（居卫切。《开宝》）
【释名】 鱼（音蓟）、石桂鱼（《开宝》）、
时珍曰∶鳜，蹶也，其体不能屈曲如僵蹶也。 ，
大明曰∶其味如豚，故名水豚，又名鳜豚。
志曰∶昔有仙人刘凭，常食石桂鱼。桂、鳜同音，当即是此。
【集解】时珍曰∶鳜生江湖中。扁形阔腹，大口细鳞。有黑斑，其斑纹尤鲜明者为雄，
稍晦
冬月偎泥 ，鱼之沉下者也。小者味佳，至三五斤
凡十二，以应十二月。误鲠害人，惟橄榄核
肉
【气味】甘，平，无毒。《日华》曰∶微毒。
【主治】腹内恶血，去腹内小虫，益气力，
令人肥健（《开宝》）。补虚劳，益脾胃
【发明】时珍曰∶按∶张杲《医说》云∶越州邵氏女年十八，病劳瘵累年，偶食鳜鱼
羹遂愈。观此，正与补劳、益胃、杀虫之说相符，则仙人刘凭、隐士张志和之嗜此鱼，非无
谓也。
尾
【主治】小儿软疖，贴之良（时珍）。
胆
【气味】苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】骨鲠，不拘久近（时珍）。
【附方】旧一。
骨鲠竹木刺入咽喉∶不拘大人小儿，日久或入脏腑，痛刺黄瘦甚者，服之皆出。腊月收
鳜鱼胆，悬北檐下令干。每用一皂子许，煎酒温呷。
得吐，则鲠随涎出。未吐再服，以吐为度。酒随量饮，无不出者。蠡、鲩、鲫胆皆可。
（《
【附录】 鱼 时珍曰∶按《山海经》云∶合水多
食之不痈，可以治 。郭注云∶ ，音滕。逵乃
功用，俱与鳜同，亦鳜之类也。日华子
(Juwei qie. *Kaibao Bencao*)
[Names] Yu (pronounced Ji), Shiguiyu (*Kaibao Bencao*).
Li Shizhen said: "Gui" is synonymous with "Jue", referring to its body's inability to bend like a stiff, rigid creature.
Su Song (courtesy name Zirong, pseudonym Daming) said: Its taste resembles that of a pig, hence it is named "Shuitun" (Water Pig), and also "Guitun".
Kou Zongshi (courtesy name Yuanjue, pseudonym Zhi) said: In ancient times, an immortal named Liu Ping often ate Shiguiyu. Since "Gui" and "Gui" are homophones, this must be the fish in question.
[Collection and Explanation] Li Shizhen said: Guiyu inhabits rivers and lakes. It has a flat body, broad belly, large mouth, and fine scales. It bears black spots; males have particularly distinct patterns, while females are slightly duller. In winter, it burrows into the mud, being among the fish that sink to the bottom. Smaller ones taste better, while larger ones can weigh three to fifty jin. The scales usually number twelve, corresponding to the twelve months of the year. Accidental ingestion of bones harms humans; only olive pits can resolve this issue.
[Flavor and Properties] Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. *Ri Hua Zi Bencao* states: Slightly toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Expels evil blood from the abdomen, eliminates small parasites within the abdomen, boosts Qi and strength, and promotes robustness and health (*Kaibao Bencao*). Tonifies deficiency and fatigue, benefits the Spleen and Stomach.
[Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: According to Zhang Gao's *Yi Shuo*: A woman surnamed Shao from Yuezhou, aged eighteen, suffered from Laozai (consumption/tuberculosis) for years. She happened to eat Guiyu soup and was cured. This observation aligns perfectly with the claims of tonifying fatigue, benefiting the stomach, and eliminating parasites. Thus, the preference for this fish by immortals like Liu Ping and recluses like Zhang Zhihe was not without reason.
[Tail]
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats soft carbuncles in children; applying it externally yields good results (Li Shizhen).
[Gallbladder]
[Flavor and Properties] Bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Therapeutic Actions] Treats bone splinters stuck in the throat, regardless of duration (Li Shizhen).
[Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription.
Bone splinters or bamboo/wood thorns lodged in the throat: Applicable to adults and children alike. If lodged for a long time or penetrating into the viscera, causing severe pain, emaciation, and sallow complexion, administration will expel them. Collect Guiyu gallbladders in the twelfth lunar month and hang them under the north eaves to dry. Use an amount the size of a soapberry seed each time, decocted in wine and taken warm. Vomiting will cause the splinter to exit with saliva. If vomiting does not occur, administer again until vomiting ensues. Drink wine according to tolerance; none fail to expel the object. Gallbladders of Liyu, Huanyu, and Jiyu are all usable. (*Bencao Gangmu*)
[Appendix] Yu. Li Shizhen said: According to *Shan Hai Jing*, there is a fish abundant in Heshui. Consuming it prevents abscesses and can treat certain conditions. Guo Pu’s commentary notes: The pronunciation is similar to "Teng". Kui Nai... Its functions are identical to those of Guiyu, making it a type of Guiyu. Ri Hua Zi...