石绿。阴石也。生铜坑中。铜得紫阳之气而生绿。绿久则成石。谓之石绿。而铜
生于中。与空青曾青同一根源也。今人呼为大绿。（濒湖）
性有小毒。吐风痰甚效。吐风痰法。拣石绿精好者。研筛水飞。再研。如风痰眩闷。取
二三钱。同龙脑三四豆许研匀。薄荷汁合酒温调服之。偃卧须臾。涎自口角流出。不致呕吐。
功胜他药。（颂） 按此味善吐风痰。以其为铜之祖。气取金气之精。能使木平者。莫是过
也。合龙脑名碧霞散。不可以治湿痰。惟同附子尖乌头尖蝎梢用者。名碧霞丹。乃可治之。
中风之痰。风湿有异。此阳中阴中之分也。世人愦愦者多。
胆以色味命名。因其质似矾。俗呼胆矾。出蒲州山穴中。鸭嘴色者为上。产羌里
者色少黑。次之。信州又次之。是物生于石。其经煎炼者即多伪。但以火烧之成汁者。必伪
也。涂于铜铁上。烧之红者。真也。又以铜器盛水。投少许入中。水色不变青碧。数日不异
者。真也。（濒湖） 成块若鸡卵。圆大色青。碧如琉璃。击之纵横解皆成叠。有铜坑内生
者。亦可煎炼而成。今市多以醋揉青矾假充。不可不辨。（嘉谟）
味酸涩。气寒。有毒。入少阳胆经。明目。治目痛及诸痫痉。女子阴蚀痛。并崩中下血。
（本经）入吐风痰药最快。散症积咳逆上气。疗喉蛾。化鼻中 肉。鼠 恶疮。胆矾乃铜之
精液。其性收敛上行。能涌风热痰涎。发散风木相火。又能杀虫。故治咽喉口齿疮毒有奇功。
（濒湖）喉痹极速垂死方。用真鸭嘴胆矾末。醋调灌之。大吐胶痰数升。即瘥。蛊胀及水肿
。用胆矾明亮如翠琉璃者。米醋煮。以君臣之药佐服。胜于铁砂铁蛾。以其入肝胆制脾块故
也。魏清臣消肿黑丸子。即用此。
〔论〕 胆矾气寒。味酸涩。而涩较胜。据其气味。乃是阴不得阳以畅。阳即不得阴以
和。总未离于出地之初气耳。故以对待相火之上逆而化为风淫者。其色青。其味酸涩。似独
全乎出地风木之气化。而还以收降其风邪也。第风木之用。以升出为其能达阴于阳。而酸收
乃其体之根于最初者耳。有收敛于阴。乃能宣散于阳。方书用治胀满黄胆。及去齿风缠喉风
等证。皆由收敛以致宣散之功。是由体而达诸用者也。
再喉痹一症。用胆矾亦宜审处。楼全善有云。喉痹恶寒者。皆是寒折热。寒闭于外。热
郁于内。切忌胆矾酸寒等剂点喉。反使阳郁不伸。为患加剧。然则此味宜于不恶寒之喉痹。
乃阴不能蓄阳之痹。是风淫也。其恶寒之喉痹。乃阳不能达阴之痹。是风虚也。此味能散风
木相火。若恶寒之喉痹。原因郁热。非属相火。宜消阴伸阳。不宜收阳助阴。投剂者可弗审
诸。
Shilü (Malachite). It is a Yin stone. It grows in copper pits. Copper generates green after absorbing the Qi of Ziyang (Purple Sun); when the green persists for a long time, it solidifies into stone, called Shilü (Malachite), and the copper is generated within it. It shares the same origin with Kongqing (Azurite) and Cengqing (Chrysocolla). People now call it Dalü (Large Green). (Benhu)
It has slight toxicity. It is very effective in inducing vomiting to expel Wind-phlegm. The method for inducing vomiting of Wind-phlegm: Select high-quality Shilü (Malachite), grind it, sieve it, and process it by water flotation (Shuifei). Grind it again. If suffering from dizziness and oppression caused by Wind-phlegm, take 2-3 qian, mix with 3-4 beans' worth of Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum), grind evenly, and take with warm wine mixed with Bohe juice (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba). Lie down for a moment, and saliva will flow naturally from the corners of the mouth without causing vomiting. Its efficacy surpasses other herbs. (Song)
Note: This substance is good at vomiting out Wind-phlegm because it is the ancestor of copper, taking the essence of Metal Qi, and nothing can better level Wood (Liver). Combined with Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum), it is named Bixia San (Green Cloud Powder), but it cannot be used to treat Damp-phlegm. Only when used together with Fuzi Jian (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata apex), Wutou Jian (Aconiti Radix apex), and Xieshao (Scorpio tail), named Bixia Dan (Green Cloud Pill), can it treat Damp-phlegm. Phlegm in stroke differs from Wind-Damp; this is the distinction between Yang and Yin-Zhong patterns. Many people in the world are confused.
Danfan (Chalcanthite) is named for its color and taste. Because its texture resembles Mingfan (Alumen), it is commonly called Danfan. It comes from mountain caves in Puzhou. Those resembling duck bills are the best grade. Those from Qiangli have a darker color and are second grade. Those from Xinzhou are third grade. This substance is born from stone; those that have undergone decoction and refining are often counterfeit. If it melts into liquid when burned with fire, it must be fake. If applied to copper or iron and turns red when heated, it is genuine. Also, place a small amount in water held in a copper vessel; if the water does not turn blue-green and remains unchanged for several days, it is genuine. (Benhu)
It forms lumps like chicken eggs, round and large, green-blue like glass. When struck, it splits longitudinally and transversely into layers. Some are naturally generated in copper pits, while others can be made by refining. Nowadays, the market often uses Qingfan (Vitriol) kneaded with vinegar to pass off as fake, so one must not fail to distinguish them. (Jiamo)
Taste is sour and astringent; nature is cold; it is toxic. It enters the Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. It brightens the eyes, treats eye pain and various epilepsy spasms, female genital erosion pain, and metrorrhagia and hypomenorrhea. (Shennong Bencao Jing) It acts fastest among medicines that induce vomiting to expel Wind-phlegm. It dissipates accumulations, cough, and rebellious Qi; treats Hou'e (tonsillitis); dissolves nasal polyps; and treats Shulou (scrofula) and malignant ulcers. Danfan (Chalcanthite) is the essence fluid of copper. Its nature is convergent and ascending; it can surge Wind-Heat phlegm-saliva, disperse Wind-Wood Minister Fire, and kill parasites. Therefore, it has miraculous effects in treating sores and toxins of the throat, mouth, and teeth. (Benhu)
For the emergency formula for severe sore throat leading to imminent death: Use powder of genuine duck-bill Danfan (Chalcanthite), mix with vinegar, and灌 (force-feed/irrigate). Vomiting several sheng of gelatinous phlegm results in recovery. For Guzhhang (abdominal distension due to parasites) and Shuizhong (edema): Use Danfan (Chalcanthite) bright as emerald glass, boil with rice vinegar, and take with sovereign-minister-assistant-courier herbs. It is superior to Tiesha (Iron filings) and Tie'e (Iron moths) because it enters the Liver and Gallbladder to control Spleen masses. Wei Qingchen's Xiaozhong Heiwan (Black Pill for Reducing Swelling) uses this.
[Discussion] Danfan (Chalcanthite) is cold in nature and sour-astringent in taste, with astringency being more prominent. Based on its taste and nature, it represents Yin failing to receive the unblocking power of Yang, and thus Yang fails to harmonize with Yin. It essentially remains in the initial Qi state upon emerging from the earth. Therefore, it is used to counteract Minister Fire rebelling upward and transforming into Wind pathogenic factor. Its color is green, and its taste is sour and astringent, seemingly fully possessing the Qi transformation of Wind-Wood emerging from the earth, thereby returning to收 (gather/restrain) the Wind pathogen. However, the function of Wind-Wood lies in ascending and exiting to reach Yin through Yang, while Sour astringency is the root of its form in the earliest stage. Only by converging in Yin can one disseminate in Yang. Medical texts use it to treat distension, fullness, and jaundice, as well as to remove Chi Feng (wind affecting teeth) and Chanhou Feng (throat-wrapping wind). These all achieve dissemination through convergence. This is reaching function through form.
Regarding the symptom of Houbi (sore throat/throat obstruction), the use of Danfan (Chalcanthite) should also be carefully considered. Lou Quanshan stated: In cases of Houbi accompanied by aversion to cold, it is always Cold restraining Heat; Cold closes externally, and Heat stagnates internally. One must strictly avoid using sour-cold agents like Danfan (Chalcanthite) to irrigate the throat, as this will cause Yang to stagnate without extending, worsening the condition. Thus, this substance is suitable for Houbi without aversion to cold, which is a Bi syndrome where Yin cannot store Yang, belonging to Wind-Yin. The Houbi with aversion to cold is a Bi syndrome where Yang cannot reach Yin, belonging to Wind-Xu (Deficiency). This substance can disperse Wind-Wood Minister Fire. If the Houbi with aversion to cold is due to stagnant Heat rather than Minister Fire, one should eliminate Yin and extend Yang, not gather Yang and assist Yin. Prescribers should not fail to examine these points.