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Bibo (Long Pepper Fruit)
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Greatly Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Originates from foreign countries, growing within bamboo forests. The plant grows in clumps, approximately two chi tall, with round, green, broad leaves, more than two cun wide.
It flowers, with white color exposed on the surface. Fruits form in the seventh lunar month,
the size of a little finger. Seeds are harvested at the end of autumn and dried in the shade; their pungency is stronger than that of sauce. It is commonly traded on ships in Lingnan, capable of resolving retained food, directing Qi downward,
removing stomach cold, and warming the middle jiao.
It expels pi accumulation (masses), yin hernia pain, and immediately relieves pain caused by cold qi in cholera. It controls watery diarrhea and deficiency-type dysentery, stops vomiting and acid regurgitation. When combined with Terminalia chebula (Hezi), Ginseng (Renshen), Cinnamon Heart (Guixin), and Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) to make pills, it is miraculous for treating deficiency-cold of the zang-fu organs, borborygmus,
and diarrhea/dysentery. It also eliminates fishy odors and enhances food flavor. Long-term use depletes true Yang, leading to intestinal deficiency and a sensation of heaviness/prolapse in the anus. The root is named Bibo She,
black and hard, resembling Bupleurum Root (Chaihu); it can
treat阴汗 (yin sweating), cold hernia, and testicular swelling.

Gujiu from Shuzhou
Gujiu from Qizhou
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Slightly Warm. Toxicity: Toxic. Most abundant in Qizhou, Hangzhou, Xiangyang, and Xia regions; found only in deep mountains and shady places. A single stem rises from the soil, with one leaf at the tip of the tough stem. (
The shape resembles an umbrella cover. Another account states: leaves have six or five lobes, resembling a goose's webbed foot.) In the morning, it faces East; in the evening, it faces West (Note: Original text 'Jiu' is likely a typo for 'West' or 'Direction', based on botanical characteristics and parallel structure). It adds one node each year. (Each year, one stem grows; when the stem withers, it forms one 'mortar-like' node; after twenty years, there are twenty
nodes.) Authentic collection is required; do not purchase counterfeit products. It is feared by Yuan Yi (wall moss) and can be used to control it. It wards off epidemic noxious qi and inauspiciousness, kills gu poison, gui-zhu (ghost transmission), and spirit entities.
It removes red eyes and skin nebulae, treats throat nodules and wind-pathogens. It is not used in decoctions but only in powder form.

Dry Moss
Taste: Salty. Nature: Cold. Another view holds it to be Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. It refers to green moss on the ground. It has damp-draining properties and grows in shady areas. It treats chest and abdominal stuffiness and irritability; grind and mix with water to drink. It treats cholera and vomiting; harvest and decoct to take as juice. It disperses various sores and scabies, kills parasites, and expels all Dan-Shi (mineral pill) toxins. However, dosage must not exceed limits, as it can cause blood deficiency and sallow complexion. Those growing on old roofs are named Wuyou. They benefit the bladder, direct rebellious Qi downward, and clear floating heat in the skin. Those growing beside ancient walls are named Yuanyi. They primarily treat jaundice with irritability, and sudden heat attacking the interior of the intestines and stomach. Zhili grows on wet stones, stops diarrhea and dysentery, strengthens Stomach Qi, promotes digestion, and warms the middle jiao. Tuma Zong grows on earthen wall tops, cools bone-steaming fever, stops epistaxis, resolves toxicity, and drives out heat. Well moss is sought from the bottom of wells, treating edema, lacquer dermatitis, and hot sores. Boat moss is sought from the bottom of boats, treating the five types of strangury, epistaxis, and hematemesis. Xiye grows on mountain rocks, removing childhood febrile diseases, convulsions, and epilepsy. Wasong (Roof Pine) grows in roof gutters, unblocking menstrual obstruction in women.
(Chen Jiamo) Commentary: Extremely cheap substances bear many names because they attach to different environments, resulting in varied therapeutic effects. Although Wasong is a different species, it also arises from dampness. Therefore, it is recorded together for easy reference.