赭者。红黑之间色也。出代郡。一名土朱。一名铁朱。代产难得。择取石上纹头有如浮
沤丁者。谓之丁头代赭。色如鸡冠。且有润泽。染爪甲不渝者良。
味苦甘。气平寒。气薄味浓。阴也。降也。入手少阴手足厥阴经。干姜为之使。畏天雄
附子。治鬼疰贼风。腹中毒邪气。除五脏血脉中热。镇虚逆。大人小儿惊气入腹。女子崩漏
带下。安胎。代赭。阳石也。（外丹本草） 怯则气浮。代赭之重以镇之。伤寒汗吐下后。
心下痞硬。噫气不除者。主旋复代赭汤。（好古） 小儿泻后。眼上。三日不乳。目黄如金。
气将绝。此慢惊风也。宜治肝。用水飞代赭末。每服五分。冬瓜仁煎汤调下愈。急慢惊风。
吊眼撮口。搐搦不定。代赭石火烧醋淬十次。细研水飞。日干。每服一钱或半钱。真金煎汤
调下。连进三服。脚胫上有赤斑。此惊气已出。病当安也。无斑点者不可治。堕胎下血不止。
代赭末一钱。生地汁半盏调服。日三五次。以瘥为度。血崩。赭石火 醋淬七次。为末。白
汤服二钱。诸丹热毒。赭石青黛各二钱。滑石荆芥各一钱。为末。每服钱半。蜜水调下。仍
外敷之。
〔论〕 人身肝脏之气。由阴而升阳者也。升而不能合于天气之阳。则病于风。本经赭
石主治。首言鬼疰贼风。以鬼疰乃元气虚怯之幻象。惟于补益中佐此以镇虚怯。则肝之惊风
自平。何以能之。盖赭石一名铁朱。本金气之化。（山上有赭。其下有铁。）金属天气。而赭
色化赤则从火。是金火合德以畅卫而达营。即木之所以得媾于金而风平者。不仅如铁锈之以
金制木也。若是。则赭石固气分之剂矣。何以能效血分之功欤。曰。阳中之太阳心也。而生
血却在此心。肺合而气盛。气盛而血生。俾清中之浊入胃至脾。而肝乃得司其藏血之职。安
得谓清镇气化不能为血化之地欤。或曰。小儿惊痫。固知病及风木矣。女子崩带。亦专属风
木之病欤。曰。风脏即血脏。血之不获宁谧者。多本脏风木摇之耳。此味以镇浮而平风。则
血不溢。是固然之化机也。但先气而及血。故方书用疗血证者。惟崩漏及之。以女子之血有
余。而气之病于不足以为血患者多也。明于此。则知所以用赭石矣。濒湖专以为血分药。不
知养气丹之用五石。代赭与焉。其所主治曰。诸虚百损。真阳不固。上实下虚。气不升降。
或喘或促。一切体弱气虚之人如此。则非气分药乎。且又曰。并治妇人血海冷惫诸证。是非
由气而及血之证欤。况外丹本草。固以谓为阳石矣。
下部虚寒者不宜。阳虚阴痿者忌。（仲淳）
〔修治〕 赤醋淬。三次或七次。研末水飞。取其相制。并为肝经血分引用也。（濒
湖）
Zhe (Hematite) is an intermediate color between red and black. It originates from Dai Commandery (modern-day Yuxian, Hebei). Also known as Tuzhu (Earth Cinnabar) and Tiezhu (Iron Cinnabar). Hematite produced in Dai is rare. One should select stones with patterns resembling floating bubbles or "Ding" shapes, called "Dingtou Daizhe". The color should be like a rooster's comb, possessing a lustrous sheen, and capable of staining fingernails without fading; such quality is considered superior.
It tastes bitter and sweet, and its nature is neutral and cold. Its qi is light while its flavor is concentrated, belonging to Yin. It has a descending property. It enters the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian and the Hand-Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) serves as its guiding herb (Shi). It is incompatible with Tianxiong (Aconitum brachypodum root) and Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root). It treats Guizhu (ghostly fixation, a chronic wasting disease) and Zeifeng (sudden pathogenic winds), toxic evil qi in the abdomen. It clears heat from the blood vessels of the five zang organs. It anchors deficiency-rebellious qi. It treats adults and children suffering from fright qi entering the abdomen. It treats women with Binglou (metrorrhagia and metrostaxis) and Daixia (leukorrhea). It calms the fetus. Daizhe is a Yang stone. (From *Waidan Bencao*)
When there is timidity, qi floats upward; the heaviness of Daizhe anchors it. After Taiyang syndrome has been treated with sweating, vomiting, or purging methods, if epigastric fullness and hardness occur with persistent belching, Xuanfu Daizhe Tang (Inula and Hematite Decoction) is the primary formula. (Li Haoguo)
After diarrhea in infants, if the eyes roll upward, the infant refuses milk for three days, the sclera turns yellow like gold, and vital qi is nearly exhausted, this is Manjingfeng (Slow Convulsion). Treatment should target the Liver. Use Daizhe powder processed by water flotation. Take 0.5 qian per dose, mixed with decoction of Winter Melon Seeds (Dongguaren). For acute and slow convulsions, characterized by fixed upward gaze (Diaoyan), puckered mouth (Cukou), and irregular spasms: calcine Daizhe Stone by fire and quench in vinegar ten times, grind finely, process by water flotation, and dry. Take 1 qian or 0.5 qian per dose, mixed with decoction of real gold. Administer continuously for three doses. If red spots appear on the calves, it indicates that the fright qi has exited, and the patient will recover. If no spots appear, the condition is incurable.
For post-abortion bleeding that does not stop: take 1 qian of Daizhe powder, mixed with half a cup of Shengdi juice (Rehmanniae Radix Juice). Take 3-5 times daily until recovery. For severe uterine bleeding (Beng): calcine Daizhe Stone by fire and quench in vinegar seven times, grind into powder. Take 2 qian with warm water. For toxic heat from various elixirs: mix 2 qian of Daizhe Stone and Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis), and 1 qian each of Huashi (Talcum) and Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), grind into powder. Take 1.5 qian per dose, mixed with honey water, and apply externally as well.
[Discussion] The qi of the human Liver ascends from Yin to transform into Yang. If this ascent fails to harmonize with the Yang of Heaven, wind pathology arises. In *Benjing* (*Shennong Bencao Jing*), the primary indications for Daizhe Stone are Guizhu and Zeifeng. Since Guizhu is an illusion caused by deficiency and timidity of Yuanqi, only by assisting tonification with Daizhe to anchor deficiency can liver wind and fright subside. How does it achieve this? Daizhe is also named Tiezhu, representing the transformation of Metal qi. (Where there is hematite on the mountain, iron lies beneath.) Metal corresponds to Heavenly Qi, but when hematite transforms into red color, it follows Fire. This represents the virtue of Metal and Fire combining to unblock Wei (Defensive) Qi and reach Ying (Nutritive) Qi. This is why Wood can interact with Metal to calm wind, not merely by Metal restraining Wood like rust. Thus, Daizhe is indeed a Qi-level agent. Why does it exert effects on the Blood level? The answer is: The Sun within Yang is the Heart, yet blood generation occurs here. The Lung combines with the Heart, making Qi abundant; abundant Qi generates Blood. This allows the turbid part of clear Qi to enter the Stomach and Spleen, enabling the Liver to perform its function of storing Blood. How can one claim that clearing and anchoring Qi transformation cannot serve as the ground for Blood transformation? Some say: Infantile convulsions clearly involve Wind-Wood. Do female Binglou and leukorrhea also exclusively belong to Wind-Wood pathology? The response is: The Wind Zang is the Blood Zang. Blood failing to remain tranquil is often due to the shaking of the intrinsic Wind-Wood. This herb anchors floating qi and calms wind, thereby preventing blood extravasation. This is the natural mechanism. However, since it acts on Qi first and then affects Blood, formulas treating blood disorders only mention it for Binglou. This is because women have excess blood, but many blood pathologies stem from Qi deficiency affecting blood. Understanding this reveals the rationale for using Daizhe. Li Shizhen (Binhu) specialized in classifying it as a Blood-level herb, unaware that Yangqi Dan uses Five Stones, including Daizhe. Its indications state: all deficiencies and hundred damages, insecure True Yang, upper excess and lower deficiency, non-ascending and non-descending Qi, or wheezing and rapid breathing. For all individuals with weak constitution and deficient Qi, is this not a Qi-level herb? Furthermore, it states: it also treats various conditions of cold fatigue in the Blood Sea of women. Is this not a pathology extending from Qi to Blood? Moreover, *Waidan Bencao* explicitly states it is a Yang stone.
It is unsuitable for those with deficiency-cold in the lower jiao. Contraindicated for those with Yang deficiency and impotence. (Chen Zhongchun)
[Processing] Quench in red vinegar three or seven times. Grind into powder and process by water flotation. This achieves mutual restraint and serves as a guiding agent for the Liver Meridian Blood level. (Li Shizhen)