（即香油）
弘景曰∶生榨者良。若蒸炒者，止可供食及然灯耳，不入药用。
宗 曰∶炒熟乘热压出油，谓之生油，但可点照；须再煎炼，乃为熟油，始可食，不中
点照，亦一异也。如铁自火中出而谓之生铁，亦此义也。
时珍曰∶入药以乌麻油为上，白麻油次之，须自榨乃良。若市肆者，不惟已经蒸炒，而
又杂之以伪也。
【气味】甘，微寒，无毒。
【主治】利大肠，产妇胞衣不落。生油摩疮肿，生秃发（《别录》）。去头面游风（孙思
邈）。主天行热 ，肠内结热。服一合，取利为度（藏器）。主喑哑，杀五黄，下三焦热毒瓦斯，
通
少时，即泻下热毒，甚良（孟诜）。陈油∶煎膏，生肌长肉止痛，消痈肿，补皮裂（《日华》）。
治痈疽热病（苏颂）。解热毒、食毒、虫毒，杀诸虫蝼蚁（时珍）。
【发明】藏器曰∶大寒，乃常食所用。而发冷疾，滑精髓，发脏腑渴，困脾脏。令人体
重损声。
士良曰∶有牙齿疾及脾胃疾人，切不可吃。治饮食物，须逐日熬熟用之。若经宿，即动
气也。
刘完素曰∶油生于麻，麻温而油寒，同质而异性也。
震亨曰∶香油乃炒熟脂麻所出，食之美，且不致疾。若煎炼过，与火无异矣。
时珍曰∶张华《博物志》言∶积油满百石，则自能生火。陈霆《墨谈》言∶衣绢有油，
蒸热则出火星。是油与火同性矣。用以煎炼食物，尤能动火生痰。陈氏谓之大寒，珍意不然。
但生用之，有润燥解毒、止痛消肿之功，似乎寒耳。且香油能杀虫，而病发症者嗜油；炼
油能自焚，而气尽则反冷。此又物之玄理也。
【附方】旧十，新二十七。
发症饮油∶《外台》云∶病发症者，欲得饮油。用油一升，入香泽煎之。盛置病患头边，
令气入口鼻，勿与饮之。疲极眠睡，虫当从口出。急以锻石粉手捉取抽尽，即是发也。初出
，如不流水中浓菜形。又云∶治胸喉间觉有症虫上下，尝闻葱、豉食香，此乃发症虫也。二
日不食，开口而卧。以油煎葱、豉令香，置口边。虫当出，以物引去之，必愈。
发瘕腰痛∶《南史》云∶宋明帝宫人腰痛牵心，发则气绝。徐文伯诊曰∶发瘕也。以油
灌之。吐物如发，引之长三尺，头已成蛇，能动摇，悬之滴尽，唯一发尔。
吐解蛊毒∶以清油多饮，取吐。（《岭南方》）。
解河豚毒∶一时仓卒无药。急以清麻油多灌，取吐出毒物，即愈。（《卫生易简方》）。
解砒石毒∶麻油一碗，灌之。（《卫生方》）。
大风热疾∶《近效方》云∶婆罗门僧疗大风疾，并热风手足不遂，压丹石热毒。用硝石
一两，生乌麻油二大升，同纳铛中。以土墼盖口，纸泥固济，细火煎之。初煎气腥，药熟则
香气发。更以生脂麻油二大升和合，微煎之。以意斟量得所，即内不津器中。凡大风人，用
纸屋子坐病患，外面烧火发汗，日服一大合，壮者日二服。三七日，头面 疮皆灭也。（《
图经》）。
伤寒发黄∶生乌麻油一盏，水半盏，鸡子白一枚，和搅服尽。（《外台》）。
小儿发热∶不拘风寒饮食时行痘疹，并宜用之∶以葱涎入香油内，手指蘸油摩擦小儿五
心、头面、项背诸处，最能解毒凉肌。（《直指》）。
预解痘毒∶《外台》云∶时行暄暖，恐发痘疮。用生麻油一小盏，水一盏，旋旋倾下油
内，柳枝搅稠如蜜。每服二、三蚬壳，大人二合，卧时服之。三、五服，大便快利，疮自不
生
小儿初生大小便不通。用真香油一两，皮硝少许，同煎滚。冷定，徐徐灌入口中，咽下
即通。（《蔺氏经验方》）。
卒热心痛∶生麻油一合，服之良。（《肘后方》）。
鼻衄不止∶纸条蘸真麻油入鼻取嚏，即愈。有人一夕衄血盈盆，用此而效。（《普济方
》）。
胎死腹中∶清油和蜜等分，入汤顿服。（《普济方》）。
漏胎难产∶因血干涩也。用清油半两，好蜜一两，同煎数十沸，温服，胎滑即下。他药
无
产肠不收∶用油五斤，炼熟盆盛。令妇坐盆中，饭久。先用皂角（炙，去皮）研末。吹
少许
痈疽发背，初作即服此，使毒瓦斯不内攻∶以麻油一斤，银器煎二十沸，和醇醋二碗。分
五
肿毒初起∶麻油煎葱黑色，趁热通手旋涂，自消。（《百一选方》）
喉痹肿痛生油一合灌之，立愈。（《总录》）。
丹石毒发，发热者∶不得食热物，不用火为使。但着浓衣暖卧，取油一匙，含咽。戒怒
二
去滓。合酒每服三合，百日气血充盛也。
身面疮疥∶方同下。
梅花秃癣∶用清油一碗，以小竹子烧火入内煎沸，沥猪胆汁一个，和匀，剃头擦之，二
、三日即愈。勿令日晒。（《普济方》）。
赤秃发落∶香油、水等分，以银钗搅和。日日擦之，发生乃止。（《普济方》）。
发落不生∶生胡麻油涂之。（《普济方》）。
令发长黑∶生麻油、桑叶煎过，去滓。沐发，令长数尺。（《普济》）。
滴耳治聋∶生油日滴三、五次。候耳中塞出，即愈。（《总录》）。
蚰蜒入耳∶刘禹锡《传信方》∶用油麻油作煎饼，枕卧，须臾自出。李元淳尚书在河阳
日，蚰蜒入耳，无计可为。脑闷有声，至以头击门柱。奏状危困，因发御药疗之，不验。忽
有人献此方，乃愈。（《图经》）。
蜘蛛咬毒∶香油和盐，掺之。（《普济方》）。
冬月唇裂∶香油频频抹之。（《相感志》）。
身面白癜∶以酒服生胡麻油一合，一日三服，至五斗瘥。忌生冷、猪、鸡、鱼、蒜等百
日。（《千金》）。
小儿丹毒∶生麻油涂之。（《千金》）。
打扑伤肿∶熟麻油和酒饮之，以火烧热地卧之，觉即疼肿俱消。松阳民相殴，用此法，
经官验之，了无痕迹。（赵葵《行营杂录》）。
虎爪伤人∶先吃清油一碗，仍以油淋洗疮口。（赵原阳《济急方》）。
毒蜂螫伤∶清油搽之妙。（同上）。
毒蛇螫伤∶急饮好清油一二盏解毒，然后用药也。（《济急良方》）
灯盏残油
【主治】能吐风痰食毒，涂痈肿热毒。又治 犬咬伤，以灌疮口，甚良（
麻枯饼
时珍曰∶此乃榨去油麻滓也。亦名麻糁（音辛）。荒岁人亦食之。可以养鱼肥田，亦《周
礼》草人强坚用 之义。
【附方】新二。
揩牙乌须∶麻枯八两，盐花三两，用生地黄十斤取汁，同入铛中熬干。以铁盖覆之，盐
泥泥之， 赤，取研末。日用三次，揩毕，饮姜茶。先从眉起，一月皆黑也。（《养老书》）。
疽疮有虫∶生麻油滓贴之，绵裹，当有虫出。（《千金方》）。
青 （音穣。《本经》上品） 恭曰∶自草部移附此。
【释名】梦神，巨胜苗也。生中原山谷。（《别录》）。
【气味】甘，寒，无毒。
【主治】五脏邪气，风寒湿痹，益气，补脑髓，坚筋骨。久服，耳目聪明，不饥不老增
寿（《本经》）。主伤暑热（思邈）。作汤沐头，去风润发，滑皮肤，益血色（《日华》）。治崩
中血凝注者，生捣一升，热汤绞汁半升服，立愈（甄权）。祛风解毒润肠。又治飞丝入咽喉
者，嚼之即愈（时珍）。
【发明】宗 曰∶青 即油麻叶也。以汤浸，良久涎出，稠黄色，妇人用之梳发，与《日
华》作汤沐发之说相符，则胡麻之为脂麻无疑。
弘景曰∶胡麻叶甚肥滑，可沐头。但不知云何服之？《仙方》并无用此，亦当阴干为丸
散尔。
时珍曰∶按∶服食家有种青 作菜食法，云∶秋间取巨胜子种畦中，如生菜之法。候苗
出采食，滑美不减于葵。则本草所着者，亦茹蔬之功，非入丸散也。
胡麻花
思邈曰∶七月采最上标头者，阴干用之。
藏器曰∶阴干渍汁，溲面食，至韧滑。
【主治】生秃发（思邈）。润大肠。人身上生肉疔者，擦之即愈（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
眉毛不生
乌麻花阴干为末，以乌麻油渍之，日涂。（《外台秘要》）。
麻秸
【主治】烧灰，入点痣去恶肉方中用（时珍）。
【附方】新二。
小儿盐哮∶脂麻秸，瓦内烧存性，出火毒，研末。以淡豆腐蘸食之。（《摘玄方》）。
耳出脓∶白麻秸刮取一合，花胭脂一枚，为末。绵裹塞耳中。（《圣济总录》）。
(That is, sesame oil)
Tao Hongjing said: Cold-pressed (raw-pressed) is superior. If pressed after steaming or frying, it can only be used for food and lamp fuel, not for medicinal purposes.
Chen Cangqi said: Oil pressed out while hot from fried sesame seeds is called "raw oil," which can only be used for lighting; it must be boiled again to become "cooked oil," which is edible but cannot be used for lighting. This is another difference. It is similar to iron coming out of fire yet being called "raw iron."
Li Shizhen said: For medicinal use, black sesame oil is best, white sesame oil is secondary, and it must be cold-pressed to be good. Those sold in markets have not only been steamed and fried but are also adulterated with fakes.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, slightly cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Promotes bowel movement, treats retained placenta in postpartum women. Rubbing raw oil on sores and swelling treats alopecia (not growing hair) (Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi). Removes wandering wind from the head and face (Sun Simiao). Treats epidemic febrile diseases and internal heat accumulation in the intestines. Take one he, stop when bowel movement occurs (Chen Cangqi). Treats aphonia, eliminates the "Five Yellows" disease, drains heat toxins from the Triple Burner, and causes the discharge of heat toxins through stool shortly after administration, which is very effective (Meng Shen). Aged oil: boiled into ointment, generates flesh, stops pain, reduces swelling, and repairs skin fissures (Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao). Treats carbuncles and malignant sores with heat (Su Song). Resolves heat toxins, food toxins, and insect toxins; kills various insects and ants (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation]
Chen Cangqi said: It is extremely cold and commonly used in daily diet. However, it may induce cold diseases, cause slippery essence loss, trigger thirst in the zang-fu organs, and impair the spleen. It makes the body feel heavy and damages the voice.
Shi Liang said: People with dental or spleen-stomach diseases must absolutely avoid eating it. When cooking, it must be boiled fresh every day. If kept overnight, it will move qi.
Liu Wansu said: Oil is produced from sesame; sesame is warm while oil is cold. They share the same substance but differ in nature.
Zhu Zhenheng said: Sesame oil comes from fried fat sesame. It is delicious to eat and does not cause disease. If over-boiled, it becomes indistinguishable from fire.
Li Shizhen said: Zhang Hua's *Bowuzhi* states that accumulated oil reaching a hundred shi can spontaneously ignite. Chen Ting's *Mo Tan* records that silk clothes stained with oil spark when heated. This shows oil and fire share similar properties. Using it to fry food especially tends to generate fire and phlegm. Chen's view that it is extremely cold is not accepted by me. Only when used raw does it have the effects of moistening dryness, resolving toxicity, stopping pain, and reducing swelling, which seems cold. Moreover, sesame oil can kill parasites, and those suffering from kwashiorkor-like symptoms crave oil; refined oil can self-combust, but after its energy is exhausted, it becomes cold. This is another profound principle of things.
[Prescriptions] Ten old prescriptions, twenty-seven new prescriptions.
Drinking oil for Kwashiorkor (Gan Syndrome): *Waitai Miyao* says: Patients with Gan syndrome desire to drink oil. Use one sheng of oil, decocted with Xiangze Lan (Carpesium fruit). Place it near the patient's head so the aroma enters the nose and mouth, do not let them drink it. When exhausted and asleep, the parasites will come out of the mouth. Quickly catch and remove them with hands dusted with calcined stone powder. This is the Gan parasite. Initially, it resembles thick vegetable matter in stagnant water. Also says: To treat the sensation of Gan parasites moving up and down in the chest and throat, where one smells scallion and fermented soybean, these are the parasites. Fast for two days, lie with mouth open. Scald scallions and fermented soybeans in oil until fragrant, place near the mouth. The parasites will emerge; guide them out with an object, and they will surely be cured.
Fa Xia Lower Back Pain: *History of Song* says: An imperial concubine of Emperor Ming of Song suffered lower back pain radiating to the heart, causing breathlessness upon onset. Xu Wenbo diagnosed it as Fa Xia. He administered oil. She vomited an object like hair, three chi long, with a snake-like head that could move. Hung up to drip dry, only one hair remained.
Vomiting to Resolve Gu Poison: Drink plenty of clear oil to induce vomiting. (*Lingnan Fang*).
Resolving Pufferfish Poison: In sudden emergencies without medicine. Urgently灌 (administer) large amounts of clear sesame oil to induce vomiting and expel the poison, then recovery follows. (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*).
Resolving Arsenic Poison: One bowl of sesame oil, administer orally. (*Weisheng Fang*).
Great Wind Febrile Disease: *Jin Xiao Fang* says: Brahmin monks treat Great Wind disease, hemiplegia due to wind-heat, and suppress Dan Shi heat toxicity. Use one liang of Niter (Potassium Nitrate) and two large sheng of raw black sesame oil. Put them together in a cauldron. Cover the mouth with earth bricks, seal with paper mud, and simmer gently. Initially smelly, becomes fragrant when cooked. Add two more large sheng of raw fat sesame oil, mix and simmer slightly. Adjust to taste, store in a sealed vessel. For patients with Great Wind, sit them in a paper-walled room, burn fire outside to induce sweating. Take one he daily, twice daily for robust individuals. After twenty-one days (3x7), facial sores will disappear. (*Tujing Bencao*).
Typhoid with Jaundice: One cup of raw black sesame oil, half cup of water, one egg white. Mix and take all at once. (*Waitai Miyao*).
Pediatric Fever: Applicable regardless of wind-cold, dietary issues, or epidemic measles/rubella: Mix scallion juice into sesame oil. Dip fingers in oil and rub the five centers (palms/soles), head, face, neck, and back of children. This effectively resolves toxicity and cools the muscles. (*Zhizhi Fang*).
Preventing Measles Toxicity: *Waitai Miyao* says: During warm epidemics, fearing measles eruption. Use one small cup of raw sesame oil and one cup of water. Pour water slowly into oil while stirring with a willow branch until thick like honey. Take two or three clam shells per dose, adults take one he, before bed. After three to five doses, if bowels move freely, sores will not appear.
Newborn Constipation: Use one liang of pure sesame oil and a little mirabilite (Glauber's salt). Boil together. Cool down, slowly administer orally. Bowel movement resumes upon swallowing. (*Lin Shi Jing Yan Fang*).
Sudden Heart Pain: Take one he of raw sesame oil. Effective. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
Incessant Epistaxis: Dip a paper strip in pure sesame oil and insert into the nostril to induce sneezing. Cured immediately. Someone had a basin full of blood from one night's epistaxis; this method was effective. (*Puji Fang*).
Fetus Dead in Utero: Equal parts clear oil and honey. Decoct in water and take orally. (*Puji Fang*).
Leaking Fetus/Dystocia: Due to dry and sticky blood. Use half liang of clear oil and one liang of fine honey. Boil together for dozens of boils. Take warm. The fetus will slip out easily. Other medicines fail.
Prolapsed Rectum after Birth: Use five jin of oil, refined and stored in a basin. Let the woman sit in the basin for a long time. First, grind prepared soap bean (Gleditsia sinensis) (roasted, peeled) into powder. Blow a small amount...
Carbuncle and Back Abscess: Take this prescription at the onset to prevent internal attack of toxic qi: One jin of sesame oil, boil in a silver vessel for twenty boils. Mix with two bowls of mature vinegar. Divide into five...
Initial Swelling: Fry scallions in sesame oil until black. Apply while hot by hand. Disappears spontaneously. (*Bai Yi Xuan Fang*)
Throat Bi (Swollen Sore Throat): Administer one he of raw oil. Immediate cure. (*Zong Lu*)
Dan Shi Toxicity Eruption with Fever: Do not eat hot foods or use heat therapy. Wear thick clothes and sleep warmly. Take one spoonful of oil, hold in mouth and swallow. Avoid anger...
Filter dregs. Mix with wine, take three he per dose. Qi and blood become abundant in one hundred days.
Sores on Body and Face: Same formula as below.
Plaque Psoriasis/Alopecia Areata: Use one bowl of clear oil. Heat inside using a small bamboo stick until boiling. Add one pig bile. Mix well. Shave head and rub. Cure in two or three days. Avoid sun exposure. (*Puji Fang*).
Red Alopecia/Hair Loss: Equal parts sesame oil and water. Stir with a silver hairpin. Rub daily until hair grows. Stop then. (*Puji Fang*)
Hair Loss Not Regrowing: Apply raw Hu Ma oil. (*Puji Fang*)
Promoting Hair Growth and Blackening: Decoct raw sesame oil with mulberry leaves. Filter dregs. Wash hair with it. Allows hair to grow several chi long. (*Puji Fang*)
Dripping Ear to Treat Deafness: Drip raw oil three to five times daily. Wait for blockage in ear to be expelled. Cured. (*Zong Lu*)
Centipede Entering Ear: Liu Yuxi's *Chuan Xin Fang*: Make pancakes with sesame oil. Sleep on them. Centipede exits spontaneously. When Minister Li Yuanchun was in Heyang, a centipede entered his ear. No remedy worked. His head buzzed with noise, he even hit his head against the doorpost. Reported critical condition, imperial medicine failed. Suddenly someone offered this prescription, and he recovered. (*Tujing Bencao*)
Spider Bite: Mix sesame oil with salt, apply. (*Puji Fang*)
Winter Chapped Lips: Frequently rub with sesame oil. (*Xiang Gan Zhi*)
Vitiligo on Body and Face: Take one he of raw Hu Ma oil with wine. Three times daily. Total five dou leads to recovery. Avoid raw/cold foods, pork, chicken, fish, garlic for one hundred days. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
Pediatric Erysipelas: Apply raw sesame oil. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
Traumatic Swelling: Drink ripe sesame oil mixed with wine. Lie on ground heated by fire. Pain and swelling vanish upon feeling warmth. People in Songyang fighting used this method; official inspection showed no traces. (Zhao Kui *Xing Ying Za Lu*)
Tiger Claw Injury: First eat one bowl of clear oil, then wash wound with oil. (Zhao Yuanyang *Ji Ji Fang*)
Poisonous Bee Sting: Applying clear oil is excellent. (Same source)
Venomous Snake Bite: Urgently drink one or two cups of good clear oil to resolve toxicity, then apply medication. (*Ji Ji Liang Fang*)
Residual Oil from Lamp Wicks
[Indications] Can induce vomiting of wind-phlegm and food toxins. Apply to carbuncles and heat toxins. Also treats dog bites; pour into wound, very effective (Li Shizhen).
Sesame Cake (Oil Residue)
Li Shizhen said: This is the residue after pressing oil from sesame. Also called Ma San (sound Xin). People eat it during famine years. It can be used to fertilize fields for raising fish, consistent with the meaning of "strong and firm" usage in *Zhou Li* Grass Man.
[Prescriptions] Two new prescriptions.
Teeth Whitening and Beard Darkening: Eight liang of sesame cake, three liang of salt flowers. Take juice from ten jin of fresh Rehmannia root. Boil together in a cauldron until dry. Cover with iron lid, seal with salt mud. Fire until red. Grind into powder. Use three times daily. After brushing, drink ginger tea. Starts from eyebrows, turns black in one month. (*Yang Lao Shu*)
Parasites in Carbuncles: Apply raw sesame oil residue. Wrap in cotton. Parasites will emerge. (*Qian Jin Fang*)
Qing Xiang (Sound Rang. *Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* Upper Grade) Gong said: Moved from Herb Section to here.
[Name] Meng Shen, seedling of Ju Sheng (Sesame). Grows in valleys of Central Plains. (*Ben Cao Jing Jiu Yi*)
[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Expels evil qi from five zang organs, treats wind-cold-damp bi obstruction. Benefits qi, supplements brain marrow, strengthens sinews and bones. Long-term use brings clarity to ears and eyes, prevents hunger and aging, increases longevity (*Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing*). Treats summerheat injury (Sun Simiao). Used as hair wash, removes wind, moisturizes hair, smooths skin, improves blood color (*Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao*). Treats metrorrhagia with blood stasis: crush one sheng raw, squeeze juice with hot water, take half sheng. Immediate cure (Zhen Quan). Dispels wind, resolves toxicity, moistens intestines. Also treats flying silk entering throat: chew and cure immediately (Li Shizhen).
[Elucidation]
Chen Cangqi said: Qing Xiang is the leaf of oil sesame. Soaked in water, saliva appears after a long time, thick and yellow. Women use it to comb hair. This matches *Ri Hua Zi*'s description of hair wash, confirming Hu Ma is indeed Zhi Ma.
Tao Hongjing said: Hu Ma leaves are very fleshy and slippery, suitable for washing hair. But how to ingest it? *Xian Fang* does not use it. It should be dried in shade and made into pills/powders.
Li Shizhen said: According to: Food preservers have a method of planting Qing Xiang as vegetables. Say: In autumn, plant Ju Sheng seeds in beds like lettuce. Harvest shoots when they emerge, eat them. Slippery and delicious, not inferior to mallow. Thus, what the Materia Medica records is the benefit of eating vegetables, not for pills and powders.
Hu Ma Flower
Sun Simiao said: Collect the top tips in July, dry in shade for use.
Chen Cangqi said: Dry in shade, soak for juice, mix with flour for noodles, very tough and smooth.
[Indications] Treats alopecia (Sun Simiao). Moistens large intestine. Rub on flesh carbuncles on the body for immediate cure (Li Shizhen).
[Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Eyebrows Not Growing
Dry black Hu Ma flowers into powder. Soak in black sesame oil. Apply daily. (*Waitai Mi Yao*)
Hemp Stem
[Indication] Burn to ash, used in formulas for moles and removing bad flesh (Li Shizhen).
[Prescriptions] Two new prescriptions.
Pediatric Salt Asthma: Burn sesame stems in pottery until charred but retaining nature. Remove fire toxicity. Grind to powder. Dip in light tofu and eat. (*Zhai Xuan Fang*)
Ear Pus: Scrape one he of white hemp stem. Mix with one flower of rouge. Grind to powder. Wrap in cotton, plug into ear. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)