（《纲目》）
【释名】玄驹（亦作 ）、蚍蜉。
时珍曰∶蚁有君臣之义，故字从义。亦作 。大者为蚍蜉，亦曰马蚁。赤
者名 。扬雄《方言》云∶齐鲁之间谓之
正》云∶十二月，玄 奔。谓蚁入蛰也。大蚁喜酣战，故有马驹之称；而崔豹《古今注》遂
以蚁妖附会其说，谬矣。今不
【集解】时珍曰∶蚁处处有之。有大、小、黑、白、黄、赤数种，穴居卵生。其居有等，
其行有队。能知雨候，春出冬蛰。壅土成封，曰蚁封，以及蚁垤、蚁 、蚁冢，状其如封、
垤、
之
豆有
云
之，卖与养柑子者，以辟蠹虫。古今《五行记》云∶后魏时，兖州有赤蚁与黑蚁斗，长六七
步，广四
也。又按陈藏器
【主治】疔肿疽毒，捣涂之（藏器）。
【附录】白蚁 时珍曰∶白蚁，即蚁之白者，一名 ，一名飞蚁。穴地而居，蠹木而食，
因
桐油、竹鸡云。 ，音铅。蚁垤土、白蚁泥 并见土部
（《拾遗》）
【集解】藏器曰∶虫大如中蚁，赤色，腰中青黑，似狗 ，一尾而尖，有短翅能飞，春
夏有之也。
【主治】有大毒。着人皮肉，肿起。剥人面皮，除印字至骨者亦尽。食恶疮息肉，杀癣
虫（藏器）。
（《纲目》）
【释名】时珍曰∶蛆行趑趄，故谓之蛆。或云沮洳则生，亦通。
【集解】时珍曰∶蛆，蝇之子也。凡物败臭则生之。古法治酱生蛆，以草乌切片投之。
张子和治痈疽疮疡生蛆，以木香槟榔散末敷之。李楼治烂痘生蛆，以嫩柳叶铺卧引出之。高
武用猪肉片引出，以藜芦、贯众、白蔹为末，用真香油调敷之也。
【气味】寒，无毒。
【主治】粪中蛆∶治小儿诸疳积疳疮，热病谵妄，毒痢作吐。
泥中蛆∶治目赤，洗净晒研贴之。
马肉蛆∶治针、箭入肉中，及取虫牙。
蛤蟆肉蛆∶治小儿诸疳（并时珍）。
【附方】新十。
一切疳疾∶《圣济总录》∶六月取粪
坑中蛆淘净，入竹筒中封之，待干研末。每服一、二钱，入麝香，米饮服之。又方∶用
蛆
分，以 猪胆汁和丸黍米大。每服三四十丸，米饮下，神效。
小儿热疳∶尿如米泔，大便不调。粪蛆，烧灰，杂物与食之。
小儿痹积∶用粪中蛆，洗浸，晒干为末，入甘草末少许，米糊丸梧子大。每服五、七丸，
米饮下，甚妙。（《总微论》）
小儿诸疳，疳积及无辜疳∶一服退热，二服烦渴止，三服泻痢住。用端午午时取蛤蟆（金
眼大腹，不跳不鸣者），槌死，置尿桶
新瓦焙干，入麝香少许，为末。每空心，
三十丸。（《直指》）
齿鼻疳疮∶粪蛆（有尾者）烧灰一钱，褐衣灰五分。和匀，频吹，神效无比。
热痢吐食∶
眼目赤瞎∶青泥中蛆，淘净，日干为末。令患人仰卧合目，每次用一钱，散目上
臾药行，待少时去药，赤瞎亦无。（《保命集》）
利骨取牙∶《普济》
如神散∶取牙，用肥赤马肉一斤，入 砂二两，拌和，候生蛆，取日干为末。每一两入
粉霜
利骨散∶用白马脑上肉一二斤，待生蛆，与乌骨白鸡一只食之，取粪阴干。每一钱，入
砂一钱研匀，用少许擦疼处，片时取之即落。
[Compendium of Materia Medica]
[Names] Xuanju (also written as "Pi"), Pifu.
Li Shizhen said: Ants possess the righteousness between ruler and subjects, hence the character "ant" contains the radical for righteousness. It is also written as "Pi". The large ones are called Pifu, or Ma Yi (horse ants). The red ones are named [Red Ant]. Yang Xiong in *Fangyan* states: In the Qi and Lu regions, they are called [Certain Name]. The *Book of Rites · Monthly Ordinances* states: In the twelfth month, Xuan [Ants] hibernate. This refers to ants entering the soil to overwinter. Large ants enjoy fierce battles, hence the name "Ma Ju" (horse foal); Cui Bao in *Gujin Zhu* subsequently attached the theory of ant demons to this explanation, which is erroneous. Now it is not [elaborated].
[Explanation] Li Shizhen said: Ants are found everywhere. There are several varieties: large, small, black, white, yellow, and red. They live in burrows and lay eggs. Their dwellings have hierarchical orders, and their movements form queues. They can predict rain; they emerge in spring and hibernate in winter. Piling earth into mounds is called "Yi Feng" (ant mound), as well as Yi Die (ant hill), Yi [Zhong] (ant heap), Yi Qiu (ant mound), describing them like mounds, small hills, or [beans]. [Collected and sold to citrus growers] to repel woodworms. Ancient and modern *Wuxing Ji* records: During the Later Wei period, in Yanzhou, red ants fought black ants, stretching six or seven steps long and four [chi] wide. Also according to Chen Cangqi...
[Therapeutic Actions] Carbuncles, sores, and toxic swellings: Crushed and applied topically (Chen Cangqi).
[Appendix] White Ants. Li Shizhen said: White ants are the white variety of ants, also known as [White Ant Alias], or Fei Yi (flying ants). They dwell in underground burrows and feed on rotting wood, hence the [name]. Tongyou (Tung oil), Zhuji (Bamboo Chicken) cloud. [Pronounced Qian]. Yidie Tu (Ant Hill Soil), Baiyi Ni (White Ant Mud) are both listed under the Earth Section.
[Supplement to Materia Medica]
[Explanation] Chen Cangqi said: The insect is as large as a medium-sized ant, red in color, with a dark green-black waist, resembling a dog [louse], with one tail that is pointed, having short wings capable of flight. Present in spring and summer.
[Therapeutic Actions] Possesses great toxicity. When adhering to human skin and flesh, it causes swelling. It peels human facial skin and can remove tattoos/brands down to the bone. It consumes malignant ulcers and polyps, and kills psoriasis parasites (Chen Cangqi).
[Compendium of Materia Medica]
[Names] Li Shizhen said: Maggots move hesitantly, hence they are called Qu (maggot). Some say they arise from damp and muddy places, which is also plausible.
[Explanation] Li Shizhen said: Maggots are the offspring of flies. They are generated wherever matter rots and emits a foul odor. Ancient methods for treating maggots in soy sauce involved throwing slices of Caowu (Aconitum kusnezoffii) into it. Zhang Hezi treated maggots in carbuncles, sores, and ulcers by applying powder of Muxiang Binglang San (Costus and Areca Nut Powder). Li Lou treated maggots in ulcerated smallpox by laying fresh willow leaves on bedding to draw them out. Gao Wu used pork slices to draw them out, then applied powder of Lili (Veratrum nigrum), Guanzhong (Cyathula officinalis), and Bailian (Paeonia suffruticosa var. anomala) mixed with pure sesame oil.
[Flavor and Toxicity] Cold, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Maggots from feces: Treat various types of infant malnutrition (Gan syndrome), Gan sores, delirium in febrile diseases, and toxic dysentery with vomiting.
Maggots from mud: Treat red eyes; wash clean, dry, powder, and apply.
Maggots from horse meat: Treat needles or arrows embedded in flesh, and extract parasitic teeth.
Maggots from toad meat: Treat various infant Gan syndromes (all recorded by Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] Ten new prescriptions.
All Gan Syndromes: *Shengji Zonglu*: Collect maggots from latrine pits in June, wash thoroughly, seal in a bamboo tube, wait until dry, and grind to powder. Take 1-2 qian per dose, add musk, and swallow with rice water. Another method: Use [amount] of maggots, mix with pig bile, and make pills the size of millet seeds. Take 30-40 pills per dose with rice water; miraculous effect.
Infant Heat Gan Syndrome: Urine resembles rice washings, irregular bowel movements. Burn fecal maggots to ash, mix with food and administer.
Infant Bi Accumulation: Use fecal maggots, wash and soak, dry and powder, add a little licorice powder, make pills the size of wutong seeds with rice paste. Take 5-7 pills per dose with rice water; very effective. (*Zongwei Lun*)
Various Infant Gan Syndromes, Gan Accumulation, and Wugu Gan Syndrome: One dose reduces fever, two doses stop thirst and irritability, three doses stop diarrhea and dysentery. Capture toads at noon on Dragon Boat Festival (those with golden eyes, large bellies, not jumping or croaking), crush them, place in a urine bucket [to ferment], bake on new tiles until dry, add a little musk, and powder. Take thirty pills each time on an empty stomach. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
Gan Sores of Teeth and Nose: Burn tailed fecal maggots to ash (1 qian), mix with ash of brown clothes (0.5 qian). Mix evenly and insufflate frequently into the affected area; incomparable miraculous effect.
Heat Dysentery with Vomiting: [Formula omitted]
Red and Blind Eyes: Maggots from blue-green mud, washed clean, dried in sun, and powdered. Have the patient lie supine with eyes closed. Apply 1 qian to the eyes [for a moment]. After the medicine acts, remove it after a short while; redness and blindness will resolve. (*Baoming Ji*)
Benefit Bones and Extract Teeth: *Puji Fang*
Rushen San (Miraculous Efficacy Powder): To extract teeth, use 1 jin of fat red horse meat, add 2 liang of [Nuo] sand (Ammonium chloride), mix, wait for maggots to generate, take, dry in sun, and powder. Add [Qing] powder (Calomel) to every 1 liang.
Libo San (Bone-Benefiting Powder): Use 1-2 jin of brain meat from a white horse, wait for maggots to generate, feed to one black-bone white chicken, collect its feces, dry in shade. Take 1 qian, mix with 1 qian of [Nuo] sand, powder uniformly. Apply a small amount to the painful area; the tooth will fall out in a moment.