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(From *Tang Bencao*)

[Correction]
(No specific correction content provided)

[Names]
(Guan), Wanlan (from *Shiyi*), Yangpoinai (from *Bencao Gangmu*), Popo Zhenxianbao.
Chen Cangqi stated: Emperor Gaozu of Han used its fruit to dress soldiers' metal weapon wounds (Jinchuang), hence the name Zhuohézi.
Li Shizhen stated: "Baihuan" is a corruption of the character "Wan". When its fruit is tender, it contains latex; when split, it resembles a ladle, thus the names Quepiao and Yangpoinai. Inside each seed is a white filament about two cun long, hence the common name Popo Zhenxianbao (Grandma's Needle and Thread Bag), also known as Popo Zhendaier.

[Collected Explanations]
Tao Hongjing stated: Luomo (*Metaplexis japonica*) is a vine; when broken, it exudes white latex. It is widely cultivated by households. The leaves are dense and large, edible raw or after steaming/boiling. The proverb says: "Travel a thousand miles from home, do not eat Luomo and Goji." This implies they tonify essence and qi, and strengthen sexual function (Qiang Sheng Yindao), similar to the effects of Goji leaves.
Su Gong stated: According to Lu Ji's *Commentary on the Classic of Poetry*, Luomo is also called Wanlan, and in Youzhou it is called Quepiao. However, Quepiao is an alias for Nuqing (*Aristolochia debilis* or related species). Luomo leaves resemble Nuqing, hence the name Quepiao. Nuqing leaves resemble Luomo, with leaves growing opposite each other. The fruit is ladle-shaped, about the size of a jujube, hence the name Quepiao. The root resembles Baiwei, and the stems and leaves have an odor; it grows in plains and marshes. *Bielu* states: The tender leaves resemble Luomo, with round tips and thick stems, and black fruits.
Chen Cangqi stated: Luomo, called Baihuan in the east, is a vine growing among fences; when broken, it yields white juice, also named Quepiao. That Nuqing is definitely not Baihuan; these two substances are similar and difficult to distinguish.
He further stated: Zhuohézi is a vine that spreads along fences. By autumn frost, the fruits resemble willow catkins. Also known as Jichang and Xunsang.
Li Shizhen stated: Zhuohézi refers to the seeds of Luomo. Seedlings emerge in March, spreading along fences and walls, reproducing easily. The roots are white and soft. The leaves are elongated, larger at the base and pointed at the tip. Both roots and stems/leaves exude white latex upon breaking, resembling mulberry sap. In June and July, small, bell-shaped flowers bloom, purple-white in color. The fruits are two to three cun long, as large as Aristolochia manshuriensis (Madoulouling), pointed at one end. The skin is green and soft, containing white filaments and pulp. After frost, the dried fruits split open, and the seeds fly away; the seeds are light and thin, similar to Madoulouling seeds. Merchants use the filaments for cushions instead of cotton, claiming they are very light and warm. The *Classic of Poetry* states: "The branches of Wanlan, the young boy wears the Wei; The leaves of Wanlan, the young boy wears the She." Wei (pronounced Qi) is a horned awl for untying knots. The fruit is pointed and hangs among branches, resembling it. She (pronounced She) is a thumb ring for drawing a bow. The leaf curves backward, resembling it. Thus, it is used as a metaphorical comparison. There is another variety where stems, leaves, and flowers resemble Luomo, but it has an offensive odor, purple roots, and round, bean-sized fruits that turn red when ripe. This corresponds to Su Gong's description of Nuqing resembling Luomo, and Chen Cangqi's note on the similarity between the two. Su Gong's claim that its root resembles Baiwei and fruit resembles a ladle is incorrect. One should follow Chen Cangqi's account. This is the vine-grown Nuqing, which shares the name but differs in substance from the Nuqing derived from Sheyan root; they should be cross-referenced.

[Seeds] (Leaves have similar efficacy to seeds)

[Properties and Flavors]
Sweet, Pungent, Warm, Non-toxic.
Li Shizhen stated: Sweet, slightly pungent.

[Therapeutic Actions]
Treats deficiency exhaustion (Xulao), tonifies essence and qi, strengthens sexual function. Leaves, when boiled and eaten, have the same efficacy as seeds (from *Tang Bencao*).
Crushed seeds applied externally to metal weapon wounds promote skin regeneration and stop bleeding. Crushed leaves applied externally to swellings and toxins (Chen Cangqi). Juice applied externally to erysipelas (Dandu) with redness and swelling, as well as snake and insect bites, resolves immediately. For spider bites that fail to heal with frequent treatment, applying crushed paste two or three times can rot out the venomous silk, turning it into pus immediately (Li Shizhen).

[Attached Prescriptions] Two new prescriptions.
Tonifying deficiency and damage, highly beneficial for sexual exhaustion: Use four liang of Luomo, three liang each of Goji root bark, Schisandra chinensis (Wuweizi), Biota orientalis (Baiziren), Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Suanzaoren), and Rehmannia glutinosa (Di Huang).
Grind into powder. Take one fangcun bi per dose, washed down with wine, three times daily. (From *Qianjin Fang*)
Trauma with bleeding and unbearable pain: Use the "Popo Zhendaier" (Luomo fruit) from the fence, grind into water, drink the liquid, and apply the dregs to the wound. Immediate effect. (From *Xiuzhen Fang*)