Library

(From *Bencao Gangmu*)

[Names] Cowhide Glue (from *Shiliao*, Dietary Therapy), Water Glue (from *Waitai*, Outer Cabinet), Haixi Paste.

[Correction of Errors] Zhen Quan stated: Baijiao is also known as Huangming Jiao. Su Song stated: The Huangming Jiao currently used by physicians is mostly made from cowhide. The Ejiao in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) is also made from cowhide. Thus, these two glues can be used interchangeably. However, the current production of cowhide glue is not refined enough, making it unsuitable for medicinal use; it is only fit for adhering objects. Meanwhile, the Deer Horn Glue is called Baijiao in the *Shennong Bencao Jing*. It can be produced everywhere, but its efficacy is several times that of cowhide glue, so genuine Deer Horn Glue is rare nowadays. Li Shizhen stated: According to the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Baijiao is another name for Deer Horn Glue, made by boiling deer horns; Ejiao is another name for Fuzhi Jiao, made by boiling cowhide. This explanation is very clear. Huangming Jiao is the current Water Glue, made from cowhide, with a yellow and translucent color, not Baijiao; it simply lacks the use of A-jing water. Zhen Quan mistakenly identified Huangming as Deer Horn Baijiao, and Tang Shenwei further erred by collecting various formulas regarding Huangming and attaching them, which is incorrect. We now correct this error and attach it after Ejiao. However, its functions are similar to those of Ejiao. If Ejiao is difficult to obtain, genuine cowhide glue can be used as a substitute. Their nature and flavor are both mildly tonifying, suitable for deficiency-heat syndromes. In contrast, Deer Horn Glue has a hot and tonifying nature and flavor, and is not suitable for those with deficiency-heat; this distinction must be carefully noted.

[Flavor and Toxicity] Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic.

[Indications] Epistaxis (nosebleed), hematemesis (vomiting blood), hematochezia (blood in stool), bloody stranguria (dysuria with blood), dysentery, threatened abortion with vaginal bleeding due to fetal unrest, rheumatic pain wandering throughout the body, traumatic injuries, scalds and burns, all types of carbuncles, sores, swellings, and toxic masses. It activates blood circulation, relieves pain, moistens dryness, and promotes urination and bowel movements (Li Shizhen).

[Attached Formulas] Twenty-four new formulas.

Three qian, taken with juice of fresh Rehmannia root (*Sheng Dihuang*). (From *Puji Fang*) For lung rupture causing bleeding or persistent coughing of blood: Take one large piece of Haixi Paste (i.e., Water Glue), roast until yellow, apply suet oil, roast again, and grind into powder. Dissolve three qian in warm water, let cool, and take orally to stop bleeding immediately. (From *Doumen Fang*) For hematemesis and hemoptysis: Slice one liang of Huangming Jiao and roast until yellow; burn one liang of new cotton wool to ash and grind. Take one qian per dose, administered after meals with rice water, twice daily. (From *Shiliao*) For persistent epistaxis: Soften Huangming Jiao and apply it from the shangen (root of the nose) to the hairline. (From *Sanyin Fang*) For vaginal bleeding during pregnancy: Dissolve two liang of Huangming Jiao in wine and take in one dose. (From *Zhouhou Fang*) For persistent cough: Roast and grind Huangming Jiao. Take one qian mixed with two qian of powdered Ginseng (*Renshen*), two cups of thin fermented soybean soup (*Baochi*), and a little green onion white. Boil until bubbling. When coughing occurs, sip three to five mouthfuls while warm to stop the cough. (From *Shiliao*) For kidney deficiency with seminal emission: Grind three liang of Water Glue into powder. Dissolve in two bowls of wine and take, three times daily. (From *Qianjin Fang*) For facial numbness: Melt cowhide glue, mix with powdered Cinnamon Twig (*Guizhi*), apply thickly at a thickness of one or two fen for good effect. (From Ye Shi's *Zhixuan Fang*) For cold-dampness foot qi: Finely chop one piece of cowhide glue, stir-fry with flour until bead-like, and grind into powder. Take one qian with wine; pain stops immediately. (Wan Shi's Formula) For rheumatic wandering pain: Melt one liang of cowhide glue with half a cup of ginger juice into a paste. Spread on paper, apply while hot, replace when cold. Highly effective. Add one qian each of Frankincense (*Ruxiang*) and Myrrh (*Moyao*). (Deng Bifeng's Formula) For numbness and hardness of the sole: Melt cowhide glue with ginger juice, mix with powdered Arisaema (*Nanxing*), apply, and iron over with heated objects. For cracked feet: Melt glue onto cloth, heat, and apply. (From *Qianjin Fang*) For wind-stroke following trauma: Burn Huangming Jiao to retain its character (charred but not ash), grind into powder. Take two qian with wine to induce sweating. (From *Puji Fang*) For traumatic injury: Stir-fry one liang of genuine cowhide glue with one liang of dried winter melon peel (*Gua Pi*, chopped) until retaining character, then grind. Take five qian per dose, mixed with one cup of hot wine. Drink two to three more cups of wine afterward, lie warmly, and allow slight sweating to stop pain; vitality returns to normal overnight. (Lin Shi's Formula) For scalds and burns: Boil glue in water until paste-like, cool, and sweep/apply to the area. (From *Doumen*) For all swellings and toxic masses, whether ulcerated or not: Soak one piece of Water Glue in water until soft, make a hole in the center, and apply. Unulcerated masses will dissipate naturally; ulcerated ones will drain pus spontaneously. (From Wang Tao's *Waitai Mi Yao*) For various carbuncles and swellings: Dissolve one liang of Huangming Jiao in half a sheng of water, add one liang of Red Lead (*Huandan*), boil evenly, let cool to warm temperature, and sweep onto the wound with a feather. If unformed, apply around the periphery to dissipate. (From *Benshi Fang*) For early-stage inguinal abscess: Melt Water Glue and apply; it will dissipate. (From *Zhizhi Fang*) For early-stage breast furuncle: Dissolve Huangming Water Glue in strong vinegar and apply; it dissipates immediately. (Yang Qi's *Jianbian Fang*) For early-stage back carbuncle: *Ruan Shi's Experienced Formula*: Use four liang of Huangming Cowhide Glue and one bowl of wine, melt in a double boiler, and drink freely. Those who cannot drink alcohol may use boiling water. Taking this prevents internal attack of toxins and transformation into malignant symptoms. Tan Yeweng's *Shixiao Fang*: Burn on a new tile until retaining character, grind, and take with two bowls of wine. Tang Shi's *Experienced Formula*: Add four slices of Pangolin Scales (*Chuanshanjia*, burned to retain character); claimed to be extremely effective. For scrofula and lymphatic tuberculosis: Melt black cowhide glue, spread as plaster and apply. For ulcerated cases, roll the plaster into threads about one cun long, insert into the hole, change frequently, and wipe to achieve effect. (From *Yang Shi Jingyan*) For smallpox scars: Roast and grind Huangming Jiao into powder, take one qian bi with warm wine. For those whose smallpox has erupted, taking this prevents scarring; for those whose eruption has not yet occurred, it induces diarrhea to expel the pathogen. (From *Puji*)