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Triticum aestivum (Xiaomai, 小麦) and Triticum vulgare (Damai, 大麦) are sown in autumn, grow through winter, head in spring, and mature in summer. Possessing the Qi of all four seasons, they are esteemed among the five grains as precious. In warm regions, they may also be sown in spring, but by summer, the influence of the four seasonal Qi is insufficient, hence they are considered to possess slight toxicity. (Su Song) Wheat nature dislikes dampness; prolonged heavy rain leads to poor maturation. (Li Shizhen)

The taste is sweet, the Qi is slightly cold. It enters the Hand Shaoyin (Heart) and Hand Taiyang (Small Intestine) meridians. New wheat has a hot nature, while aged wheat is neutral and mild. (Li Shizhen)
It primarily nourishes Heart Qi, stops deficiency sweating, and is suitable for consumption by those with Heart disease. It eliminates exogenous heat, vexation, thirst, and dry throat. (When making decoctions, the bran should not split; if it splits, the nature becomes warm and cannot clear heat or stop vexation.)

Wheat flour (Baifan, 白面) has a sweet and warm taste/nature, and its property is cloying and generates heat. (It cannot clear heat or stop vexation.) It has slight toxicity. (Swimming Sichuan Pepper or eating radish can resolve the toxicity.) It tends to stir up Wind Qi.
Aged wheat flour boiled in water is non-toxic. It primarily tonifies Qi, supplements deficiencies, and long-term consumption makes the skin and body robust, thickening the intestines and stomach. Mixed with water and taken orally, it treats Heatstroke and stops epistaxis and hematemesis. (Various Materia Medica records). Medical formularies use it to treat Phlegm-Fluids, wheezing, vomiting, diarrhea, lingual bleeding, headache, heart pain, and epigastric pain. In the southeast, where the terrain is low and damp with abundant spring rain, wheat absorbs damp Qi. If stored improperly in cellars, its efficacy in tonifying deficiency is compromised, and it becomes cold and cool. In contrast, wheat from the northwest better tonifies Clear Yang Qi.

[General Discussion on Wheat Flour] Both wheats emerge during the time of harvest and complete their growth when Summer Qi is flourishing, indicating that their constitution and Qi reception follow the path from Shaoyin to Zhiyin. The coarser varieties do not conform to the proper timing and lose their integrity; this can be inferred from treatments for Heatstroke. Specifically, wheat from the northwest has superior nourishing effects, whereas that from the southeast is inferior.
Individuals with Damp-Heat in the Spleen and Stomach, and children with food stagnation leading to malnutrition and abdominal distension, should not consume it. Those suffering from malaria and dysentery in summer must strictly avoid it. (Chen Shigong)

Floating Wheat (Fumai, 浮麦) refers to wheat grains that float when washed in water, used after roasting.
The taste is sweet and salty, the Qi is cold. It tonifies Qi, clears heat, stops spontaneous sweating and night sweats, addresses bone-steaming deficiency heat, and treats consumptive fever in women. Note: Floating wheat retains the cold nature completely, thus it is effective in stopping sweating.

Wheat Bran (Maifu, 麦麸) shares the same nature as Floating Wheat but has a lesser effect in stopping sweating. It treats wandering Bi syndrome with night sweats. Made into cakes with flour, it aids digestion and stops dysentery. For painful migration of Wind-Dampness in the hands and feet, mix wheat bran with strong vinegar, roast until hot, place in a cloth bag, and apply as a compress to the affected area, alternating until sweating occurs. This method also treats Cold-Dampness podagra. For postpartum deficiency sweating, mix equal parts of wheat bran and Oyster Shell (Muli, 牡蛎), grind into powder, and take two qian mixed with pork juice, twice daily. For general body pain, ulcerative sores with oozing, or infants with summer pox that ulcerate and prevent lying on mats, sew the bran into padded mattresses for the patient to lie upon. Its cool and soft nature makes this an excellent method.

Wheat Starch (Maifen, 麦粉) is the sediment obtained after washing out gluten from wheat flour, commonly known as Xiaofen (Little Powder).
The taste is sweet, the Qi is cool. Boiled with vinegar into a paste, it resolves all types of carbuncles, swellings, and burns/scalds. Wulong Gao (Black Dragon Ointment) treats all carbuncles, back abscesses, and unnameable swellings/toxins. Applied on paper when initially heating... [text fragmentary] ...until pus drains and healing occurs.

Hordeum vulgare (Damai, 大麦)
The taste is salty and warm, slightly cold. It primarily treats polydipsia, clears heat, expands the chest and directs Qi downward, harmonizes the Stomach, aids grain digestion, treats abdominal fullness, and stops diarrhea without stirring Wind or generating Dryness-Heat.

[Discussion] Although large and small wheats are planted and harvested around the same time, small wheat matures later than large wheat. This indicates that large wheat's ability to avoid stirring Wind and generating Dryness-Heat surpasses that of small wheat, aligning more closely with... [text fragmentary].

Fagopyrum esculentum (Qiaomai, 荞麦)
The taste is sweet, sour, and neutral, the Qi is slightly cold. It descends Qi, widens the intestines, refines turbid residues of the Five Zang organs, grinds away stagnation, treats leukorrhea and cloudy urine, Spleen-stagnation diarrhea, and dysentery. Take two qian of buckwheat flour, mix with rock sugar water, roast, and ingest. For intestinal colic, roast buckwheat flour until charred, mix with hot water, and drink. Since it is difficult to digest, it helps eliminate deposits in the intestines and stomach. (Zhao Xuemin) For mild abdominal pain followed by frequent, scanty stools day and night, consume a beverage made solely of buckwheat flour three to four times consecutively to achieve recovery. This demonstrates its power to refine stagnation. For cough with rebellious Qi, take four liang of buckwheat flour, two qian of tea powder, and two liang of raw honey... [text fragmentary].

[Discussion] Buckwheat fully acquires the Qi of Metal. Metal combines with Fire to generate transformation, hence its leaves are green and stems red. (All living things rely on Wind-Wood Qi... frost-related diseases...) Individuals with Spleen-Stomach Deficiency-Cold who consume it will severely deplete Yuan Qi and suffer hair loss. (Li Shizhen)