（《本经》中品）
【释名】虻虫（蜚与飞同）。
【集解】《别录》曰∶蜚虻生江夏川谷。五月取。腹有血者良。
弘景曰∶此即方家所用虻虫，啖牛马血者。伺其腹满，掩取干之。
恭曰∶水虻、蜚虻、鹿虻，俱食牛马血，非独此也。但得即堪用之，何假血充，应如养
鹰，饥即为用。若伺其饱，何能除疾？
宗 曰∶蜚虻今人多用之。大如蜜蜂，腹凹褊，微黄绿色。雄、霸州、顺安军、沿塘泺
界河甚多。以其惟食牛马等血，故治瘀血血闭也。
时珍曰∶采用须从陶说。苏恭以饥鹰为喻，比拟殊乖。
【修治】大明曰∶入丸、散，去翅、足，炒熟用。
【气味】苦，微寒，有毒。
之才曰∶恶麻黄。
【主治】逐瘀血，破血积，坚痞症瘕，寒热，通利血脉及
女子月水不通，积聚，除贼血在胸腹五脏者，及喉痹结塞（《别录》）
堕胎（《日华》）。
【发明】颂曰∶《淮南子》云∶虻散积血，斫木愈龋。此以类推也。时珍曰∶按∶刘河
间云∶虻食血而治血，因其性而为用也。成无己云∶苦走血。血结不行者，以苦攻之。故治
蓄血用虻虫，乃肝经血分药也。古方多用，今人稀使。
【附方】旧二，新一。
蛇螫血出，九窍皆有者
病笃去胎∶虻虫十枚，炙，捣为末。酒服，胎即下。（《产乳》）
扑坠瘀血∶虻虫二十枚，牡丹皮一两，为末。酒服方寸匕，血化为水也。若久宿血在骨
节中者，二味等分。（《备急方》）
【附录】扁前 《别录》有名未用曰∶味甘，有毒。主鼠 、癃闭，利水道。生山陵
中。状如牛虻，赤翼
蚊子
时珍曰∶蚊处处有之。冬蛰夏出，昼伏夜飞，细身利喙，咂人肤血，大为人害。一名白
鸟
也。龟、鳖畏之，荧火、蝙蝠食之。故煮鳖入数枚，即易烂也。
藏器曰∶岭南有蚊子木，叶如冬青，实如枇杷，熟则蚊出。塞北有蚊母草，叶中有血虫
，化而为蚊。江东有蚊母鸟，一名 ，每吐蚊一、二升也。
蚋子
时珍曰∶按∶元稹《长庆集》云∶蜀中小蚊名蚋子，又小而黑者为蟆子。微不可见与尘
相浮
敷之则瘥。又祝穆《方舆胜览》云∶云南乌蒙峡中多毒蛇，鳞中有虫名黄蝇，有毒，啮人成
疮。但勿搔
(Recorded in the Middle Category of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**Name:** Meng Chong (Fei is synonymous with Fei, meaning fly).
**Collection:** *Bielu* states: Fei Meng grows in the rivers and valleys of Jiangxia. It is collected in May. Those with blood in the abdomen are of good quality.
Tao Hongjing says: This is the Meng Chong used by physicians, which feeds on the blood of cattle and horses. Capture it when its abdomen is full and dry it.
Su Gong says: Shui Meng (Water Fly), Fei Meng, and Lu Meng all feed on the blood of cattle and horses; this is not unique to this species. As long as they are obtained, they can be used. Why must one wait for them to be filled with blood? It is like raising hawks; use them when hungry. If one waits for them to be full, how can they cure diseases?
Zong says: Nowadays, people mostly use Fei Meng. They are as large as bees, with concave and flattened abdomens, slightly yellowish-green in color. There are many in Xiongzhou, Bazhou, Shun'an Jun, and along the Tangle Bojie River. Because they only feed on the blood of cattle and horses, they treat blood stasis and amenorrhea.
Shizhen says: The method of collection should follow Tao's explanation. Su Gong's analogy of a hungry hawk is quite inappropriate.
**Processing:** Daming says: For pills and powders, remove wings and legs, stir-fry until cooked, and then use.
**Nature and Flavor:** Bitter, slightly cold, toxic.
Zhicai says: Dislikes Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄).
**Indications:** Drives out blood stasis, breaks up blood accumulations, treats hard masses and growths (Jian Pi Zheng Jia, 坚痞症瘕), alternating chills and fever, unblocks and benefits the vessels and collaterals, treats amenorrhea in women, accumulations, removes "thief blood" from the chest, abdomen, and five zang organs, and treats throat obstruction and blockage (*Bielu*).
Causes abortion (*Rihua*).
**Elucidation:** Song says: *Huainanzi* states: "Meng disperses accumulated blood; chopping wood heals dental caries." This is derived by analogy. Shizhen says: According to Liu Hejian: "Meng feeds on blood and treats blood disorders, utilizing its nature for its function." Cheng Wuji says: "Bitter flavors enter the blood. For blood結结 (blood stagnation) that does not move, attack it with bitter flavors. Therefore, using Meng Chong to treat retained blood indicates it is a medicine for the blood aspect of the Liver Meridian." It was widely used in ancient formulas but is rarely used today.
**Attached Formulas:** Two old formulas, one new formula.
For snake bites with bleeding from all nine orifices:
Severe condition requiring abortion: Ten Meng Chong, roasted, pounded into powder. Take with wine; the fetus will be expelled. (*Chanru*)
Traumatic injury with blood stasis: Twenty Meng Chong, one liang of Moutan Cortex (Danpi), pounded into powder. Take one fangcun bi with wine; the blood will transform into water. For old retained blood in the joints, use equal parts of both ingredients. (*Beiji Fang*)
**Appendix:** Pre-Bianque *Bielu* lists an item "named but unused": Sweet in flavor, toxic. Treats scrofula and strangury, promotes urination. Grows in hills and mountains. Shape resembles the horsefly, with red wings.
Mosquito
Shizhen says: Mosquitoes are found everywhere. They hibernate in winter and emerge in summer, hiding during the day and flying at night. They have slender bodies and sharp proboscises, sucking human skin blood, causing great harm to humans. Also known as Bai Niao. Turtles and turtles fear them; fireflies and bats eat them. Thus, when boiling turtle meat, adding a few mosquitoes makes it rot easily.
Cangqi says: In Lingnan, there is a mosquito tree; its leaves resemble Ilex cornuta (Dongqing), and its fruits resemble loquats. When ripe, mosquitoes emerge. In the north, there is a mosquito mother herb; blood insects in its leaves transform into mosquitoes. In Jiangdong, there is a mosquito mother bird, also known as [missing character], which vomits one or two sheng of mosquitoes each time.
Small flies (Ruizi)
Shizhen says: According to Yuan Zhen's *Changqing Ji*: Small mosquitoes in Shu are called Ruizi; those even smaller and blacker are called Mazizi. They are so small they are invisible, floating with dust. Applying them cures the condition. Also, according to Zhu Mu's *Fangyu Shenglan*: In Wumeng Gorge, Yunnan, there are many venomous snakes. Among their scales are insects called Huangying (Yellow Flies), which are toxic and bite people into ulcers. Just do not scratch...