（《本经》下品）
【释名】黄丹（弘景）、丹粉（《唐本》）、朱粉（《纲目》）、铅华。
【正误】见粉锡下。
【集解】《别录》曰∶铅丹生于铅，出蜀郡平泽。
弘景曰∶即今熬铅所作黄丹也。俗方稀用，惟仙经涂丹釜所须。云化成九光者，当谓九
光丹以为釜尔，无别法也。
宗 曰∶铅丹化铅而成，《别录》言生于铅，则苏恭炒锡作成之说误矣。不为难辨，锡
则色黯，铅则明白，以此为异。
时珍曰∶按独孤滔《丹房镜源》云∶炒铅丹法∶用铅一斤，土硫黄十两，硝石一两。熔
铅成汁，下醋点之，滚沸时下硫一块，少顷下硝少许，沸定再点醋，依前下少许硝、黄，待
为末，则成丹矣。今人以作铅粉不尽者，用硝石、矾石炒成丹。若转丹为铅，只用连须葱白
汁拌丹慢煎， 成金汁倾出，即还铅矣。货者多以盐硝砂石杂之。凡用以水漂去硝盐，飞去
砂石，澄干，微火炒紫色，地上去火毒，入药。《会典》云∶黑铅一斤，烧丹一斤五钱三分
也。
【气味】辛，微寒，无毒。
大明曰∶微咸，凉，无毒。伏砒，制 、硫。
震亨曰∶一妇因多子，月内服铅丹二两，四肢冰冷，食不入口。时正仲冬，急服理中汤
加附子数十帖乃安。谓之凉无毒可乎？
时珍曰∶铅丹本无甚毒，此妇产后冬月服之过剂，其病宜矣。
【主治】吐逆胃反，惊痫癫疾，除热下气，炼化还成九光，久服通神明
（《本经》）。止小便，除毒热脐挛，金疮血溢（《别录》）。
惊悸狂走，消渴。煎膏用，止痛生肌（甄权）。镇心安神，止吐血及嗽，敷疮长肉，及
汤火疮，染须（大明）。治疟及久积（宗 ）。
坠痰杀虫，去怯除忤恶，止痢明目（时珍）。
【发明】成无己曰∶仲景龙骨牡蛎汤中用铅丹，乃收敛神气以镇惊也。
好古曰∶涩可去脱而固气。
时珍曰∶铅丹体重而性沉，味兼盐、矾，走血分，能坠痰去怯，故治惊痫癫狂、吐逆反
胃有奇功。能消积杀虫，故治疳疾下痢疟疾有实绩。能解热拔毒，长肉去瘀，故治恶疮肿毒
，及入膏药，为外科必用之物也。
【附方】旧八，新二十五。
消渴烦乱∶黄丹，新汲水服一钱，以荞麦粥压之。（《圣惠方》）
吐逆不止∶碧霞丹∶用北黄丹四两，米醋半升，煎干，炭火三秤，就铫内 红，冷定为
末，粟米饭丸梧子大。每服七丸，醋汤下。（《集验方》）伏暑霍乱∶水浸丹，见木部巴豆下。
小儿吐逆不止，宜此清镇。烧针丸∶用黄丹研末，小枣肉和丸芡子大。每以一丸，针签于灯
上烧过，研细，乳汁调下。一加朱砂、枯矾等分。（谢氏《小儿方》）
反胃气逆∶胃虚。铅丹二两，白矾二两，生石亭脂半两。以丹、矾研匀，入坩锅内，以
炭半秤 赤，更养一夜，出毒两日，入亭脂同研，粟米饭和丸绿豆大。每日米饮下十五丸。
（《圣济录》）
泄泻下痢赤白。用枣肉捣烂，入黄丹、白矾各皂子大，粳米饭一团，和丸弹子大，铁线
穿，于灯上烧过，为末。米饮服之。（《摘玄方》）
赤白痢下∶黄丹（炒紫）、黄连（炒）等分。为末，以糊丸麻子大。每服五十丸，生姜、
甘草汤下。（《普济方》）
妊娠下痢疼痛∶用乌鸡卵一个，开孔去白留黄，入铅丹五钱搅匀，泥裹煨干研末。每服
二钱，米饮下。一服愈，是男；二服愈，是女。（《三因方》）吐血咯血咳血∶黄丹，新汲水
服一钱。（《经验方》）
寒热疟疾，体虚汗多者。黄丹、百草霜等分，为末。发日，空心米饮服三钱，不过二服
愈。或糊丸，或蒜丸，皆效。《肘后方》∶用飞炒黄丹一两，恒山末三两，蜜丸梧子大。每服
五十丸，温酒下。平旦及未发、将发时，各一服，无不效。《普济方》∶端午日，用黄丹（炒）
二两，独蒜一百个，捣丸梧子大。每服九丸，空心长流水面东下。二、三发后乃用，神效。
亦治痢疾。
《三因方》∶用黄丹（炒）、建茶等分。为末。温酒服二钱。又黄丹飞焙，面糊丸芡子大。
每枣子一枚，去核，包一丸，纸裹煨熟食之。
温疟不止∶黄丹（炒）半两，青蒿（童尿浸）二两，为末。每服二钱，寒多酒服，热多
茶服。
（《仁存堂方》）
小儿瘅疟，壮热不寒。黄丹二钱，蜜水和服，冷者酒服，名鬼哭丹。（《刘涓子鬼遗方》）
风痫发止∶驱风散∶用铅丹二两，白矾二两，为末。用三角砖相斗，以七层纸铺砖上
，铺丹于纸上，矾铺丹上，以十斤柳木柴烧过为度，取研。每服二钱，温酒下。（王氏《博
济方》）
客忤中恶，道间门外得之，令人心腹刺痛，气冲心胸胀满，不治害人。
真丹方寸匕，蜜三合，和灌之。（《肘后方》）
一切目疾∶昏障，治；只障，不治。蜂蜜半斤，铜锅熬起紫色块，入飞过真黄丹二两，
水一碗，再炼，至水气尽，以细生绢铺薄纸一层，滤净，瓶封埋地内三七。每日点眼七次，
药粘则洗之。一方∶入诃子肉四个。（《保寿堂方》）
赤眼痛∶黄丹，蜂蜜调贴太阳穴，立效。（《明目经验方》）
赤目及翳∶铅丹、白矾等分，为末点之。又方∶铅丹、乌贼骨等分，合研，
白蜜蒸点之。（《千金方》）
眼生珠管∶铅丹半两，鲤鱼胆汁和如膏。日点三、五次。（《圣惠方》）
痘疹生翳∶黄丹、轻粉等分，为末。吹少许入耳内，左患吹右，右患吹左。（《疹痘方》）
小儿重舌∶黄丹一豆大，安舌下。（《子母秘录》）
小儿口疮糜烂∶黄丹一钱，生蜜一两，相和蒸黑。每以鸡毛蘸搽，甚效。（《普济方》）
腋下胡臭∶黄丹入轻粉，唾调，频掺之。（《普济方》）
妇人逆产∶真丹涂儿足下。（《集验方》）
蚰蜓入耳∶黄丹、酥、蜜、杏仁等分，熬膏。绵裹包塞之，闻香即出，抽取。（《圣惠
方》）
蝎虿螫人∶醋调黄丹涂之。（《肘后方》）
金疮出血∶不可以药速合，则内溃伤肉。只以黄丹、滑石等分，为末敷之。（《集玄方》）
外痔肿痛∶黄丹、滑石等分，为末。新汲水调，日五上之。（《婴童百问》）
血风 疮∶黄丹一两，黄蜡一两，香油五钱，熬膏。先以葱、椒汤洗，贴之，（陆氏《积
德堂方》）
远近 疮∶黄丹（飞炒）、黄柏（酒浸七日，焙）各一两，轻粉半两。研细。以苦茶洗
净，轻粉填满，次用黄丹护之，外以柏末摊膏贴之，勿揭动，一七见效。（孙氏《集效方》）
[Classified as Lower Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*]
**Names**: Huangdan (Tao Hongjing), Danfen (*Tang Bencao*), Zhufen (*Bencao Gangmu*), Qianhua.
**Correction of Errors**: See under the entry for Fenxi.
**Collected Explanations**: *Bielu* states: "Qiandan is produced from lead and originates from Pingze in Shujun."
Tao Hongjing stated: "It is the Huangdan made by roasting lead today. It is rarely used in folk prescriptions, only required in Daoist alchemy for coating cinnabar furnaces. The claim that it transforms into Jiuguang (Nine-Light) Dan refers to using Jiuguang Dan to coat the furnace, with no other method involved."
Su Song stated: "Qiandan is transformed from lead. *Bielu*'s statement that it is born from lead indicates that Su Gong's theory of making it by roasting tin is incorrect. This is not difficult to distinguish; tin appears dark, while lead is bright and white, which serves as the distinction."
Li Shizhen stated: "According to Dugu Tao's *Danfang Jingyuan*, the method for roasting Qiandan is: Use one jin of lead, ten liang of native sulfur, and one liang of saltpeter. Melt the lead until liquid, add vinegar dropwise to react, when boiling, add a piece of sulfur, after a short while add a little saltpeter, when boiling stops add vinegar again, following the previous method add a little more saltpeter and sulfur, wait until it becomes powder, then the Dan is formed. Nowadays, people use the residue from making Qianfen, adding saltpeter and alum, roasting it into Dan. To revert Dan back to lead, simply mix Qiandan with juice from green onion whites (with roots) and slowly simmer; pouring out the golden liquid restores the lead. Merchants often mix salt, saltpeter, and sand/stone with it. For medicinal use, wash with water to remove saltpeter and salt, fly away sand/stone, clarify and dry, stir-fry over low fire until purple, place on the ground to remove fire toxicity, then enter medicine. *Daming Huidian* records: One jin of black lead burns into one jin five qian three fen of Dan."
**Flavor and Nature**: Pungent, slightly cold, non-toxic.
Kou Zongshi stated: Slightly salty, cool, non-toxic. Can restrain arsenic, control mercury, and sulfur.
Zhu Zhenheng stated: "A woman who had many children took two liang of Qiandan within a month, resulting in cold limbs and inability to eat. It was mid-winter, and she urgently took dozens of doses of Lizhong Tang added with Fuzi before stabilizing. How can one say it is cool and non-toxic?"
Li Shizhen stated: "Qiandan originally has little toxicity. This postpartum woman taking an excessive dose in winter naturally resulted in this illness."
**Indications**: Vomiting and reverse qi, gastric reflux (food vomited immediately after eating), convulsions, epilepsy, clearing heat, directing qi downward, refining can transform it back into Jiuguang Dan; long-term use opens the spirit (Shennong Bencao Jing). Stops frequent urination, removes toxic heat and umbilical spasms, stops bleeding from metal wounds (Bielu).
Palpitations, mania/wandering, wasting-thirst syndrome. Used in decocted plasters, stops pain and generates flesh (Zhen Quan). Calms the heart and spirit, stops hematemesis and cough, applies to sores to grow flesh, and treats burns/scalds, dyes hair (Kou Zongshi). Treats malaria and chronic accumulations (Su Song).
Descends phlegm, kills parasites, removes fear and evil influences, stops dysentery, brightens eyes (Li Shizhen).
**Elucidation**: Cheng Wuji stated: "In Zhang Zhongjing's Longgu Muli Tang, Qiandan is used to gather and calm the spirit to suppress fright."
Li Gao stated: "Astringency can remove slippage and consolidate qi."
Li Shizhen stated: "Qiandan is heavy in weight and sinking in nature, its flavor combines salt and alum, enters the blood level, descends phlegm and dispels fear, thus having miraculous effects in treating convulsions, epilepsy, mania, vomiting, and reverse qi. It eliminates accumulations and kills parasites, thus having practical efficacy in treating gan disease, dysentery, and malaria. It resolves heat and draws out toxins, grows flesh and removes stasis, thus treating malignant sores and swelling/toxins, and entering plasters, it is a necessary item in external medicine."
**Attached Prescriptions**: Eight old, twenty-five new.
Wasting-thirst with vexation/confusion: Huangdan, take one qian with fresh well water, suppress with buckwheat porridge. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Unstoppable vomiting: Bixia Dan: Use four liang of Northern Huangdan, half sheng of rice vinegar, decoct until dry, roast over charcoal fire equivalent to three cheng, until red in the ding vessel, cool and grind to powder, mix with millet rice paste to make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take seven pills each time, down with vinegar water. (*Jiyan Fang*) Summer-heat stroke with cholera-like symptoms: Shuijin Dan, see under Castor Bean in the Wood section.
Infant unstoppable vomiting, suitable for this clearing and calming formula. Burned Needle Pill: Grind Huangdan to powder, mix with small jujube pulp to make pills the size of Chinese tallow tree seeds. Take one pill each time, burn over a lamp with a needle, grind fine, mix with milk to swallow. One prescription adds Cinnabar and Calcined Alum in equal parts. (*Xie Shi Xiao'er Fang*)
Reverse qi due to stomach deficiency: Qiandan two liang, Baijian two liang, raw Shitingzhi half liang. Grind Dan and Jian evenly, put in a crucible, roast with half a cheng of charcoal until red, nurture for one night, remove toxicity for two days, mix with Tingzhi, grind together, mix with millet rice paste to make pills the size of mung beans. Take fifteen pills daily with rice drink. (*Shengji Lu*)
Diarrhea and dysentery with red and white discharge. Mash jujube pulp, add Huangdan and Baijian each the size of a soap nut, a ball of japonica rice paste, mix and make pills the size of a marble, thread with iron wire, roast over a lamp, grind to powder. Take with rice drink. (*Zhixuan Fang*)
Red and white dysentery: Huangdan (roasted purple), Huanglian (roasted) in equal parts. Grind to powder, make pills the size of hemp seeds with paste. Take fifty pills each time, down with ginger and licorice water. (*Puji Fang*)
Pregnancy dysentery with pain: Take one black hen egg, open a hole, remove white, keep yolk, add five qian of Qiandan, mix evenly, wrap in mud, roast until dry, grind to powder. Take two qian each time, down with rice drink. If cured after one dose, it is a boy; if cured after two doses, it is a girl. (*Sanyin Fang*) Hematemesis, spitting blood, coughing blood: Huangdan, take one qian with fresh well water. (*Jingyan Fang*)
Chills and fever malaria, with body weakness and excessive sweating: Huangdan, Baicaoshuang in equal parts, grind to powder. On the day of attack, take three qian on an empty stomach with rice drink, will cure within two doses. Or make paste pills or garlic pills, all effective. *Zhouhou Fang*: Use one liang of flown-roasted Huangdan, three liang of Hengshan powder, honey pills the size of wutong seeds. Take fifty pills each time, down with warm wine. At dawn, before onset, and just before onset, take one dose each time, all effective. *Puji Fang*: On Dragon Boat Festival, use two liang of Huangdan (roasted), one hundred single-clove garlics, mash and make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take nine pills each time, face east down with flowing water on an empty stomach. Use after two or three attacks, divine effect. Also treats dysentery.
*Sanyin Fang*: Use Huangdan (roasted), Jiancha in equal parts. Grind to powder. Take two qian with warm wine. Another prescription: Fly-roast Huangdan, make paste pills the size of Chinese tallow tree seeds. Take one jujube each time, remove pit, wrap one pill, wrap in paper, roast and eat.
Warm malaria unceasing: Huangdan (roasted) half liang, Qinghao (soaked in child's urine) two liang, grind to powder. Take two qian each time, down with wine if chills are predominant, down with tea if heat is predominant.
(*Rencun Tang Fang*)
Pediatric severe malaria, high fever without chills: Two qian of Huangdan, mix with honey water to swallow, down with wine if cold, named Guiku Dan. (*Liu Juanzi Guiyi Fang*)
Wind epilepsy onset and cessation: Qufeng San: Use two liang of Qiandan, two liang of Baijian, grind to powder. Use triangular bricks facing each other, lay seven layers of paper on the brick, spread Dan on the paper, spread Jian on top of Dan, burn with ten jin of willow wood branches until finished, take and grind fine. Take two qian each time, down with warm wine. (*Wang Shi Boji Fang*)
Keewu Zhong'e (struck by evil spirits), contracted on the road or outside the door, causes stabbing pain in heart and abdomen, qi rushing to chest causing fullness, untreated leads to death.
One square inch scoop of Zhen Dan, three he of honey, mix and pour in. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
All eye diseases: Blurred vision with membrane, treat; only membrane, do not treat. Half jin of honey, boil in copper pot until purple chunks form, add two liang of flown Zhen Huangdan, one bowl of water, refine again until water vapor is gone, filter through fine raw silk laid over thin paper, seal in bottle and bury in ground for twenty-one days. Apply to eyes seven times daily, wash off if sticky. Another prescription: Add four pieces of Hezi meat. (*Baoshou Tang Fang*)
Red painful eyes: Huangdan, mix with honey, apply to Taiyang acupoint, immediate effect. (*Mingmu Jingyan Fang*)
Red eyes and pterygium: Qiandan, Baijian in equal parts, grind to powder and apply. Another prescription: Qiandan, Haihegu in equal parts, mix and grind, steam with white honey and apply. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Pearl tube growing in eye: Half liang of Qiandan, mix with carp bile like paste. Apply three to five times daily. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Smallpox/rash forming membrane: Huangdan, Qingfen in equal parts, grind to powder. Blow a little into the ear; if left affected, blow into right; if right affected, blow into left. (*Zhen Dou Fang*)
Pediatric double tongue: A bean-sized amount of Huangdan, place under the tongue. (*Zimu Milu*)
Pediatric mouth ulcers and erosion: One qian of Huangdan, one liang of raw honey, mix and steam until black. Dip chicken feather and apply, very effective. (*Puji Fang*)
Axillary odor: Mix Huangdan with Qingfen, adjust with saliva, sprinkle frequently. (*Puji Fang*)
Breech birth in women: Apply Zhen Dan to infant's feet. (*Jiyan Fang*)
Centipede entering ear: Huangdan, butter, honey, almond kernels in equal parts, boil into paste. Wrap in cotton, insert into ear, smell the fragrance and it comes out, extract. (*Shenghui Fang*)
Scorpion/stinger sting: Adjust Huangdan with vinegar and apply. (*Zhouhou Fang*)
Metal wound bleeding: Do not use medicine to close quickly, otherwise internal rot damages flesh. Only use Huangdan, Huashi in equal parts, grind to powder and apply. (*Jixuan Fang*)
External hemorrhoid swelling and pain: Huangdan, Huashi in equal parts, grind to powder. Adjust with fresh well water, apply five times daily. (*Yingtong Baiwen*)
Blood wind sores: One liang of Huangdan, one liang of yellow beeswax, five qian of sesame oil, boil into paste. First wash with scallion and pepper water, then apply. (Lu Shi *Jide Tang Fang*)
Old and new sores: Huangdan (flown-roasted), Huangbai (soaked in wine for seven days, dried) each one liang, Qingfen half liang. Grind fine. Wash clean with bitter tea, fill with Qingfen, then protect with Huangdan, externally apply plaster with cypress powder, do not disturb, effective in one week. (Sun Shi *Jixiao Fang*)