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[Compendium of Materia Medica]
[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] Li Shizhen said: Ku Qiao Mai (Buckwheat) is produced in the south, sown around the Spring She festival. The stems are green with many branches, leaves resemble those of common buckwheat but are sharper, flowers are greenish, and the fruit resembles buckwheat, slightly pointed with non-sharp edges. Its taste is bitter and unpleasant. Farmers grind it into powder, steam it, fumigate it with vapor, drip off the yellow juice, and then make it into cakes for consumption; its color resembles pig liver. It is a low-grade grain, merely used to relieve famine.

[Qi Wei (Flavor and Property)] Sweet, bitter, warm, slightly toxic.
Li Shizhen said: Excessive consumption damages the stomach, induces wind and disturbs Qi, and can trigger various diseases. Patients with Huang Dan (Jaundice) should strictly avoid it.

[Fu Fang (Attached Prescriptions)] New one.
Ming Mu Zhen (Brightening Eyes Pillow): Ku Qiao Pi (Buckwheat Hull), Hei Dou Pi (Black Soybean Hull), Lü Dou Pi (Green Soybean Hull), Jue Ming Zi (Cassiae Semen), Ju Hua (Chrysanthemum Flower). Make them together into a pillow. Using it until old age keeps the eyes bright. (Deng Cai's "Za Xing")

[Ming Yi Bie Lu (Classic of Famous Physicians' Distinctions), Lower Grade)
[Shi Ming (Explanation of Names)] (Du), Nuo Mi (Glutinous Rice, also written as ).
Li Shizhen said: Dao (Rice) is the general term for Jing Mi (Non-glutinous Rice) and Nuo Mi (Glutinous Rice). As stated in "Wu Li Lun", "Dao is the general term for irrigated crops." In Ben Cao texts, however, it specifically refers to Nuo Mi (Glutinous Rice). The character Dao derives from Yao (sound Han), symbolizing a person processing rice in a mortar. is a phonetic shift of the dialectal pronunciation of Dao. Its nature is sticky and soft, hence called Nuo.
Ying said: Nuo Mi (Glutinous Rice) relaxes sinews and causes drowsiness; its nature is weak.

[Ji Jie (Collected Explanations)] Tao Hongjing said: In Daoist prescriptions, both Dao Mi (Rice) and Jing Mi (Non-glutinous Rice) are used; these are two different substances. Dao Mi is white like frost, which is absent in Jiangdong, so people generally call Jing Mi "Dao," unaware that there are other color varieties.
Su Gong said: Dao is the general name for and Gu. "Er Ya" states: , is Dao. Jing refers to non-sticky rice, alternatively called . Sheng Zhi said: Plant Jing Dao in March, Shu Dao in April. Both are Dao; Tao Hongjing considered them two distinct things, which is hard to explain.
Chen Cangqi said: This Dao Mi is Nuo Mi (Glutinous Rice). Its grains are similar in size to Mi, with fine bran white as snow. Now, both and Nuo are commonly called Dao, causing confusion. According to Li Hanguang's "Yin Yi" citing "Zi Shu": Jing means Dao. means a type of Dao, non-sticky. Zi means rice cake. Zi is likely Nuo.
Meng Shen said: "Er Ya" states: , is Dao. Guo Pu's annotation says: two different names. Currently, Pei Guo calls it . "Zhou Song" states: Abundant years have much Shu and much . "Li Ji" states: Beef pairs well with . "Bin Feng" states: Harvest Dao in the tenth month. All refer to the same thing. "Shuo Wen" states: , is a type of Dao. Pei Guo calls Dao Nuo. "Zi Lin" states: Nuo is sticky Dao. , is non-sticky Dao. However, and Nuo are very similar, differing only in stickiness. One should follow "Shuo Wen" and equate Dao with Nuo. Yan Shigu's "Kan Miu Zheng Su" states: The Dao Mi in Ben Cao is today's Nuo Mi. Or generally, Jing and Nuo are called Dao. Confucius said: Eat that Dao. Zhou Guan had a Dao Ren (Rice Official). Han Dynasty had a Dao Tian Shi Zhe (Rice Field Envoy). All generally referred to and Nuo. Hence later generations mixed terms, not knowing Dao is Nuo.
Kou Zongshi said: Dao Mi is the Nuo Dao (Glutinous Rice) used for brewing wine today. Its nature is warm, thus suitable for wine. Wine is Yang, thus generates heat. "Xi Yu Ji" states: The land of Tian Zhu (India) is humid and hot; Dao ripens four times a year, which verifies this.
Li Shizhen said: Nuo Dao (Glutinous Rice) is widely planted in southern paddy fields. Its nature is sticky; it can be used for brewing wine, making Zi (rice cakes), steaming cakes, boiling malt sugar, or stir-frying. There are many varieties. The husk is red or white, hairy or hairless. The grain is red or white; red ones yield more wine and less lees. One variety has grains white as frost, three to four fen long. "Qi Min Yao Shu" mentions Nuo varieties such as Jiu Ge, Zhi Mu, Da Huang, Ma Shou, Hu Pi, Huo Se, etc. Ancients mostly used Shu for brewing, hence discussions on Nuo Dao often require clarification. Shu is Nuo Su (Glutinous Millet), see relevant entry.

Dao Mi (Rice Grain)
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Property)] Bitter, warm, non-toxic. Sun Simiao said: Sweet. Kou Zongshi said: Warm.
Su Song said: Nuo Mi is cold in nature; when brewed into wine, it becomes hot; the lees are warm and neutral. This is like how Da Dou (Soybean) differs in nature from Chi (Fermented Bean Curd) and Jiang (Soy Sauce).
Meng Shen said: Cool. Induces wind and disturbs Qi, causes drowsiness; do not eat excessively.
Chen Cangqi said: Long-term consumption makes the body soft and relaxes sinews. If kittens or dogs eat it, their legs become bent and they cannot walk. If horses eat it, their legs feel heavy. If pregnant women consume it mixed with meat, it harms the fetus.
Xiao Bing said: It blocks Qi in all meridians, causing limbs to fail to move, inducing wind and dizziness.
Shi Liang said: Long-term consumption triggers palpitations and pain in carbuncles, ulcers, sores, and boils. Consumed with alcohol, intoxication is hard to recover from.
Li Shizhen said: Nuo is sticky and difficult to digest; infants and patients should avoid it.

[Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Cooking it warms the middle and causes internal heat, leading to hard stools (Ming Yi Bie Lu). It moves blood stasis in Ying and Wei, and resolves Yuan Qing (Blister Beetle) and Ban Mao (Mustard Beetle) toxicity (Shi Liang). Benefits Qi and stops diarrhea (Sun Simiao). Tonifies the middle and benefits Qi. Stops vomiting and regurgitation after Huo Luan (Cholera-like syndrome); take one he measured unit, grind with water, and ingest (Da Ming). Eating pancakes made with Camel Fat treats hemorrhoids (Xiao Bing). Eating one dou of porridge treats Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome) (Chen Cangqi). Warms the spleen and stomach, stops deficiency-cold diarrhea, reduces urination, stops spontaneous sweating, and promotes the eruption of smallpox (Li Shizhen).

[Fa Ming (Elucidation)] Sun Simiao said: Nuo Mi is sweet and is the grain of the Spleen; suitable for Spleen diseases.
Yang Shiying said: For痘 Zhen (Smallpox/Chickenpox), using Mi is taken for its detoxifying ability, allowing it to ferment and erupt.
Li Shizhen said: Nuo Mi is warm; brewing wine makes it hot, and boiling malt sugar makes it even hotter. Thus, it is suitable for those with Spleen and Lung deficiency-cold. However, for those with existing Phlegm-Heat or Wind diseases, or Spleen dysfunction in transportation and transformation, consuming it easily triggers disease and accumulation. Meng Shen and Su Song claiming it is cool or cold are erroneous. "Ming Yi Bie Lu" already stated it warms the middle and firms the bowels, causing heat; how could it be cold? For modern cases of cold diarrhea, eating it stir-fried stops it. For elderly people with frequent urination, eating Zi Gao (Rice Cakes) or pills at night also stops it. This verifies its ability to warm the lungs and spleen. Using it for痘 Zheng (Smallpox/Chickenpox) follows this logic.

[Fu Fang (Attached Prescriptions)] Five old formulas, sixteen new formulas.
Huo Luan Fan Ke Bu Zhi (Cholera with unceasing irritability and thirst): Take 3 he measured units of Nuo Mi, 5 sheng of water, 1 he measured unit of honey. Grind into juice and divide for服用, or boil the juice and drink. (Yang Shi's "Chan Ru").
Xiao Ke Yin Shui (Wasting-Thirst drinking water): Same formula as above.
San Xiao Ke Bing (Three Types of Wasting-Thirst Disease): Mei Hua Tang (Plum Blossom Decoction): Use equal parts of Nuo Gu (Stir-fried Glutinous Rice until white flowers appear) and Sang Gen Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark). Take 1 liang per dose, add 2 bowls of water, decoct and drink.
Xia Li Jin Kou (Dysentery with inability to eat): Take 1 sheng of Nuo Gu (Stir-fry until white flowers appear, remove husks, mix with Ginger Juice, stir-fry again), grind into powder. Take 1 spoonful per dose, swallow with water, three doses.
Jiu Xie Shi Jian (Chronic Diarrhea with reduced appetite): Take 1 sheng of Nuo Mi. Soak in water overnight, drain, slowly stir-fry until cooked, grind and sieve. Add 1 liang of Huai Qing Shan Yao (Dioscorea Polypodioides Rhizome). Every morning, take half a zhan, add 2 spoons of brown sugar and a little pepper powder, mix with boiling water and eat. The taste is excellent and highly nourishing. Long-term use warms essence and aids conception; it is a secret recipe. ("Song Huang Jing Yan Fang").
Bi Nie Bu Zhi, Fu Yao Bu Ying (Unstopping Nosebleed, unresponsive to medication): Du Sheng San (Sole Sage Powder): Lightly stir-fry Nuo Mi until yellow, grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mix with fresh well water and swallow. Also blow a small amount into the nose.
Lao Xin Tu Xue (Heart Labor causing Hemoptysis): Take 0.5 liang of Nuo Mi and 7 Lotus Plumules (Lian Zi Xin), grind into powder, take with wine. Sun Zhongying said: Has been effective in many uses. Alternatively, make pills with Ink Juice and take.
Zi Han Bu Zhi (Unstopping Spontaneous Sweating): Stir-fry Nuo Mi and Xiao Mai Fu (Wheat Bran) together, grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose, swallow with Rice Drink. Or boil pork and dip in it.
Xiao Bian Bai Zhuo (White Turbid Urine): Bai Nuo Wan (White Glutinous Rice Pills): Treats nighttime white turbid urine stagnation. Common in elderly and deficient persons, causing sudden death, greatly depleting essence, and causing dizziness/heavy head. Take 5 sheng of Nuo Mi (Stir-fry until red-black), 1 liang of Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica), grind into powder, use Nuo Mi paste to make pills the size of Wu Zi (Sophora Seeds). Take 50 pills per dose, swallow with Steamed Bun Decoction. If unavailable, use Bu Shen Tang (Kidney-Tonifying Decoction) from "Ju Fang". For young people with weak constitution, excessive sexual activity, excessive urination, difficult urination, and urine like paste, adding Shi Chang Pu (Acorus Tatarinowii Rhizome) and Mu Li Fen (Oyster Shell Powder) is very effective. ("Jing Yan Liang Fang").
Nv Ren Bai Yin (Female White Leukorrhea): Equal parts of Cao Nuo Mi (Brown Glutinous Rice) and Hua Jiao (Zanthoxylum Fruit). Stir-fry and grind into powder, make pills with Vinegar Paste the size of Wu Zi. Take 30-40 pills per dose before meals, swallow with Vinegar Water. (Yang Qi's "Jian Bian Fang").
Tai Dong Bu An, Xia Huang Shui (Restless Fetus, Yellow Discharge): Take 1 he measured unit of Nuo Mi, 5 qian of Huang Qi (Astragalus Root) and Xiong Duan (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), 1 sheng of water. Decoct to 0.8 sheng, divide for服用. ("Chan Bao").
Xiao Er Tou Chuang (Infantile Scalp Sores): Burn Nuo Mi rice to ash, add Qing Fen (Calomel), mix with clear oil and apply. ("Pu Ji Fang").
Chan She Dan Du (Shingles): Mix Nuo Mi flour with salt, chew and apply. ("Ji Ji Fang").
Da Pu Shang Sun Zhu Chuang (Bruises, Trauma, and Various Sores): Soak Nuo Mi on Cold Food Day, change water daily. Remove at Xiao Man (Grain Buds), dry in sun, grind into powder. Mix with water and apply. ("Bian Min Tu Zuan").
Jin Chuang Yong Zhong, Ji Zhu Mu Qian Ci Deng Du (Metal Wounds, Carbuncles, and Bamboo/Wood Splinters Toxicity): Take 3 sheng of Nuo Mi. Forty-nine days before Dragon Boat Festival, soak in cold water, change water twice daily, gently rinse without crushing. On Dragon Boat Day, remove and dry in shade. Store in silk bag, hang in ventilated place. Take as needed, stir-fry until black, grind into powder. Mix with cold water to form a paste like plaster. Apply to wound according to size, wrap firmly with cloth, keep still until healed. If metal wounds infected by raw water cause severe abscesses, wrap immediately for one or two meal times to prevent abscess formation. If carbuncles/ulcers just start swelling, apply urgently; subsides overnight. ("Ling Yuan Fang").
Hou Bi Zha Sai (Sore Throat with Cheek Swelling): Apply previous paste to neck and swollen area; subsides overnight. Change when dry; keeping it moist is ideal.
Zhu Mu Qian Ci (Bamboo/Wood Splinters): Apply previous paste; splinter comes out in the medicine overnight.
Dian Quan Yao Shang (Mad Dog Bite): Take 1 he measured unit of Nuo Mi and 7 Ban Mao (Mylabris). Stir-fry together, remove yellow parts of Ban Mao. Add another 7, stir-fry until yellow, remove. Add another 7, wait until rice smokes, remove Ban Mao, grind into powder. Mix with oil and apply. Beneficial if urination is smooth. ("Yi Fang Da Cheng").
Huang Nian Dai Liang (Famine Substitute for Grain): Select 1 dou of Dao Mi, steam and sun-dry 100 times, grind into powder. Eat one meal per day, mixed with water. Stop after 30 days; can last a year without food. ("Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang").
Xu Lao Bu Zu (Deficiency Consumption Insufficiency): Put Nuo Mi inside a Pig Stomach, steam until dry, grind into pills, take daily.
Yao Tong Xu Han (Lower Back Pain with Deficiency-Cold): Take 2 sheng of Nuo Mi, stir-fry until cooked, put in bag, tie against painful area. Internally, take Ba Jiao Hui Xiang (Star Anise) ground with wine. (Tan Ye Weng's "Shi Yan Fang")

Mi Gan (Rice Wash Water)
[Qi Wei (Flavor and Property)] Sweet, cool, non-toxic.
[Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Benefits Qi, stops irritability/thirst/cholera, resolves toxicity. For indigestion of Duck Meat, drink one zhan at once, and it digests immediately. (Li Shizhen)
[Fu Fang (Attached Prescriptions)] Old one.
Fan Ke Bu Zhi (Irritability and Thirst Unstopping): Drink Mi Gan (Rice Wash Water) freely to settle. Grinding into juice is also acceptable. ("Wai Tai Mi Yao")

Nuo Dao Hua (Glutinous Rice Flower)
[Zhu Zhi (Main Indications)] Dry in shade, used in tooth-rubbing and Hair-Darkening prescriptions. (Li Shizhen)