味咸，平，有毒。主治鬼疰，精物，邪恶气，杀百精，蛊毒，老魅注易，亡走，啼哭，
悲伤，恍惚。一名徐长卿。生陇西池泽山谷。
此又名徐长卿，恐是尔，方家无用。此处世中皆不复识别也。（《新修》三六一页《大观
》卷三十，《政和》五四六页）
味苦，寒，有毒。主治 热，身暴赤色，风水积聚，恶疡，除小儿热。去五脏五水，大
腹，利小便，益气，可作浴汤。一名鬼桃，一名羊肠，一名苌楚，一名御戈，一名铫戈。生
山林川谷及生田野，二月采，阴干。
山野多有，甚似家桃，又非山桃。子小细，苦不堪啖，花甚赤。《诗》云∶“隰有苌楚”
者，即此也。方药亦不复用。（《大观》卷十一，《政和》二七三页）
味苦，寒，无毒。主治头秃疥瘙，除热，女子阴蚀。浸淫，疽痔，杀虫。一名东方宿，
一名连虫陆，一名鬼目，一名蓄。生陈留川泽。
今人呼名秃菜，即是蓄音之讹。《诗》云∶“言采其蓄”。又一种极相似而味酸，呼为酸
模
味苦，平，无毒。主治蛊毒，女子腰腹痛，不乐，肠痈，瘰 ，疡气。生汶山山谷。
方药不复用，人亦罕识。葛根之苗，又一名鹿藿。《大观》卷十一，《政和》二七九页）
味苦，寒，无毒。主治五癃，破石淋，膀胱中结气，利水道小便。生南阳川泽。
一名烂石草，又云即马矢蒿。（《新修》三六二页，《大观》卷三○，《政和》五四六页）
[Shixia Changqing]
Salty in taste, neutral in nature, toxic. Indicated for Gui Zhu (chronic consumption disease caused by evil qi), Jing Wu (affliction by spirits), evil and malignant qi; kills various spirits, Gu poison (poison caused by venomous insects), Lao Mei Zhu Yi (changes in condition due to possession by old demons), Wang Zou (mental confusion and erratic behavior), crying, sadness, and trance-like states. Also known as Xuchangqing. Grows in the ponds, marshes, and valleys of Longxi.
This is also called Xuchangqing, which is likely correct, but practitioners do not use it. People in the world no longer recognize it. (From *Xinxiu Bencao* p. 361, *Daguan Bencao* Vol. 30, *Zhenghe Bencao* p. 546)
[Lianshi Cao]
Bitter in taste, cold in nature, toxic. Indicated for heat diseases, sudden reddening of the body, Feng Shui Ji Ju (accumulation of wind-water dampness), severe sores; removes pediatric fever. Eliminates water retention in the five zang organs, abdominal distension, promotes urination, benefits qi, and can be used for medicinal baths. Also known as Gui Tao, Yangchang, Changchu, Yuge, and Diaoge. Grows in mountain forests, rivers, valleys, and fields; harvested in February and dried in the shade.
Abundant in wild areas, resembling peach trees but distinct from mountain peaches. The fruits are small and fine, bitter and inedible, while the flowers are very red. The *Classic of Poetry* states: "In the lowlands grow Changchu," referring to this plant. It is no longer used in prescriptions. (From *Daguan Bencao* Vol. 11, *Zhenghe Bencao* p. 273)
[Chu]
Bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Indicated for alopecia, scabies, and itching; clears heat; treats female genital erosion, impetigo, carbuncles, hemorrhoids; kills parasites. Also known as Dongfang Su, Lianchong Lu, Gui Mu, and Chu. Grows in the rivers and marshes of Chenliu.
Currently called Tuccai (bald vegetable), which is a phonetic error for Chu. The *Classic of Poetry* states: "Gathering its Chu." Another variety is extremely similar but sour in taste, called Suanmo (Rumex acetosa).
[Gegen Zhi Miao / Luhuo]
Bitter in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Indicated for Gu poison, lower back and abdominal pain in women, depression, intestinal abscess, scrofula (luoli), and ulcer-related qi stagnation. Grows in the valleys of Wenshan.
No longer used in prescriptions, and rarely recognized by people. It is the sprout of Gegen (Kudzu Root), also known as Luhuo. (From *Daguan Bencao* Vol. 11, *Zhenghe Bencao* p. 279)
[Mashi Hao / Lanshi Cao]
Bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Indicated for Wu Long (five types of urinary difficulty), breaking stone lin (lithiasis), resolving qi stagnation in the bladder, and promoting water passages and urination. Grows in the rivers and marshes of Nanyang.
Also known as Lanshi Cao, or said to be Mashi Hao (Artemisia verlotiorum). (From *Xinxiu Bencao* p. 362, *Daguan Bencao* Vol. 30, *Zhenghe Bencao* p. 546)