rousongrong (Cistanche, wine-soaked/scraped), 2 liang Muli (Oyster Shell) powder, decoct to 1.5 zhan, divide into three doses, finish in one day. (*Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang*)
Elderly Dysphagia: 4 liang yellow hen meat (chopped), 2 liang Fuling (Poria) powder, 6 liang white flour, make wontons, cook in bean paste juice, 3-5 doses effective. (*Yanglao Fengqin Shu*)
Wu Gu Ji (Silkie Chicken)
【Flavor and Properties】Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
【Indications】Tonifies deficiency/emaciation, treats Xiao Ke, Zhong E (Sudden Evil) ghost-strike heart/abdominal pain, benefits产妇, treats women's metrorrhagia/leukorrhea, all deficiency diseases, adult/child dysentery with inability to eat. Boil/eat/drink juice, or grind into pills. (Li Shizhen).
【Elucidation】Li Shizhen says: Silkie chickens have white/black/spotted feathers with black bones, or black flesh/white bones. Observe black tongue indicates black flesh/bones, better for medicine. Chicken belongs to Wood, but bones are black (Xun changing to Kan), receiving Water/Wood essence, so suitable for Liver/Kidney Blood disorders. Men use female, women use male. Women's formulas have Wu Ji Wan for hundred diseases, boil chicken to mush mix with herbs, or grind bone. *Taiping Yulan* records: Xiahou Hong traveled Jiangling, met big ghost leading hundreds of small ghosts. Asked last small ghost: This is Guangzhou mass killing, carrying bows/spears to Jing/Yang zones. Center hit dies, others saveable. Hong asked for method: Kill white silkie chicken, apply to heart, recover. Many died in Jing/Yang, Hong used this, 80-90% recovered. Using black chicken for Zhong E started with Hong. Though strange, formula is miraculous, likely divine transmission. Ghost strike sudden death: Apply blood to heart area, effective.
【Attached Formulas】Three new formulas. Red/White Leukorrhea: 5 qian Baiguo (Ginkgo), 5 qian Lianrou (Lotus Seed), 5 qian Jiangmi (Glutinous Rice), 1 qian Hu jiao (Pepper), powder. One silkie chicken (cleaned), pack powder inside, boil, eat on empty stomach. Nocturnal emission/white turbidity deficiency: Use above formula.
Spleen Deficiency loose stool: Clean one silkie hen, 1 liang Doukou (Cardamom), 2 Caoguo (Black Cardamom), burn to retain nature, sprinkle inside chicken, tie, boil [missing character].
Fan Mao Ji (Reverse Feather Chicken)
【Indications】Regurgitation. Boil one until soft, remove bone, add 0.5 liang Renshen (Ginseng), Danggui (Angelica), Yan (Salt), boil soft. (Li Shizhen, from *Qiankun Shengyi*).
【Elucidation】Li Shizhen says: Fan Mao Ji is Flip-Wing Chicken, feathers grow backward. Treating regurgitation follows the principle of similarity.
Taihe Old Chicken
【Flavor and Properties】Sweet, pungent, hot, non-toxic.
【Indications】Internal support for infantile smallpox (Li Shizhen).
【Elucidation】Li Shizhen says: In Taihe/Jishui counties, Jiangxi, folklore says old chicken induces smallpox eruption, kept by families for 5-20 years. When smallpox erupts, boil with five flavors, feed child, sometimes add pepper/Cinnamon/Aconite. This follows Chen Wenzhong's use of Muxiang/Yigong San for smallpox, to assist Damp-Heat to suppurate. Local customs vary, not universal law.
Ji Tou (Chicken Head - Red/White Rooster best)
【Indications】Kill ghosts, those from East Gate especially good (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treat Gu poison, ward off evil, dispel plague (Li Shizhen).
【Elucidation】Li Shizhen says: Ancient New Year, split rooster, sacrifice to door/gate to ward off evil ghosts. Chicken is Yang essence, male is Yang body, head is Yang convergence, East Gate is Yang direction, Pure Yang overcomes Pure Yin. Used in *Qianjin* Gender Change formula for same reason. Ying Shao's *Fengsu Tong* says: Folk sacrifices chicken to doors. Chicken is Eastern sacrifice, East rises, all things exit door. *Shanhai Jing* uses roosters for ghosts. Now treat Thief Wind with Ji Tou San, Gu with East Gate Ji Tou, Ghost Fe with Rooster blood. All [missing character]
All sacrifices/exorcisms provide chicken. Note: Exorcise suburbs/borders, avert disasters. Make buildings/tools, smear blood in cracks. *Huainanzi* says: Chicken head already [missing character], deduction of this type.
【Attached Formulas】One new formula. Sudden fainting/sleep paralysis: Powder from East Gate chicken head, take with wine. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Ji Guan Xue (Chicken Comb Blood - 3-year rooster best)
【Flavor and Properties】Salty, neutral, non-toxic.
【Indications】Silkie chicken: Mainly treats difficult lactation (*Bie Lu*).