（《本经》下品）
【释名】解锡（《本经》）、铅粉（《纲目》）、铅华（《纲目》）、胡粉（弘景）、定粉（《药
性》）、瓦粉（《汤液》）、光粉（《日华》）、白粉（《汤液》）、水粉（《纲目》）、官粉。
弘景曰∶即今化铅所作胡粉也，而谓之粉锡，以与今乖。
时珍曰∶铅、锡一类也，古人名铅为黑锡，故名粉锡。《释名》曰∶胡者，糊也，和脂
以糊面也。
定、瓦言其形，光、白言其色。俗呼吴越者，为官粉；韶州者，为韶粉；辰州者，为辰
粉。
【正误】恭曰∶铅丹、胡粉，实用炒锡造，陶言化铅误矣。
震亨曰∶胡粉是锡粉，非铅粉也。古人以锡为粉，妇人用以附面者，其色类肌肉，不可
入药。
志曰∶粉锡、黄丹二物，俱是化铅为之。英公李 序云铅锡莫辨者，谓此也。按李含光
《音义》云∶黄丹、胡粉皆是化铅，未闻用锡者。《参同契》云∶胡粉投炭中，色坏，还为
铅。《抱朴子·内篇》云∶愚人不信黄丹、胡粉是化铅所作。苏恭以二物俱炒锡作，大误矣。
时珍曰∶锡炒则成黑灰，岂有白粉。苏恭已误，而朱震亨复踵其误，何哉？
【集解】时珍曰∶按《墨子》云∶禹造粉。张华《博物志》云∶纣烧铅锡作粉。则粉之
来亦远矣。今金陵、杭州、韶州、辰州皆造之，而辰粉尤真，其色带青。彼人言造法∶每铅
百斤，熔化，削成薄片，卷作筒，安木甑内，甑下、甑中各安醋一瓶，外以盐泥固济，纸封
甑缝。风炉安火四两，养一七，便扫入水缸内，依旧封养，次次如此，铅尽为度。不尽者，
留炒作黄丹。每粉一斤，入豆粉二两，蛤粉四两，水内搅匀，澄去清水。用细灰按成沟，纸
隔数层，置粉于上，将干，截成瓦定形，待干收起，而范成大《虞衡志》言∶桂林所作铅粉
最有名，谓之桂粉，以黑铅着糟瓮中罨化之。《何孟春余冬录》云∶嵩阳产铅，居民多造
胡粉。其法∶铅块悬酒缸内，封闭四十九日，开之则化为粉矣。化不白者，炒为黄丹。黄
丹滓为密陀僧。三物收利甚博。其铅气有毒，工人必食肥猪犬肉、饮酒及铁浆以厌之。枵腹
中其毒，辄病至死。长幼为毒熏蒸，多痿黄瘫挛而毙。其法略皆不同，盖巧者时出新意，以
速化为利故尔。又可见昔人炒锡之谬。《相感志》云∶韶粉蒸之不白，以萝卜瓮子蒸之则白。
【气味】辛，寒，无毒。权曰∶甘、辛，凉。
时珍曰∶胡粉能制硫黄。又雌黄得胡粉而失色，胡粉得雌黄而色黑，盖相恶也。又入酒
中去酸味，收蟹不沙。
【主治】伏尸毒螫，杀三虫（《本经》）。去鳖瘕，疗恶疮，止小便利，堕胎（《别录》）。
治积聚不消。炒焦，止小儿疳痢（甄权）。治痈肿 烂，呕逆，疗症瘕，小儿疳气（大明）。
止
泄痢、久积痢（宗 ）。治食复劳复，坠痰消胀，治疥癣狐臭，黑须发（时珍）。
【发明】弘景曰∶胡粉金色者，疗尸虫弥良。
藏器曰∶久痢成疳者，胡粉和水及鸡子白服，以粪黑为度，为其杀虫而止痢也。
时珍曰∶胡粉，即铅之变黑为白者也。其体用虽与铅及黄丹同，而无硝盐火烧之性，内
有豆粉、蛤粉杂之，只能入气分，不能入血分，此为稍异。人服食之，则大便色黑者，此乃
还其本质，所谓色坏还为铅也。亦可入膏药代黄丹用。
【附方】旧十四，新三十。
劳复食复欲死者∶水服胡粉少许。（《肘后方》）
小儿脾泄不止∶红枣二十个去核，将官粉入内，以阴阳瓦焙干，去枣研粉。每服三分，
米汤下。（孙真人《集效方》）
赤白痢下频数，肠痛∶定粉一两，鸡子清和，炙焦为末。冷水服一钱。（《肘后方》）
小儿无辜疳，下痢赤白∶胡粉熟蒸，熬令色变，以饮服半钱。（《子母秘录》）
小儿腹胀∶胡粉、盐熬色变，以摩腹上。（《子母秘录》）
腹皮青色，不速治，须臾死。方同上。
小儿夜啼∶水服胡粉三豆大，日三服。（《子母秘录》）
身热多汗∶胡粉半斤，雷丸四两，为末粉身。（《千金方》）
妇人心痛急者∶好官粉为末，葱汁和丸小豆大。每服七丸，黄酒送下即止。粉能杀虫，
葱能透气故也。（邵真人方）
寸白蛔虫∶胡粉炒燥，方寸匕，入肉 中，空心服，大效。（张文仲《备急方》）
服药过剂闷乱者。水和胡粉服之。（《千金方》）
鼻衄不止∶胡粉炒黑，醋服一钱，即止（《圣惠方》）
齿缝出血∶胡粉半两，麝香半钱，为末。卧时揩牙。（《圣济录》）
坠扑瘀血，从高落下，瘀血抢心，面青气短欲死。胡粉一钱，和水服即安。（《肘后方》）
折伤接骨∶官粉、硼砂等分，为末。每服一钱，苏木汤调下，仍频饮苏木汤，大效。（《接
骨方》）
杖疮肿痛∶水粉一两，赤石脂（生）一钱，水银一分，以麻油杵成膏，摊油纸贴之。肉
消者，填满紧缚。（《救急方》）
抓伤面皮∶香油调铅粉搽之，一夕愈。（《集简方》）
食梅牙 ∶韶粉揩之。（《相感志》）
染白须发∶胡粉、锻石等分，水和涂之，以油纸包，烘令温暖，候未燥间洗去，以油润
之，黑如漆也。（《博物志》）
腋下胡臭∶胡粉常粉之。或以胡粉三合，和牛脂煎稠涂之。（《千金方》）
阴股常湿∶胡粉粉之。（《备急方》）
干湿癣疮∶方同上。
黄水脓疮∶官粉（ 黄）、松香各三钱，黄丹一钱，飞矾二钱。为末，香油二两，熬膏
敷之。（邵真人方）
小儿耳疮月蚀∶胡粉，和土涂之。（《子母秘录》）
小儿疳疮∶熬胡粉，猪脂和涂。（张文仲方）
小儿舌疮∶胡粉，和猪 骨中髓，日三敷之。（《食医心镜》）
燕口吻疮∶胡粉（炒）一分，黄连半两，为末，敷之。（《普济方》）
痘疮瘢痕，或凸或凹。韶粉一两，轻粉一定，和研，猪脂调敷。（陈文中小儿方）
妒精阴疮∶铅粉二钱，银杏仁七个，铜铫内炒至杏黄，去杏取粉，出火毒，研搽效。（《
集简方》）
反花恶疮∶胡粉一两，胭脂一两。为末。盐汤洗净敷之，日五次。（《圣惠方》）
疮似蜂窠，愈而复发。胡粉、朱砂等分。为末，蜜和涂之。（《圣济录》）
血风 疮∶《孙氏集效方》∶用官粉四两，水调入碗内，以蕲州艾叶烧烟熏干，入乳香少
许同研，香油调作隔纸膏，反复贴之。《杨氏简便方》∶用官粉炒过，桐油调作隔纸贴之。
小儿丹毒∶唾和胡粉，从外至内敷之良。（《千金方》）
汤火烧疮∶胡粉，羊髓和，涂之。（孙真人方）
疮伤水湿∶胡粉、炭灰等分，脂和涂孔上，水即出也。（《千金方》）
蠼 尿疮∶酢和胡粉涂之。（《千金方》）
诸蛇螫伤∶胡粉和大蒜捣涂。（《千金方》）
误吞金银及钱∶胡粉一两，猪脂调，分再服，令消烊出也。（《外台秘要》）
三年目翳∶胡粉涂之。（《圣惠方》）
口中干燥，烦渴无津。雄猪胆五枚，酒煮皮烂，入定粉一两研匀，丸芡子大，每含化一
丸咽汁。（《太平圣惠方》）
腹中鳖症∶胡粉、黍米，淋汁温服，大效。（《卫生易简方》）
接骨续筋，止痛活血。定粉、当归各一钱，硼砂一钱半。为末。每服一钱，苏木煎汤调
下，仍频饮汤。（同上）发背恶疮，诸痈疽。好光粉二两，真麻油三两。慢火熬，以柳枝急
搅，至滴水成珠，入白胶末少许，入器，水浸两日，油纸摊贴，名神应膏。（《直指方》）
(Recorded in the Lower Grade of *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
**[Names]** Jie Xi (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*), Qian Fen (Lead Carbonate, from *Bencao Gangmu*), Qian Hua (Lead Powder, from *Bencao Gangmu*), Hu Fen (Barbarian Powder, referred to by Tao Hongjing), Ding Fen (Fixed Powder, from *Yaoxing Lun*), Wa Fen (Tile Powder, from *Tangye Jing*), Guang Fen (Luminous Powder, from *Rihua Bencao*), Bai Fen (White Powder, from *Tangye Jing*), Shui Fen (Water Powder, from *Bencao Gangmu*), Guan Fen (Official Powder).
Tao Hongjing stated: This is the Hu Fen made today by processing lead, yet it is called Fen Xi, which contradicts current terminology.
Li Shizhen stated: Lead and tin are of the same category. The ancients called lead "Black Tin" (Hei Xi), hence the name Fen Xi. *Shiming* states: "Hu" sounds like "Hu" (paste), as it was mixed with fat to paste onto the face.
"Ding" and "Wa" refer to its shape; "Guang" and "Bai" refer to its color. Commonly, those from Wu-Yue regions are called Guan Fen; those from Shaozhou are called Shao Fen; those from Chenzhou are called Chen Fen.
**[Correction of Errors]** Su Gong stated: Lead Dan (Lead Tetroxide) and Hu Fen are actually made by roasting tin. Tao's statement that they are made by processing lead is incorrect.
Zhu Zhenheng stated: Hu Fen is tin powder, not lead powder. The ancients used tin powder, which women applied to their faces because its color resembled flesh; it should not be used medicinally.
Su Song stated: Both Fen Xi and Huang Dan are made by processing lead. Li Ji, Duke of Ying, said in his preface that "lead and tin are indistinguishable," referring to this. According to Li Hanguang's *Yinyi*: Huang Dan and Hu Fen are both made by processing lead; there is no record of using tin. *Cantong Qi* states: "When Hu Fen is thrown into charcoal, its color is destroyed, and it returns to lead." *Baopuzi · Inner Chapters* states: "Foolish people do not believe that Huang Dan and Hu Fen are made by processing lead." Su Gong's claim that both are made by roasting tin is a major error.
Li Shizhen stated: Roasted tin turns into black ash; how could it become white powder? Su Gong was already wrong, and Zhu Zhenheng followed his error. Why?
**[Collection and Explanation]** Li Shizhen stated: According to *Mozi*, Yu the Great created powder. Zhang Hua's *Bowuzhi* states: King Zhou of Shang burned lead and tin to make powder. Thus, the origin of powder is ancient. Currently, Jinling, Hangzhou, Shaozhou, and Chenzhou all produce it, with Chen Fen being the most authentic, having a bluish tint. Locals describe the manufacturing method: For every 100 jin of lead, melt it, shave it into thin sheets, roll them into cylinders, and place them inside a wooden steamer (Zeng). Place one bottle of vinegar below and one inside the steamer. Seal the exterior with salt mud and paper. Place four liang of fire in a wind furnace and maintain for seven days. Then sweep the contents into a water vat, reseal, and maintain. Repeat until the lead is exhausted. The unreacted lead is kept and roasted to make Huang Dan. For every jin of powder obtained, add two liang of bean flour and four liang of clam flour, mix evenly in water, and let settle to remove clear water. Make trenches with fine ash, place several layers of paper on top, put the powder on the paper. When nearly dry, cut into tile-shaped blocks. Wait for drying and store. Fan Chengda's *Yuheng Zhi* states: Lead powder produced in Guilin is most famous, called Gui Fen. It is made by placing black lead in a jar of wine lees to ferment and transform. He Mengchun's *Yudong Lu* states: Songyang produces lead, and residents often make Hu Fen. The method is: suspend lead blocks in a wine jar, seal for forty-nine days, and upon opening, it has transformed into powder. The parts that did not turn white are roasted into Huang Dan. The dregs of Huang Dan become Mituo Seng (Litharge). These three items yield great profit. However, lead vapor is toxic. Workers must eat fatty pork or dog meat, drink alcohol, and consume iron slurry to suppress the toxicity. Inhaling the vapor on an empty stomach causes illness and death. Children and adults exposed to the vapor often die from atrophy, jaundice, paralysis, and spasms. These methods differ slightly, likely because skilled craftsmers innovate to accelerate transformation for profit. This also reveals the fallacy of the ancients' claim about roasting tin. *Xianggan Zhi* states: Shao Fen does not turn white when steamed directly, but turns white when steamed in a radon jar.
**[Flavor and Properties]** Pungent, Cold, Non-toxic. Lei Xiao stated: Sweet, Pungent, Cool.
Li Shizhen stated: Hu Fen can restrain Sulfur. Additionally, Realgar loses its color when meeting Hu Fen, and Hu Fen turns black when meeting Realgar, indicating mutual aversion (pharmacological antagonism). Furthermore, adding Hu Fen to wine removes acidity, and it prevents sand from entering crabs during capture.
**[Indications]** Treats poisoning from hidden corpse toxins and insect stings; kills three types of parasites (from *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Removes abdominal masses (Nie Xia), treats malignant sores, stops frequent urination, induces abortion (from *Mingyi Bielu*). Treats accumulation that does not dissipate. Charred, it treats infantile malnutrition dysentery (Zhen Quan). Treats carbuncles and ulcers, vomiting and regurgitation, abdominal masses, and infantile malnutrition qi (Chen Cangqi). Stops diarrhea and dysentery, chronic accumulated dysentery (Kou Zongshi). Treats relapse due to diet or fatigue, descends phlegm and reduces distension, treats tinea and fox odor, darkens beard and hair (Li Shizhen).
**[Elucidation]** Tao Hongjing stated: Golden-colored Hu Fen is best for treating corpse worms.
Sun Simiao stated: For chronic dysentery leading to malnutrition, take Hu Fen mixed with water and egg white. Stop when stool turns black, as it kills parasites and stops dysentery.
Li Shizhen stated: Hu Fen is lead transformed from black to white. Although its nature and use are similar to lead and Huang Dan, it lacks the property of nitrate/salt burning. It contains mixed bean flour and clam flour, entering only the Qi level, not the Blood level, which is a slight difference. After human ingestion, if stool turns black, this is returning to its original essence, as stated: "color destroyed, returns to lead." It can also be used in plasters instead of Huang Dan.
**[Attached Prescriptions]** Fourteen old prescriptions, thirty new prescriptions.
Relapse due to overexertion or diet, near death: Take a small amount of Hu Fen with water (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
Infantile spleen diarrhea unceasing: Remove pits from twenty red dates, insert Official Powder inside, bake dry on yin-yang tiles, remove dates and grind to powder. Take three qian each time, with rice soup (*Sun Taoren Ji Xiao Fang*).
Frequent red and white dysentery, intestinal pain: One liang of Ding Fen, mixed with egg white, roasted until charred and ground. Take one qian with cold water (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
Infantile innocent malnutrition, dysentery with red and white stool: Steam Hu Fen thoroughly, roast until color changes, take half qian with drink (*Zimu Milu*).
Infantile abdominal distension: Roast Hu Fen and salt until color changes, rub on abdomen (*Zimu Milu*).
Blue-green abdominal skin, death ensues quickly if not treated rapidly. Prescription same as above.
Infantile night crying: Take Hu Fen the size of three beans with water, three times daily (*Zimu Milu*).
Body heat with excessive sweating: Half jin of Hu Fen, four liang of Lei Wan, grind to powder and dust on body (*Qianjin Fang*).
Severe heart pain in women: Grind good Official Powder, form pills the size of soybeans with scallion juice. Take seven pills with yellow wine to stop immediately. Powder kills parasites, scallion opens meridians (*Shao Zhenren Formula*).
Tapeworms: Dry-roast Hu Fen, take one cun fang bi, insert into anus, take on empty stomach for great effect (*Zhang Wenzhong Beiji Fang*).
Confusion from overdose of medicine: Take Hu Fen mixed with water (*Qianjin Fang*).
Unstopping epistaxis: Char Hu Fen until black, take one qian with vinegar to stop immediately (*Shenghui Fang*).
Gum bleeding: Half liang of Hu Fen, half qian of Musk, grind to powder. Brush teeth before bed (*Shengji Lu*).
Traumatic blood stasis, falling from height, blood rushing to heart, blue face, shortness of breath, near death. Take one qian of Hu Fen mixed with water to calm (*Zhouhou Beiji Fang*).
Fractures and bone setting: Equal parts Official Powder and Borax, grind to powder. Take one qian, mixed with Suxmu decoction. Continue drinking Suxmu tea frequently for great effect (*Jiegu Fang*).
Swelling and pain from beating wounds: One liang of Water Powder, one qian raw Red Halloysite, one fen Mercury, pound into paste with sesame oil, spread on oil paper and apply. If flesh is eaten away, fill tightly and bind (*Jiuji Fang*).
Scratched facial skin: Mix lead powder with sesame oil, apply, heals in one night (*Jijian Fang*).
Toothache from eating plums: Rub with Shao Fen (*Xianggan Zhi*).
Dyeing beard and hair white: Equal parts Hu Fen and Calcined Alumen, mix with water and apply, wrap in oil paper, warm gently, wash off before drying, moisturize with oil, becomes black as lacquer (*Bowuzhi*).
Axillary bromhidrosis: Dust with Hu Fen regularly. Or mix three he of Hu Fen with rendered beef fat, boil to thick consistency, and apply (*Qianjin Fang*).
Constant dampness in groin: Dust with Hu Fen (*Beiji Fang*).
Dry and wet tinea: Same prescription as above.
Yellow-water pustules: Three qian Fei Huang Official Powder, three qian Rosin, one qian Huang Dan, two qian Alum. Grind to powder, boil in two liang sesame oil to make ointment, apply (*Shao Zhenren Formula*).
Infantile ear sore and moon erosion: Mix Hu Fen with earth, apply (*Zimu Milu*).
Infantile malnutrition sore: Roast Hu Fen, mix with lard, apply (*Zhang Wenzhong Formula*).
Infantile tongue sore: Mix Hu Fen with pig bone marrow, apply three times daily (*Shiyi Xinjing*).
Angular cheilitis: One fen roasted Hu Fen, half liang Coptis, grind to powder, apply (*Puji Fang*).
Smallpox scars, convex or concave. One liang Shao Fen, fixed amount of Qing Fen, grind together, mix with lard, apply (*Chen Wenxiao Pediatric Formula*).
Jealousy-induced genital sore: Two qian Lead Powder, seven Ginkgo nuts, stir-fry in copper pot until apricot-yellow, remove nuts, take powder, eliminate fire toxicity, grind and apply for effect (*Jijian Fang*).
Reverse-flow malignant sore: One liang Hu Fen, one liang Rouge. Grind to powder. Wash with salt water, apply five times daily (*Shenghui Fang*).
Sore resembling honeycomb, recurring after healing. Equal parts Hu Fen and Cinnabar. Grind to powder, mix with honey, apply (*Shengji Lu*).
Blood Wind Sore: *Sun Shi Ji Xiao Fang*: Use four liang Official Powder, mix with water in bowl, smoke-dry with Qizhou Mugwort smoke, add small amount of Frankincense, grind together, mix with sesame oil to make paper-interposed plaster, apply repeatedly. *Yang Shi Jianbian Fang*: Stir-fry Official Powder, mix with Tung Oil to make paper-interposed plaster.
Infantile erysipelas: Mix saliva with Hu Fen, apply from outside to inside for good effect (*Qianjin Fang*).
Scalds and burns: Mix Hu Fen with sheep marrow, apply (*Sun Taoren Formula*).
Sore injured by water/dampness: Equal parts Hu Fen and charcoal ash, mix with fat, apply to hole, water will drain out (*Qianjin Fang*).
Ureteritis sore: Mix vinegar with Hu Fen, apply (*Qianjin Fang*).
Various snake bites: Pound Hu Fen with garlic, apply (*Qianjin Fang*).
Accidentally swallowed gold, silver, or coins: One liang Hu Fen, mix with lard, divide into two doses, to dissolve and expel (*Waitai Miyao*).
Three-year eye opacity: Apply Hu Fen (*Shenghui Fang*).
Dry mouth, irritability, thirst without fluid. Five male pig gallbladders, boil in wine until skin softens, add one liang Ding Fen, grind evenly, form pills the size of Euryale seeds. Hold one pill in mouth to dissolve and swallow juice (*Taiping Shenghui Fang*).
Abdominal Nie Syndrome: Hu Fen and Millet, strain juice, take warm for great effect (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*).
Set bones, heal tendons, relieve pain, invigorate blood. One qian Ding Fen, one qian Angelica Sinensis, one and a half qian Borax. Grind to powder. Take one qian, mixed with Suxmu decoction. Continue drinking decoction frequently (Same source). Back abscesses, malignant sores, various carbuncles. Two liang good Luminous Powder, three liang true Sesame Oil. Slowly boil, stir vigorously with willow branch until dripping water forms beads. Add small amount of White Gelatin powder, put in container, soak in water for two days, spread on oil paper, named Shenying Gao (*Zhizhi Fang*).