味苦、甘，平，无毒。主治嗔怒邪气，止虚汗出风头，女子阴寒肿痛，治痰热，温疟，
可为吐汤，利水道。一名女萝。生熊耳山川谷松树上。五月采，阴干。
东山甚多，生杂树上，而以松上者为真。《毛诗》云∶茑与女萝，施于松上。茑是寄生，
今
和》三三○页）
味辛，寒，无毒。主治心腹痛，痈肿，溃脓，止痛。决刺结，治丈夫虚损，阴痿，精自
出，补肾气，益精髓。一名棘针，一名棘刺。生雍州川谷。
李云此是酸枣树针，今人用天门冬苗代之，非真也。（《新修》一四三页，《大观》卷十
三，《政和》三二九页）
味苦，平，无毒。主治金疮、内漏，明目。冬至后百廿日采之。实，主明目，心腹痿痹，
除热，利小便。生道旁。四月采。一名菥 ，一名马朐，一名刺原。又有枣针，治腰痛、喉
痹不通。
此一条又相违越，恐李所言多是，然复道其花一名菥 ，此恐别是一物，不关枣针也。
今世人皆用天门冬苗，吾亦不许。门冬苗乃是好作饮，益人，正不可当棘刺尔。（《新修》一
四
味苦、甘，平，微温，无毒。主治腰背强，关机缓急，周痹寒湿，膝痛，颇利老人。
治失溺不节，男子脚弱腰痛，风邪淋露，少气，目暗，坚脊，利俯仰，女子伤中，关节
重。一名百枝，一名强膂，一名扶盖，一名扶筋。生常山川谷。二月、八月采根，曝干。（萆
今山野处处有，与菝 相似而小异。其茎叶小肥，其节疏，其茎大直，上有刺，叶圆有
赤
[Songluo (Lichen)]
Taste: bitter, sweet. Nature: neutral. Non-toxic. Indications: Treats pathogenic qi caused by anger; stops spontaneous sweating due to deficiency; relieves wind-related discomfort in the head; treats cold-dampness swelling and pain in the female genitalia; clears phlegm-heat; treats warm malaria; can be used as an emetic decoction; promotes urination. Also known as Nüluo (Female Lichen). Grows on pine trees in the valleys of Xiong'er Mountain. Harvested in May, dried in the shade. Abundant in Dongshan, growing on various trees, but those growing on pines are considered authentic. The *Book of Songs* states: "Niao and Nüluo spread upon the pine." Niao is a parasitic plant, (text incomplete here, implying distinction between Niao and Nüluo).
[Gouji (Cibotium Rhizome)]
Taste: pungent. Nature: cold. Non-toxic. Indications: Treats heart and abdominal pain, carbuncles and swellings, suppuration, and pain. Resolves meridional blockages; treats male deficiency damage, impotence, seminal emission; tonifies Kidney Qi, benefits essence and marrow. Also known as Jizhen (Thorn Needle), also known as Jici (Thorn Spine). Grows in the valleys of Yongzhou. Li Yun states this is the thorn of the Sour Jujube tree; nowadays people substitute it with the sprouts of Asparagus cochinchinensis, which is not authentic. (From *Xinxiu Bencao* page 143, *Daguan Bencao* Vol. 13, *Zhenghe Bencao* page 329)
[Xi Ming / Ma Ju etc.]
Taste: bitter. Nature: neutral. Non-toxic. Indications: Treats metal wounds (Jinchuang), internal bleeding (Neilou), brightens the eyes. Harvested 120 days after the Winter Solstice. The fruit treats brightening the eyes, flaccidity and obstruction in the heart and abdomen, clears heat, and promotes urination. Grows by the roadside. Harvested in April. Also known as Xi [character missing], also known as Ma Ju, also known as Ci Yuan. There is also Zaozhen, which treats lower back pain and bi-syndrome of the throat causing obstruction. This entry contains contradictions; likely Li's statements are mostly correct, yet it mentions its flower is also called Xi [character missing], which suggests it might be a different substance unrelated to Zaozhen. Nowadays, people universally use the sprouts of Asparagus cochinchinensis, which I do not approve. The sprouts of Asparagus cochinchinensis are good for making drinks and benefit humans, but they certainly cannot replace Jici (Thorn Spine). (From *Xinxiu Bencao* page 14... [text truncated])
[Gouji (Cibotium Rhizome) - Second Entry]
Taste: bitter, sweet. Nature: neutral, slightly warm. Non-toxic. Indications: Treats stiffness of the waist and back, rigidity of joints, generalized bi-syndrome due to cold-dampness, knee pain; particularly beneficial for the elderly. Treats involuntary urination; male weak legs and lower back pain, wind-pathogen dripping exposure, shortness of breath, dim vision, strengthens the spine, facilitates bending and stretching; treats women's internal injury, heavy sensation in joints. Also known as Baizhi, also known as Qianglü, also known as Fugai, also known as Fujin. Grows in the valleys of Changshan. Roots harvested in February and August, sun-dried. (Note: Text seems to mix descriptions, possibly referencing Biba or similar plants). Now found everywhere in mountains and fields, similar to Ba [character missing] but slightly different. Its stems and leaves are small and fleshy, nodes are sparse, stems are thick and straight, with thorns on top, leaves are round with red [color/veins]... [text truncated]