葫，大蒜也，其气极荤，然置臭肉中掩臭气。中暑毒人，烂嚼三两瓣，以温水送之，下
咽，即知，仍禁饮冷水。又，患暴下血，以葫五、七枚，去梗、皮，量多少入豆豉，捣为膏
，可丸即丸梧子大，以米饮下五六十丸，无不愈者。又，鼻衄，烂研一颗，涂两足心下，才
止，便拭去。又将紫皮者横切作片子，浓一分。初患疮发于背胁间未辨痈疽者，若阳滞于
阴，即为痈阴滞于阳，即为疽。痈即皮光赤，疽即皮肉纹起不泽。并以葫片覆之，用艾灸
。如已痛，灸至不痛。如不痛，灸至痛。初觉即便灸，无不效者。仍审度正，于中心贴葫，
灸之。世人往往不晤此疮，初见其疮小，不肯灸，惜哉！
蒜，小蒜也。又谓之 ，苗如葱针。根白，大者如乌芋，子兼根煮食之。又谓之宅蒜，
华佗用蒜齑是此物。
不甚香，经冬根不死，辟蠹，于诸菜中亦不甚佳。
新罗国出一种，淡光，微紫色，形长味甘。今其子已遍中国蔬圃中。惟此无益，并无
所治，只说损人。后人虽有处治之法，然终与《本经》相失。圃人又植于暖处，浓加粪壤，
遂于小满前后求贵价以售，既不以时，损人益多。不时不食，于可忽也。
诸家之说参差不一，只是今脂麻，更无他义。盖其种出于大宛，故言胡麻。今胡地所
出者，皆肥大。其纹鹊，其色紫黑，故如此区别。取油亦多，故诗云∶“松下饭胡麻”。此
乃是所食之谷无疑，与白油麻为一等。如川大黄、川当归、川升麻、上党人参、齐州半夏之
类，不可与他土者更为一物。盖特以其地之所宜立名也。是知胡麻与白油麻为一物。尝官于
顺安军，雄、霸州之间备见之。又二条皆言无毒，治疗大同。今之用白油麻，世不可一日阙
也。然亦不至于大寒，宜两审之。
Background Information
Book: Bencao Yanyi (Supplement to Materia Medica)
Author: Kou Zongshi
Dynasty: Song Dynasty, Zhenghe 6th Year
Chapter: Hu (Garlic) / ... / Huma (Sesame) (Total 6 sections)
Category: Materia Medica
Original Text Processing
Hu (Garlic), also known as Da Suan (Allium sativum L.), has a very strong pungent odor, yet it can be placed among foul meat to mask the bad smell. For those suffering from heatstroke toxin, chew three or two cloves thoroughly and swallow them with warm water; once swallowed, relief is immediately felt. Drinking cold water should still be prohibited. Furthermore, for sudden severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding, take five to seven bulbs of garlic, remove the stems and skins, add an appropriate amount of fermented soybeans (Douchi), pound into a paste, and if possible, form pills the size of sophora seeds. Take fifty to sixty pills with rice water; there are no cases that do not heal. Additionally, for epistaxis (nosebleed), crush one bulb and apply it to the soles of both feet; the bleeding stops immediately, after which it should be wiped off. Also, slice purple-skinned garlic horizontally into pieces one fen thick. When a sore initially appears between the back and ribs without distinguishing between carbuncle (Yong) and ulcer (Ju): if yang stagnates in yin, it becomes a carbuncle; if yin stagnates in yang, it becomes an ulcer. A carbuncle presents with smooth, red skin, while an ulcer presents with wrinkled, dull skin and flesh. Cover both with garlic slices and apply moxibustion. If pain already exists, moxa until the pain ceases; if there is no pain, moxa until pain arises. Apply moxibustion as soon as the condition is perceived; there are no ineffective cases. Ensure accurate positioning, place the garlic slice at the center, and moxa. People often fail to understand this sore; seeing it small initially, they refuse moxibustion, what a pity!
Suan (Small Garlic), also known as Xiao Suan. It is also called [Name missing in text], with shoots like green onion needles. The root is white, large ones resembling taro (Wu Yu). Both the seeds and roots can be boiled and eaten. It is also called Zhai Suan (Household Garlic); Hua Tuo used minced garlic made from this substance.
It is not very fragrant. The roots survive through winter, repel insects, but among various vegetables, it is not particularly excellent.
A variety comes from Silla (Xinluo Guo), pale luster, slightly purple, long shape, sweet taste. Its seeds are now widespread in vegetable gardens throughout China. This variety is only harmful and has no therapeutic use, merely said to damage people. Although later generations have methods to treat it, it ultimately deviates from the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica). Gardeners plant it in warm places, adding rich manure, and sell it at high prices around the Minor Fullness solar term. Since it is not harvested in season, it causes more harm. "Do not eat unless it is in season," how can this be ignored?
Many people eat it, but its nature is cold and slippery, as noted in the section on Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis).
Various schools of thought differ inconsistently; it simply refers to today's Zhima (Sesame), with no other meaning. Its seed originated from Dayuan, hence called Huma (Barbarian Sesame). Those produced in Hu regions are all plump and large. Their patterns resemble magpies, their color purple-black, thus distinguished in this way. Oil extraction yields much, hence the poem says: "Eating Huma with rice under the pine." This is undoubtedly a grain for consumption, equal in grade to Bai Youma (White Oily Sesame). Just as Chuan Dahuang (Rhubarb from Sichuan), Chuan Danggui (Angelica sinensis from Sichuan), Chuan Shengma (Cimicifuga from Sichuan), Shangdang Renshen (Ginseng from Shangdang), Qizhou Banxia (Pinellia from Qizhou), etc., cannot be considered the same as those from other regions, names are established specifically based on local suitability. Thus, it is known that Huma and Bai Youma are the same substance. I once served as an official in Shun'an Jun, between Xiong and Bazhou, where I saw it extensively. Both entries state it is non-toxic, and treatments are largely similar. Today, the use of Bai Youma is indispensable in the world. However, it does not reach the level of being extremely cold; this should be carefully examined.