（《纲目》）
【释名】 鱼（《尔雅》）
时珍曰∶此非海中沙鱼，乃南方溪涧中小鱼也。居沙沟中，吹沙而游，咂沙而食。
肉多形圆，陀陀然也。
【集解】时珍曰∶鲨鱼，大者长四五寸，其头尾一般大。头状似鳟
唇。细鳞，黄白色，有黑斑点文。背有 刺甚硬。其尾不歧。小
呵浪鱼。
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。
【主治】暖中益气（时珍）。
（《拾遗》）
【释名】渡父鱼（《纲目》）、黄
时珍曰∶杜父当作渡父。溪涧小鱼，渡父所食也。见人则以喙插入泥中，如船碇也。
【集解】藏器曰∶杜父鱼生溪涧中。长二三寸，状如吹沙而短。其
色黄黑有斑。脊背上有 刺，螫人。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
【主治】小儿差颓。用此鱼擘开，口咬之，七下即消（藏器∶差颓，阴核大小也）。
（《纲目》）
【释名】石矾鱼（《延寿书》）、高鱼。
【集解】时珍曰∶石斑生南方溪涧水石处。长数寸，白鳞黑斑。浮
然深入。《临海水土记》云∶长者尺余，其斑如虎文，而性淫，春月与蛇医
毒。《南方异物志》云∶高鱼似鳟，有雌无雄，二、三月与蜥蜴合于水上，其胎毒
杂俎》云∶石斑与蛇交。南方有土蜂，土人杀此鱼标树上，引鸟食
子及肠
【气味】有毒，令人吐泻。
《医说》云∶用鱼尾草研汁，服少许解之。
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Nomenclature] Yu (from *Erya*)
Li Shizhen states: This is not the shark of the sea, but a small fish found in streams and ravines in the south. It dwells in sandy trenches, swimming while blowing sand, and feeding by sucking up sand.
The flesh is abundant, and the shape is round, appearing plump.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen states: The "Shayu" (here referring to a type of sculpin), the larger ones are four or five cun long, with the head and tail being of similar size. The head resembles the lips of a trout. The scales are fine, yellowish-white, with black spotted patterns. There are spines on the back that are very hard. The tail is not forked. It is also known as the Xiao Helang fish.
Flesh
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic.
[Indications] Warms the middle jiao and tonifies healthy qi (Li Shizhen).
(Enhancements to Materia Medica)
[Nomenclature] Duffy Fish (from *Compendium of Materia Medica*), Huang [Fish]
Li Shizhen states: "Dufu" should be written as "Dufu". These are small fish in streams and ravines, eaten by Duffy people. When they see humans, they insert their beaks into the mud, anchoring themselves like a ship's anchor.
[Collected Explanations] Chen Zangqi states: Dufu fish live in streams and ravines. They are two or three cun long, resembling the Chuisha fish but shorter. Their color is yellow-black with spots. There are spines on the dorsal ridge that sting humans.
[Properties and Flavor] Sweet, warm, non-toxic.
[Indications] Pediatric hernia (Chaitui). Split this fish open, bite it seven times with your mouth, and the swelling will subside (Chen Zangqi notes: Chaitui refers to the enlargement of the testicles/scrotum).
(Compendium of Materia Medica)
[Nomenclature] Shifan Fish (from *Yanshu*), Gao Fish.
[Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen states: Shibang fish grow in the rocky waters of streams in the south. They are several cun long, with white scales and black spots. They float and dive deep. *Linhai Shuitu Ji* records: The large ones are over one chi long, with patterns like tiger stripes, and they have a promiscuous nature; in spring months, they mate with snakes, acquiring toxicity. *Nanfang Yiwu Zhi* records: Gao fish resemble trout, having only females and no males; in the second and third lunar months, they mate with lizards on the water surface, and their fetal toxins become mixed. *Youyang Zazu* records: Shibang fish mate with snakes. In the south, there is a species of earth bee; locals kill these fish and hang them on trees to attract birds to eat them, thereby obtaining bird eggs and intestinal contents.
[Properties and Flavor] Toxic, causes vomiting and diarrhea.
*Yi Shuo* records: Grind the herb Yuweicao (Fish-tail Grass) to extract juice; taking a small amount can detoxify.