味甘，温，有毒。主治腹中邪气，去三虫，蛇螫，虫毒，鬼疰，伏尸。生永昌山谷。
方家从来无用此者，古今诸医及药家，了不复识，又一名罴子，不知其形何类也。（《大
观
味酸，温，微寒，无毒。主治气癃，不得小便，妇人月闭。血瘕，痫痉，寒热，利水道。
一名负KT ，一名 ，一名 。生魏郡平谷及人家地上，五月五日取。
一名鼠负，言鼠多在坎中，背则负之，今作妇字，如似乖理。又一名鼠姑。（《大观》卷
二十二，《政和》四五五页）
味辛，微温，无毒。主明目，小儿火疮，伤热气，蛊毒，鬼疰，通神精。一名夜光，一
名放光，一名熠耀，一名即 。生阶地池泽。七月七日取，阴干。
此是腐草及烂竹根所化，初犹未如虫，腹下已有光，数日便变而能飞。方术家捕取内酒
中
味咸，温，无毒。主治妇人疝瘕，小便不利，小儿中风项强背起，摩之。又治淋，堕胎，
涂疮灭瘢。一名白鱼，一名 。生咸阳平泽。
衣中乃有，而不可常得，多在书中。亦可用于小儿淋闭，以摩脐及小腹，即溺通也。（《
大观》卷二十二，《政和》四五六页）
味咸，寒、大寒，无毒。主治蛇瘕，去三虫，伏尸，鬼疰，蛊毒，杀长虫，仍自化作水。
治伤寒伏热，狂谬，大腹，黄胆。一名土龙，生平土，三月取，阴干。
白颈是其老者尔，取破去土，盐之，日曝，须臾成水，道术多用之。温病大热狂言，饮
其汁皆瘥，与黄龙汤治同也。其屎，呼为蚓蝼，食细土无沙石，入合丹泥釜用。若服此干蚓，
应
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Toxic. Indications: Abdominal pathogenic qi, expulsion of three types of parasites (San Chong), snakebites, insect venom, Gui Zhu (a chronic wasting disease caused by evil qi), Fu Shi (latent blood stasis or masses). Habitat: Yongchang mountain valleys.
Medical practitioners have never used this substance. Physicians and pharmacists throughout ancient and modern times no longer recognize it. It is also known as Pizi (Bear's Son), but its appearance is unknown. (Da Guan)
Taste: Sour. Nature: Warm, slightly cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Qi Long (difficulty in urination), inability to pass urine, amenorrhea in women. Xue Jia (abdominal masses), epilepsy and spasms, alternating chills and fever, promoting water passages.
Also known as Fu KT, also known as [missing character], also known as [missing character]. Habitat: Pinggu in Wei Commandery and on the ground near houses. Collection time: The fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
Also known as Shufu, implying that rats often carry it on their backs while in low-lying areas (Kan). The current name "Fu" (Woman) seems illogical. Also known as Shugu. (Da Guan, Vol. 22; Zheng He, p. 455)
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Slightly warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Improving vision, pediatric fire sores, heat injury from hot qi, Gu Du (poisonous parasite), Gui Zhu, enhancing spiritual essence. Also known as Yeguang, also known as Fangguang, also known as Yi Yao, also known as Ji [missing character]. Habitat: Terrace pools and marshes. Collection time: The seventh day of the seventh lunar month, dried in shade.
This creature is transformed from rotting grass and decaying bamboo roots. Initially, it does not resemble an insect, but has light under its abdomen. After a few days, it transforms and can fly. Practitioners of arts capture it and place it in wine.
Taste: Salty. Nature: Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Shan Jia (abdominal masses in women), difficulty in urination, pediatric wind-stroke with stiff neck and arched back, massage application. Also treats Lin syndrome (dysuria), induces abortion, applies to sores to remove scars. Also known as Baiyu (White Fish), also known as [missing character]. Habitat: Pingze in Xianyang.
Found in clothes, but not always obtainable; mostly found in books. Can also be used for pediatric urinary retention, by massaging the umbilicus and lower abdomen to promote urination. (Da Guan, Vol. 22; Zheng He, p. 456)
Taste: Salty. Nature: Cold, very cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: She Jia (snake-like abdominal mass), expulsion of three types of parasites, Fu Shi, Gui Zhu, Gu Du, killing large worms, which then dissolve into water. Treats latent heat in Shang Han (cold damage), mania and delirium, distended abdomen, jaundice. Also known as Tulong (Earth Dragon). Habitat: Flat earth. Collection time: Third lunar month, dried in shade.
Baijing (White Neck) refers to the older specimens. They are broken open, cleaned of soil, salted, sun-dried, and quickly turn into water. Daoist practitioners use them frequently. For Wen Bing (warm diseases) with high fever and delirious speech, drinking their juice cures the condition, similar to treating with Huanglong Tang (Yellow Dragon Decoction). Their feces are called Yinlou (Earthworm Ants); they eat fine soil without sand or stones, and are used in making alchemical clay pots. If one consumes these dried earthworms, it should...