（《本经》中品）
【校正】《拾遗》乌烂蚕及茧卤汁，《嘉 》蚕蜕，今并为一。
【释名】自死者名白僵蚕。
时珍曰∶ ，从 ，象
腆，蚯蚓之名也。蚕病风死，其色
屎
曰砂，皮曰蜕，瓮曰茧，蛹曰 （音龟），蛾曰罗，卵曰KT （音允），蚕初出曰 （音苗），
蚕纸曰连也。
【集解】时珍曰∶蚕，孕丝虫也。种类甚多，有大、小、白、乌、斑色之异。其虫属阳，
喜燥恶湿。食而不饮，三眠三起，二十七日而老。自卵出而为
，茧而蛹，蛹而蛾，蛾而卵，卵而复 ，亦有胎生者，与母同老，盖神虫也。南粤有三眠、
四眠、两生、七出、八出者。其茧有黄、白二色。《尔雅
棘茧、栾茧也。 、萧茧也。皆各因所食之叶命名，而蟓即今桑上野蚕也。今之柘蚕与桑蚕
并育，即棘茧是也。
不如蚕丝可以衣被天下，故莫得并称。凡蚕类入药，俱用食桑者。
白僵蚕
【修治】《别录》曰∶生颖
弘景曰∶人家养蚕时，有合箔皆僵者，即暴燥都不坏。今见小白似有盐度者为好。
恭曰∶蚕自僵死，其色自白。陶云似有盐度，误矣。
颂曰∶所在养蚕处有之。不拘早晚，但用白色而条直、食桑叶者佳。用时去丝绵及子，
炒过。
宗
曰∶凡使，先以糯米泔浸一日，待蚕
以布拭净黄肉、毛，并黑口甲了，捣筛如粉，入药。
【气味】咸、辛，平，无毒。
甄权曰∶微温，有小毒。恶
【主治】小儿惊痫夜啼，去三虫，灭黑黯，令人面色好，男子阴痒病（《本经》）。女子
崩中赤白，产后余痛，灭
中白鱼、鹰屎白等分，治疮灭痕（《药性》）。以七枚为末，酒服，治中风失音，并一
小儿客忤，男子阴痒痛，女子带下（《日华》）。焙研姜汁调灌，
立愈（苏颂）。散风痰结核瘰 ，头风，风虫齿
乳汁不通，崩中下血，小儿疳蚀
【发明】元素曰∶僵蚕性微温，味微辛，气味俱薄，轻浮而升，阳中之阳，故能去皮肤
诸风如虫行。
震亨曰∶僵蚕属火，兼土与金、木。老得金气，僵而不化。治喉痹者，取其清化之气，
从治相火，散浊逆结滞之痰也。
王贶曰∶凡咽喉肿痛及喉痹，用此下咽立愈，无不效也。大能救人。吴 《内翰》云∶
屡
时珍曰∶僵蚕，蚕之病风者也。治风化痰，散结行经，所谓因其气相感，而以意使之者
也。又人指甲软薄者，用此烧烟熏之则浓，亦是此义。盖厥阴、阳明之药，故又治诸血病、
疟病、疳病也。
【附方】旧十五，新十九。
一切风痰∶白僵蚕七个（直者），细研，姜汁一茶脚，温水调灌之。（《胜金方》）
小儿惊风∶白僵蚕、蝎梢等分，天雄尖、附子尖共一钱。微炮为末。每服一字，或半钱，
以
风痰喘嗽，夜不能卧∶白僵蚕（炒研）、好茶末各一两，为末。每用五钱，卧时泡沸汤
服。
（《瑞竹堂方》）
酒后咳嗽∶白僵蚕焙研末，每茶服一钱。（《怪证奇方》）
喉风喉痹∶《仁存》∶开关散∶用白僵蚕（炒）、白矾（半生半烧）等分，为末。每以一
钱，
用自然姜汁调灌，得吐顽痰，立效。小儿加薄荷、生姜少许，同调。一方用白梅肉和丸，绵
裹含之，咽汁也。《朱氏集验》∶用白僵蚕
立愈。《圣惠》∶用白僵蚕三七枚，乳香一分
急喉风痹∶王氏《博济》如圣散∶用白僵蚕、天南星（刮皮）等分，生研为末。每服一字，
姜汁调灌，涎出即愈。后以生姜炙过，含之，《百一选方》无南星。
撮口噤风∶面黄赤，气喘，啼声不出。由胎气挟热，流毒心脾，故令舌强唇青，聚口发
噤。用直僵蚕二枚去嘴，略炒为末。蜜调敷
大头风、小儿惊风∶并用大蒜七个，先烧红地，以蒜逐个于地上磨成膏。却以僵蚕一两
（去头、足）安蒜上，碗覆一夜，勿令泄气，只取蚕研末。每用 鼻，口内含水，有效。（《普
济
偏正头风并夹脑风，连两太阳穴痛∶《圣惠方》∶用白僵蚕为末，葱茶调服方寸匕。
叶椿治头风∶用白僵蚕、高良姜等分，为末。每服一钱，临卧时茶服，日二服。
猝然头痛∶白僵蚕为末去丝。每用熟水下二钱，立瘥。（《斗门方》）
牙齿疼痛∶白僵蚕（直者）、生姜同炒赤黄色，去姜为末。以皂角水调擦之，即止。（《普
济》）
风虫牙痛∶白直僵蚕（炒）、蚕蜕纸（烧）等分。为末。擦之。良久，以盐汤漱口。（《直
指方》）
疟疾不止∶白僵蚕（直者）一个。切作七段，绵裹为丸，朱砂为衣，作一服。日未出时，
面向东，用桃、李枝七寸煎汤，吞下。（《院方》）
腹内龟病∶《普济方》诗云∶人间龟病不堪言，肚里生成硬似砖。自死僵
不过时刻软如绵。神效。
面上黑黯∶白僵蚕末，水和搽之。（《圣惠方》）
粉滓面 ∶令人面色好，用白僵蚕、黑牵牛、细辛等分，为末。如澡豆，日用之。（《斗
门方》）
瘾疹风疮∶疼痛。白僵蚕焙研，酒服一钱，立瘥。（《圣惠》）
野火丹毒从背上两胁起者∶僵蚕二七枚，和慎火草捣涂。（杨氏《产乳》）
小儿鳞体∶皮肤如蛇皮鳞甲之状，由气血否涩，亦曰胎垢，又曰蛇体。白僵蚕，去嘴，
为末，煎汤浴之。一加蛇蜕。（《保幼大全》）
小儿久疳体虚不食∶诸病后，天柱骨倒，医者不识，谓之五软者。用白僵蚕（直者），
炒研。每服半钱，薄荷酒下。名金灵散。（《郑氏方》）
小儿口疮通白者∶白僵蚕，炒黄。拭去黄肉、毛，研末，蜜和敷之，立效。（《小儿宫
气方》）
风疳蚀疮∶同上方。
项上瘰 ∶白僵蚕为末。水服五分，日三服。十日瘥。（《外台》）
风痔肿痛∶发、歇不定者，是也。白僵蚕二两。洗锉，炒黄为末，乌梅肉和丸梧桐子大。
每姜蜜汤空心下五丸，妙。（《胜金方》）
一切金疮及刀斧伤∶白僵蚕炒黄研末，敷之立愈。（《斗门》）
乳汁不通∶白僵蚕末二钱，酒服。少顷，以脂麻茶一盏热投之，梳头数十遍，奶汁如
泉也。（《经验后方》）
崩中下血不止∶用白僵蚕、衣中白鱼等分。为末。井华水服之，日二。（《千金》）
重舌木舌∶僵蚕，为末，吹之，吐痰甚妙。一方∶僵蚕一钱，黄连（蜜炒）二钱，为末。
掺之，涎出为妙。（陆氏《积德方》）
肠风下血∶僵蚕（炒，去嘴、足）、乌梅肉（焙）各一两，为末，米糊丸梧子大。每服
(Registered as Middle Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Correction] The "Wu Lcan Can" (Black Rotten Silkworm) and cocoon brine juice recorded in *Haiyao Bencao*, and the silkworm slough recorded in *Jiayou Bencao*, are now combined into one category.
[Names] Naturally dead ones are called Bai Jiang Can (White Stiff Silkworm).
Li Shizhen said: The character "Jiang" (Stiff), derived from "Jiang" (Boundary/Line), resembles the shape of its swollen abdomen; it is also a name for the earthworm. When a silkworm dies from wind-pathogen disease, its color becomes white; its feces are called "Sha" (Sand), its skin is called "Tui" (Slough), its house is called "Jian" (Cocoon), its pupa is called "Qi" (pronounced Gui), its moth is called "Luo", its egg is called "Yun" (pronounced Yun), the newly hatched larva is called "Zhu" (pronounced Miao), and the paper used for raising silkworms is called "Lian".
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen said: The silkworm is an insect that produces silk. There are many varieties, differing in size, color (white, black, spotted). This insect belongs to Yang, preferring dryness and disliking dampness. It eats but does not drink, undergoes three sleeps and three awakenings, and matures in twenty-seven days. Hatching from eggs into larvae, spinning cocoons to become pupae, pupae transforming into moths, moths laying eggs, and eggs reverting to larvae, there are also viviparous types that die with their mothers; these can be considered divine insects. In Southern Yue, there are varieties with three sleeps, four sleeps, two births, seven emergences, and eight emergences. Their cocoons come in yellow and white colors. *Erya* records: Ji Jian (Spiny Cocoon), Luan Jian. Xiao Jian. These are all named according to the leaves they eat, and "Xiang" refers to the current wild silkworm on mulberry trees. The current Tuo Can (Mulberry Silkworm) and Sang Can are raised together, which corresponds to the Ji Jian type. However, they are not equal to silk which covers the world, so they are not mentioned together. For medicinal use of silkworms, only those feeding on mulberry leaves are used.
Bai Jiang Can (White Stiff Silworm)
[Preparation] *Mingyi Bielu* states: Produced in Yingchuan and other places.
Tao Hongjing said: When people raise silkworms, if all silkworms on a whole tray stiffen and die, they can be sun-dried without rotting. Currently, those that are small, white, and appear to have a frosty salt-like coating are considered good.
Su Gong said: Silkworms naturally stiffen and die, turning white. Tao Hongjing's description of a salt-like coating is incorrect.
Su Song said: They are found in places where silkworms are raised everywhere. Time does not matter; those that are white, straight, and feed on mulberry leaves are best. Before use, remove the silk floss and excrement, stir-fry, and then use.
Cheng Cheng said: To prepare this herb, first soak it in rice washing water for one day. When the silkworm body softens, wipe clean the yellow flesh and hairs with a cloth, along with the black mouthparts and claws. Crush and sieve into powder for medicinal use.
[Flavor and Properties] Salty, Pungent, Neutral, Non-toxic.
Zhen Quan said: Slightly Warm, slightly toxic. Dislikes Dahuang (Rhubarb Root).
[Indications] Pediatric convulsions and night crying, expelling the Three Worms, removing dark spots and blemishes, improving complexion, treating male genital itching (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Female metrorrhagia with red and white discharge, postpartum residual pain, removing [scars/blemishes], Baiyu (Clothes Moth Larvae) and Yingshi Bai (Eagle Droppings White) in equal parts, treating sores and removing scars (*Yaoxing Lun*). Using seven pieces crushed into powder, taken with wine, treats stroke-induced aphonia, and [pediatric fright], male genital itching and pain, female leukorrhea (*Rihua Bencao*). Roasted, crushed, mixed with ginger juice and administered, cures immediately (Su Song). Disperses wind-phlegm, tubercles, scrofula, headache due to wind, dental pain due to wind-worms, lactation obstruction, metrorrhagia, pediatric malnutrition ulcers... [Text missing].
[Elucidation] Zhang Yuansu said: Jiang Can has a slightly warm nature and slightly pungent flavor. Its qi and flavor are both thin, light and ascending, belonging to Yang within Yang. Therefore, it can dispel various winds from the skin, such as the sensation of insects crawling.
Zhu Zhenheng said: Jiang Can belongs to Fire, incorporating Earth, Metal, and Wood energies. Having matured to obtain Metal energy, it stiffens without decomposing. In treating throat obstruction (Hou Bi), its clearing and transforming qi is utilized to subdue ministerial fire and dissipate turbid, counter-flowing, stagnant phlegm.
Wang Kuang said: For any throat swelling, pain, and throat obstruction, swallowing this herb brings immediate cure with no failure. It greatly saves lives. Wu Neihan stated: Frequently... [Text missing].
Li Shizhen said: Jiang Can is a silkworm afflicted by wind. It treats wind-phlegm, dissipates nodules, and unblocks meridians. This is what is meant by "responding to its qi and guiding it by intention." Furthermore, human fingernails that are soft and thin become thick when smoked with this herb, following the same principle. It is likely a herb of the Jueyin and Yangming meridians, thus also treating various blood diseases, malaria, and malnutrition diseases.
[Attached Prescriptions] Fifteen old prescriptions, nineteen new prescriptions.
All Wind-Phlegm: Seven Bai Jiang Can (straight ones), finely ground, mixed with one tea-foot measure of ginger juice, diluted with warm water and administered. (*Shengjin Fang*)
Pediatric Convulsions: Equal parts Bai Jiang Can and Xie Shao (Scorpion Tail Tip), plus Tianxiong Jian (Aconite Lateral Root Tip) and Fuzi Jian (Aconite Main Root Tip) totaling one qian. Lightly roasted and ground. Each dose is one zi or half a qian, taken with... [Text missing].
Wind-Phlegm Wheezing and Cough, inability to lie down at night: One liang each of Bai Jiang Can (stir-fried and ground) and Hao Cha (Good Tea Powder). Ground into powder. Use five qian each time, steep in boiling water and take before sleep. (*Ruizhutang Fang*)
Cough after Alcohol Consumption: Bai Jiang Can roasted and ground into powder, taken with tea, one qian per dose. (*Guai Zheng Qi Fang*)
Hou Feng (Throat Wind) and Hou Bi (Throat Obstruction): *Ren Cun Fang*: Kai Guan San (Opening the Gate Powder): Equal parts Bai Jiang Can (stir-fried) and Baifan (Alum, half raw half calcined). Ground into powder. Take one qian each time, mix with natural ginger juice and administer. Vomiting out stubborn phlegm leads to immediate effect. Add a little Bohe (Mint) and Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) for children, mixed together. Another prescription uses Rou Baimei (White Plum Flesh) to form pills, wrapped in cotton and held in the mouth to swallow the juice. *Zhu Shi Ji Yan Fang*: Uses Bai Jiang Can... [Text missing] Cures immediately. *Shenghui Fang*: Uses thirty-seven pieces of Bai Jiang Can and one fen of Ruxiang (Frankincense)... [Text missing].
Acute Throat Wind and Obstruction: Wang Shi's *Boji Fang* Ru Sheng San (Like Sage Powder): Equal parts Bai Jiang Can and Tiannanxing (Arisaema Rhizome, peeled). Raw and ground into powder. Take one zi each time, mixed with ginger juice and administered. Recovery occurs when saliva flows. Afterwards, hold roasted fresh ginger in the mouth. *Bai Yi Xuan Fang* omits Tiannanxing.
Cuokou Jin Feng (Sucking Mouth and Locked Jaw Wind): Yellow-red face, panting, inability to cry. Caused by fetal heat carrying toxins to the Heart and Spleen, causing stiff tongue, blue lips, and locked jaw. Use two straight Bai Jiang Can, remove the head, lightly roast and grind into powder. Mix with honey and apply... [Text missing].
Datou Feng (Big Head Wind) and Pediatric Convulsions: Use seven cloves of Garlic. First, heat the ground until red, then rub each clove on the ground to make a paste. Place one liang of Bai Jiang Can (remove head and feet) on the garlic, cover with a bowl for one night, ensuring no air escapes. Only take the silkworm, grind into powder. Each time... [Text missing] nose, hold water in mouth, effective. (*Pujifang*)
Pian Zheng Toufeng (One-sided or Central Headache) and Jiannaofeng (Brain-clamping Wind), pain extending to both Taiyang acupoints: *Shenghui Fang*: Use Bai Jiang Can ground into powder, taken with Scallion and Tea mixture, one cun bi measure.
Ye Chun treating Headache: Equal parts Bai Jiang Can and Gaoliangjiang (Galangal). Ground into powder. Take one qian each time, with tea before sleep, twice daily.
Sudden Headache: Bai Jiang Can ground into powder, remove silk. Take two qian with cooked water, cures immediately. (*Doumen Fang*)
Toothache: Straight Bai Jiang Can and Fresh Ginger stir-fried together until reddish-yellow. Remove ginger, grind into powder. Apply with Zaojiao Water (Gleditsia Sinensis Water) to brush teeth, stops pain immediately. (*Pujifang*)
Wind-Worm Toothache: Stir-fried Bai Zhijiang Can (Straight White Stiff Silkworm) and Cantui Zhi (Silkworm Slough Paper, burned) in equal parts. Grind into powder. Apply. After some time, rinse mouth with salt water. (*Zhizhi Fang*)
Incessant Malaria: One straight Bai Jiang Can. Cut into seven segments, wrap in cotton to form a pill, coat with Zhusha (Cinnabar). One dose. Before sunrise, facing East, decoct seven cun of Peach and Plum branches in water, swallow the pill. (*Yuan Fang*)
Abdominal Gui Disease (Abdominal Lump resembling Turtle): *Pujifang* poem says: The Gui disease in the world is unbearable to speak of, hard like a brick formed inside the belly. Self-dead stiff silkworm... [Text missing] Becomes soft as cotton within moments. Divine effect.
Dark Blemishes on Face: Bai Jiang Can powder, mix with water and apply. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Fenzi Mian... [Text missing]: Improves complexion. Use equal parts Bai Jiang Can, Heiqianniu (Black Morning Glory Seed), and Xixin (Asarum). Grind into powder. Use like bath soap daily. (*Doumen Fang*)
Yinzhen Fengchuang (Urticaria and Wind Sores): Painful. Bai Jiang Can roasted and ground, taken with wine, one qian, cures immediately. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Yehuo Dandu (Wild Fire Erysipelas) starting from back and flanks: Forty-two (2x21) Jiang Can, pounded with Shenhuo Cao (Artemisia argyi?) and applied. (Yang Shi *Chanru Fang*)
Pediatric Lin Ti (Scaled Body): Skin resembles snake scales, caused by Qi and Blood stagnation, also called Tai Gou (Fetal Dirt) or She Ti (Snake Body). Bai Jiang Can, remove head, grind into powder, decoct in water for bathing. Add Cantui (Silkworm Slough). (*Baoyou Daquan*)
Pediatric Chronic Malnutrition, Weakness, Anorexia: After various illnesses, collapse of the Tianzhu Bone (neck), unrecognized by doctors, called Wu Ruan (Five Softnesses). Use straight Bai Jiang Can, roast and grind. Take half a qian each time, with Mint Wine. Named Jinling San. (*Zheng Shi Fang*)
Pediatric Oral Ulcers covering the whole mouth: Bai Jiang Can, roasted until yellow. Wipe off yellow flesh and hairs, grind into powder, mix with honey and apply, immediate effect. (*Xiao'er Gongqi Fang*)
Wind-Malnutrition Eroding Sores: Same as above.
Neck Scrofula (Luoli): Bai Jiang Can ground into powder. Taken with water, five fen each time, three times daily. Cures in ten days. (*Waitai Mi Yao*)
Wind-Hemorrhoid Swelling and Pain: Intermittent onset. Two liang of Bai Jiang Can. Wash and chop, roast until yellow, grind into powder. Mix with Wumei Rou (Dark Plum Flesh) to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take five pills each time on an empty stomach with Ginger-Honey Water. Excellent. (*Shengjin Fang*)
All Metal Wounds and Axe/Cut Injuries: Bai Jiang Can roasted until yellow, ground into powder, applied, cures immediately. (*Doumen Fang*)
Lactation Obstruction: Two qian of Bai Jiang Can powder, taken with wine. Shortly after, drink a cup of hot Sesame Tea, comb hair dozens of times, milk flows like a spring. (*Jingyan Houfang*)
Metrorrhagia with Unceasing Bleeding: Equal parts Bai Jiang Can and Yizhong Baiyu (White Fish in Clothes). Grind into powder. Take well-water (Jinghua Shui), twice daily. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Chongshe Mutongshe (Double Tongue and Wooden Tongue): Jiang Can ground into powder, insufflated into the mouth, expectorating phlegm is excellent. Another prescription: One qian Jiang Can, two qian Huanglian (Licorice-fried Coptis), ground into powder. Sprinkle, expectoration of saliva is excellent. (Lu Shi *Jide Fang*)
Changfeng Xiexue (Intestinal Wind with Lower Bleeding): Stir-fried Jiang Can (remove head and feet), baked Wumei Rou (Dark Plum Flesh), one liang each. Grind into powder, bind with Rice Paste into pills the size of Sophora seeds. Each... [Text missing]