味苦，微寒，有毒。主逐瘀血，破下血积，坚痞，症瘕，寒热，通利血脉及九窍，女子
月
此即今啖牛马血者，伺其腹满掩取干之，方家皆呼为虻虫矣。（《大观》卷二十一，《政
和》四三三页）
味咸，寒，有毒。主治血瘀，症坚，寒热，破积聚，喉咽痹。内塞无子，通利血脉。
生晋阳川泽及人家屋间，立秋采。
形亦似 虫而轻小能飞，本在草中。八月、九月知寒，多入人家屋里逃尔。有两三种，
以
味咸、苦，平、微寒，有毒。主逐恶血，瘀血，月闭，破血瘕，积聚，无子。利水道
，又堕胎。一名 ，一名至掌。生雷泽池泽。五月、六月采，曝干。
，今复有数种，此用马蜞，得啮人腹中有血者，仍干为佳。山 及诸小者，皆不用。
楚王食寒菹，所得而吞之，果能去结积，虽曰阴 ，亦是物性兼然。（《大观》卷二十二，《政
和》四四八页）
味辛，温，无毒。主温中，心腹痛，呕吐，去口臭气。生南海。
味辛烈者为好，甚香，可恒含之。其五和糁中物皆宜人∶廉姜最温中，下气；益智，热；
枸
味甘，平，无毒。主治筋骨湿痹，益气倍力，强志，令人肥健，耐饥，忍风寒。久食轻
身，不老，延年。可作酒，逐水，利小便。生陇西五原敦煌山谷。
魏国使人多 来，状如五味子而甘美，可作酒，云用其藤汁殊美好。北国人多肥健耐寒，
盖食斯乎？不植淮南，亦如橘之变于河北矣。人说即是此间 ，恐如彼之枳类橘耶？（《新
修》二四二页，《大观》卷二十三，《政和》四六三页）
[Fei Meng] (Oestrus fly larva)
Bitter, slightly cold, toxic. Primarily expels blood stasis, breaks down sub-abdominal blood accumulations, hard epigastric masses, and zheng jia (abdominal masses), treats alternating chills and fever, unblocks the blood vessels and nine orifices. For women's menstrual irregularities...
This is what people now obtain by feeding cattle and horses blood, capturing them when their abdomens are full of blood, and drying them; medical practitioners all refer to it as Meng Chong (Tabanus larva). (Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 21, Zheng He Ben Cao p. 433)
[Shui Zhi] (Leech)
Salty, cold, toxic. Primarily treats blood stasis, hard zheng masses, alternating chills and fever, breaks down accumulations, and relieves throat obstruction. For infertility caused by internal blockage of blood stasis, it unblocks the blood vessels.
Grows in the rivers and marshes of Jinyang and under eaves of houses; collected at Start of Autumn.
Its shape resembles Luo Chong (snail-like insect) but is lighter, smaller, and capable of flight; originally found in grass. In August and September, sensing the cold, it often enters human dwellings for shelter. There are two or three types, using...
[Ma Qi] (Horse leech variant)
Salty, bitter, neutral, slightly cold, toxic. Primarily expels foul blood, blood stasis, amenorrhea, breaks down blood zheng and accumulations, and treats infertility. Promotes water passage, and can also induce abortion. Also known as..., also known as Zhi Zhang. Grows in Leize pools and marshes. Collected in May and June, sun-dried.
There are now several other types; here, Ma Qi is used, specifically those that have bitten humans and have blood in their abdomens; dried specimens are preferred. Shan Qi and other small varieties are not used.
When King Chu consumed Han Zu (pickled vegetables) and swallowed them, it indeed removed accumulated masses; although attributed to Yin..., this is also due to the combined nature of this substance. (Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 22, Zheng He Ben Cao p. 448)
[Jiang] (Ginger)
Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Primarily warms the middle jiao, treats heart and abdominal pain, vomiting, and removes bad breath odor. Grows in the South Sea region.
Those with a pungent and sharp taste are superior; very fragrant, can be held in the mouth constantly. The five items mixed in San (grain powder) are all suitable: Lian Jiang most effectively warms the middle jiao and directs qi downward; Yi Zhi (Alpinia oxyphylla fruit) is hot; Gou...
[Wu Wei Zi / Similar Fruit]
Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-damp bi syndrome affecting sinews and bones, supplements qi and doubles strength, strengthens willpower, makes one robust and strong, tolerates hunger, and withstands wind-cold. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents aging, and prolongs life. Can be made into wine, expels water, and promotes urination. Grows in the mountains and valleys of Wuyuan and Dunhuang, Longxi.
Envoys from the Wei State often brought..., resembling Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis) but sweeter and more delicious, can be made into wine; it is said that using its vine juice is particularly fine. People in the north are often robust and tolerant of cold, likely due to consuming this? It does not grow in Huainan, just as citrus changes when moved to Hebei. Some say it is the same as [...] here, perhaps similar to Zhi (Citrus reticulata 'Chachi') like Ju (Citrus reticulata)? (Xin Xiu Ben Cao p. 242, Da Guan Ben Cao Vol. 23, Zheng He Ben Cao p. 463)