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Currently, people only know that Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) can resolve phlegm, but do not mention its ability to benefit the Spleen (Zang organ responsible for transformation and transportation), likely because it can separate and drain fluids. The Spleen dislikes dampness; when dampness is excessive, the Spleen becomes soggy and sluggish, and when sluggish, it cannot control water metabolism. The Classics state: "When dampness prevails, diarrhea occurs." A man suffered from frequent nocturia. Someone advised him to take 1 liang of crushed fresh ginger, Pinellia rhizoma washed with water, and 30 jujubes. These were boiled in one sheng of water in a porcelain bottle over slow fire until ready. He was instructed to sip this decoction occasionally. After several days, his condition resolved.

This refers to the young shoots of Changshan (Dichroae Radix). It is used to treat malaria and cases involving severe vomiting, but no other significant advantages are observed. This is an herbaceous plant. Considering the passage of time, people may have different opinions later, so I state this in advance. The rest follows the Classics.

Shuqi (Radix Dichroae) is the root of Changshan. It also treats malaria and expectoration of phlegm. The roots resembling chicken bones are considered superior.

The Classics do not mention its use for eye diseases; this was first stated in *Yao Xing Lun* (Treatise on Medicinal Properties). It can treat liver heat-toxin rushing to the eyes, causing red nebulae (corneal opacity) and blindness. Xiao Bing said: "Regulates the eyes." Ri Hua Zi said: "Benefits the brain marrow, clarifies the ears and eyes, and anchors the Liver." Nowadays, people mostly use it to treat eye diseases, which does not align well with the original intent of the Classics.

In ancient and modern formulas for oral administration, few use this herb. It is more commonly seen in formulas for astringing sores. These two substances often act synergistically.

This is the current Qinghao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba), found everywhere. It emerges earliest in spring. People prepare it as a vegetable by removing stems and leaves; its root is reddish and its leaves are fragrant. People now call it Qinghao, but there are distinctions. Among plants of the same category, those with a greener hue are selected. In Shaanxi, Suizhou, and Yinzhou, there is Qinghao. Among clumps of mugwort-like herbs, occasionally one or two clusters stand out with a distinctly green color, which locals call Xianghao (Fragrant Mugwort). Its stems and leaves are similar to common mugwort, but while common mugwort is pale green, this variety is deep green. Because it remains green, its aroma is fragrant. It is feared that the ancients preferred the deep-green variety for better efficacy; otherwise, why would all mugworts not be green?

It does not tower above other grasses, nor does it grow in low-lying wetlands; it is abundant in the valleys of Mount Tai. Currently, only its seeds are used. When broken, the seed parts lie close together like a quill or hook, which is likely how it got its name. It is most effective in treating residual heat in the Heart channel, especially suitable for children.

It grows in the borders of Luoyang, Henan, and the mountainous areas of Xin'an. Its nature is warm. It stops abdominal pain and warms the waist and knees. The annotations in *Xin Xiu Ben Cao* (Newly Revised Materia Medica) and *Yao Xing Lun* are very detailed. Tao Hongjing failed to examine this carefully, and thus deserves criticism. I have frequently seen it in the wilds of Xin'an County, exactly as described in the *Xin Xiu Ben Cao*. To this day, sellers in Chu Mountain sell Baitouweng Wan (Pulsatilla Pill), claiming it prolongs life, which misses the original meaning behind the ancients' naming of the herb.