味辛、甘、苦，寒，无毒。主治疝瘕，肠泄，膀胱热结，溺不下，咳逆，温疟，癫痫，
惊邪狂走。治五脏虚气，小腹支满，胪胀，口干，除肾邪，强志。久服坚骨髓，益气，轻身。
中火者不可服，令人恍惚见鬼。一名梨盖，一名房慈，一名爵离，一名农果，一名利茹，一
名方盖。生临淄川谷，及嵩高、太山、少室。三月三日采根，曝干。
北信断，今用建平间者，云本与野狼毒同根，犹如三建，今其形亦相似，但置水中不沉尔，
而野狼毒陈久亦不能沉矣。（《大观》卷六，《政和》一五五页）
味苦、酸，平，无毒。主益气，充肌肤，明目，聪慧，先知，久服不饥，不老，轻身。
生少室山谷。八月、九月采实，日干。（《大观》卷六，《政和》一六七页）
味甘，寒，无毒。主治阴痿水肿，益气，充肌肤，明目。久服不饥，不老轻身。生少室
山，一名谷实，所在有之。八月、九月采实，日干，四十日成。叶，味甘，无毒。主治小儿
身热，食不生肌，可作浴汤。又主治恶疮生肉。树皮，主逐水，利小便。茎，主瘾疹痒，单
煮洗浴。其皮间白汁治癣。
此即今谷树子也，《仙方》采捣取汁和丹用，亦干服，使人通神见鬼。南人呼谷纸，亦
为
味酸，平，无毒。主治心腹寒热，邪结气，四肢酸疼湿痹。烦心不得眠，脐上下痛，血
转、久泄，虚汗、烦渴。补中，益肝气，坚筋大骨，助阴气，令人肥健。久服安五脏，轻身，
延年。生河东川泽。八月采实。阴干卅日成。（恶防己。）
今出东山间，云即是山枣树子，子似武昌枣，而味极酸，东人乃啖之以醒睡，与此治不
得
[Fang Kui]
Pungent, sweet, and bitter in flavor; cold in nature; non-toxic. It treats hernia masses (abdominal accumulations), intestinal diarrhea, heat stagnation in the bladder leading to difficulty in urination, rebellious qi with coughing, warm malaria, epilepsy, and manic running caused by frightful evil pathogens. It treats deficiency qi of the five zang organs, fullness and distension in the lower abdomen, abdominal swelling, dry mouth, expels kidney evil pathogens, and strengthens willpower. Long-term consumption solidifies bone marrow, benefits qi, and lightens the body. Those with internal fire should not take it, as it causes mental confusion and hallucinations of seeing ghosts. Also known as Li Gai, Fang Ci, Jue Li, Nong Guo, Li Ru, and Fang Gai. It grows in the valleys of Linzi, as well as in Songshan, Taishan, and Shaoshi mountains. The roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and sun-dried.
Sources from the north have ceased; currently, those from Jianping are used. It is said that originally it shared the same root as Yelangdu (Radix Stellerae Chamaejasme), similar to the Sanjian herbs. Its shape is now also similar, but it does not sink when placed in water, whereas aged Yelangdu also fails to sink. (Da Guan Ben Cao, Vol. 6; Zheng He Ben Cao, p. 155)
[Suan Zao]
Bitter and sour in flavor; neutral in nature; non-toxic. It primarily benefits qi, fills the flesh and skin, brightens the eyes, enhances hearing and vision, provides precognition, and long-term consumption prevents hunger, delays aging, and lightens the body. It grows in the valleys of Shaoshi mountain. The fruits are harvested in August and September and sun-dried. (Da Guan Ben Cao, Vol. 6; Zheng He Ben Cao, p. 167)
[Gu Shi Zi / Gu Shi]
Sweet in flavor; cold in nature; non-toxic. It treats impotence and edema, benefits qi, fills the flesh and skin, and brightens the eyes. Long-term consumption prevents hunger, delays aging, and lightens the body. It grows in Shaoshi mountain, also known as Gu Shi, and is found everywhere. The fruits are harvested in August and September, sun-dried, and processed over forty days. The leaves are sweet in flavor and non-toxic. They treat fever in children, failure of muscles to grow after eating, and can be used as a bathing decoction. They also treat malignant sores with excessive granulation tissue. The bark treats water retention and promotes diuresis. The stems treat urticaria and itching when boiled alone for bathing. The white juice between the bark treats tinea.
This is the seed of the current Morus alba tree (Mulberry). In Xian Fang, it is collected, pounded, and its juice extracted to mix with pills, or taken dry, which allows one to communicate with spirits and see ghosts. Southerners call it Gu Zhi (Paper Mulberry Paper), and it is also used as...
[Shan Zao]
Sour in flavor; neutral in nature; non-toxic. It treats cold and heat in the heart and abdomen, pathogenic qi accumulation, soreness and pain in the limbs due to damp-bi syndrome. It addresses vexation, insomnia, pain above and below the umbilicus, bloody dysentery, chronic diarrhea, spontaneous sweating, and vexatious thirst. It tonifies the middle jiao, benefits liver qi, strengthens sinews and large bones, aids yin qi, and makes the person robust and strong. Long-term consumption calms the five zang organs, lightens the body, and prolongs life. It grows in the rivers and marshes of Hedong. The fruits are harvested in August and dried in the shade for thirty days. (Contraindicated with Fang Ji.)
It is now produced in the eastern mountains, said to be the fruit of the Shan Zao tree. The seeds resemble Wuchang dates but are extremely sour. Eastern people consume them to refresh themselves and dispel sleep, which differs from the therapeutic effects described here...