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Q: Why do medicines with a warm nature enter the Liver, while those with a very hot nature directly enter the Kidney?

A: This precisely demonstrates that Jueyin (Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian) governs Wind and belongs to Yin within Yin; therefore, warm-natured medicines enter the Liver, such as Morinda officinalis Root (Bajitian, 巴戟天) and Fennel Seed (Huixiang, 茴香). Shaoyin (Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian) governs Heat and relies on accumulated Yang Qi; thus, medicines with a very hot nature directly enter the Lower Jiao Bladder and Kidney, such as Aconite Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi, 附子).

Q: What are the medicines for treating Wind-Cold?

A: Cold is Water Qi. Water belongs to North Ren-Gui, corresponds to the Kan trigram in the Eight Trigrams, and in the human body corresponds to the Kidney. The *Neijing* states: "All coldness causing contraction and pulling symptoms belong to the Kidney." The Fu organ of the Kidney is the Bladder, which acts on behalf of the Kidney to govern Qi transformation, hence it is called the House of Cold Water, and its meridian is named Taiyang. The *Neijing* says: "Above Taiyang, Cold Qi governs." Cold is the fundamental Qi of the Taiyang Bladder. The single Yang line in the center of the Kan trigram is actually the Yuan Qi (Primordial Qi) of the human body, residing within the Bladder's Water House, transforming into Qi that ascends and reaches outward to become the Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) that protects the exterior, named Taiyang, the greatest Yang. Since Yang Qi protects the exterior, how can there be Cold? The presence of Cold occurs because Yang Qi cannot extend, allowing Cold Water Qi to prevail exclusively, thereby generating Cold diseases. In winter, water freezes into ice, which means the Yang within the water cannot extend, resulting in pure Yin condensing to form Cold. The Yang Qi within the Bladder's water in the human body penetrates the membranes and diaphragm, emerges from the muscles, and reaches the skin and hair, thereby protecting the exterior from Cold pathogens. Cold primarily causes contraction and obstruction; thus, upon contracting Cold, the pores close, and sweat cannot exit. Fever occurs because internal Yang Qi cannot reach the exterior, gathering between the skin layers, leading to stagnation and fever. Because Yang Qi is constrained, chills become more severe. The treatment method uses Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) to unblock Yang Qi, allowing it to emerge through the pores; when sweat is produced, the Cold pathogen is expelled. Mahuang has thin, clustered stems, hollow and growing straight upward, with a light and clear aroma and flavor, enabling it to penetrate the Yang Qi of the Bladder's Cold Water and bring it out through the skin and hair, making it an essential medicine for treating Shanghan (Cold Damage). Later practitioners used Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo, 羌活) and Saposhnikoviae Radix (Duhuo, 独活) to replace Mahuang. Qianghuo and Duhuo have deep roots and straight stems, capable of guiding the Yang Qi from the Lower Jiao Bladder to the meridians to disperse the exterior. However, their flavors are pungent and acrid, making them drier than Mahuang, and they also eliminate dampness, unlike Mahuang which is light, clear, and goes directly to the skin and hair. Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, 薄荷) is also light and clear, but its ascending and dispersing action lies in its flavor, so its power is slightly weaker. Mahuang's ascending and dispersing action lies purely in its Qi, so its power is more intense. Scallion stem promotes Yang transmission, sharing the same principle as Mahuang. However, Mahuang stems are thin like hair follicles, while scion stems are thick like nasal passages, so scion can treat nasal congestion. Xin Yi (Magnolia Flower Bud, 辛夷) also ascends and disperses Cold in the nasal passages and brain; furthermore, since the flower is at the tree's tip with all points facing upward, it primarily serves to ascend and disperse. Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba, 荆芥) has a milder nature than Bohe, and Zisu (Perillae Folium, 紫苏) is similar. Both have red colors and can enter the Blood aspect; their pungent and fragrant flavors can disperse Cold, so they both mainly disperse Cold in the Blood aspect and muscles. The exterior of the human body consists of skin and membranes, belonging to the Qi aspect; the interior consists of muscles, belonging to the Blood aspect. When Cold enters the Blood aspect and blocks within the muscles, Qi cannot exit to solidify the exterior defense, causing the pores to become deficient and sweat to leak out. The treatment should warm and disperse Cold in the muscles. Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝) has a red color and pungent flavor, dispersing into the Blood aspect, so it treats this condition. Its branches extend in four directions, so it treats limb conditions. Zisu has a nature similar to Guizhi but is lighter and less warming than Guizhi. Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, 防风) has a sweet taste entering the muscles, with an aromatic and warm Qi, so it disperses Cold Qi in the muscles. At the junction of skin and muscle, there are connecting membranes named Couli (interstices). Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡) has white pith in the stem resembling membranes, growing straight upward, capable of reaching Clear Yang, thus treating Cold-Heat in the Couli. Jingjie obtains the momentum of Wood and Fire, enters the Shaoyang meridian, and can also release Cold-Heat in the Couli. Cold coagulating blood and stasis in the muscles leads to Bi pain (obstruction syndrome). Zhang Zhongjing named this "Blood Bi," referring to the Blood aspect. Therefore, Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang (Astragalus and Cinnamon Twig Five-Ingredient Decoction) uses Guizhi and Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root, 当归), and Sini Tang (Four Counterflow Decoction) uses Guizhi to warm the Blood aspect. Using Qianghuo, Duhuo, and Jingjie is inferior to Guizhi in efficacy. When Cold enters the sinews and vessels, causing spasms preventing flexion and extension, flaccidity preventing contraction, or unbearable pain, Xuduan (Dipsaci Radix, 续断) and Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, 秦艽) should always be used to guide the medicine into the sinews. When Cold enters bone joints, causing whole-body pain in waist and knees, and cold extremities, Fuzi should be used to warm the Kidney (Kidney governs bones), and Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 细辛) should be used to guide the meridian, entering the bones to expel Cold. When Cold follows the Taiyang meridian to develop into Spasm (Jing), Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 葛根) guides Mahuang and Guizhi along the meridians to disperse it. When Cold enters the brain marrow, named "True Headache" (Zhen Toutong, 真头痛), Xixin guides the meridian upward, and Fuzi assists Yang to ascend, all entering the brain via the Du Mai (Governing Vessel). The Liver meridian also enters the brain marrow, so Zhang Zhongjing uses Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu, 吴茱萸) to treat Cold pain in the brain marrow. Nasal passages connect to the brain, so people in the North use snuff to dispel Cold in the brain. Westerners have methods of blowing medicine into the nose to treat brain marrow; some Western doctors claim nerves gather mostly in the Stomach, so Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, 白芷) and Xin Yi can reach the brain from the Stomach to disperse Cold. Cold entering the Lung via skin and hair closes the Lung's orifices, causing nasal congestion, treated with Bohe and Xin Yi. The Lung governs water movement; if Cold injures Lung Yang, water cannot move, stagnating in the Stomach as fluid retention, rising to cause cough and wheezing. Zhang Zhongjing uses Xixin to promote water movement, Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 干姜) to disperse Cold, and Mahuang and Guizhi to drive Cold outward; this is Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction, 小青龙汤). If only warming the Lung without treating the Stomach, Gancao Ganjiang Tang (Licorice and Dried Ginger Decoction, 甘草干姜汤) is used; processed ginger becomes light and floats upward, thus only warming the Lung. Later practitioners used Baijiezi (Sinapis Semen, 白芥子) to drain water, Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 陈皮) to direct Qi downward, Kuandonghua (Farfarae Flos, 冬花) to warm the Lung, and Suzi (Perillae Fructus, 苏子) to direct Qi downward, all imitating Zhang Zhongjing's Xiao Qinglong Tang to use Pungent-Warm methods to remove Lung Cold. In summary, the Bladder governs Cold Water, containing Kan Yang. When Yang ascends, water transforms and flows down; without Yang, Yang does not ascend, water stagnates and fails to transform, becoming Cold Fluid Retention. Thus, Xixin reaches the Yang within the water, Fuzi assists the Yang within the water, and Ganjiang warms the Yang within the Earth (Spleen/Stomach). When Yang emerges, Yin dissipates, and Cold Fluid Retention naturally resolves. When Cold Water invades the Central Palace, causing vomiting and diarrhea known as Huoluan (Cholera-like disorder, 霍乱) and Dongxie (Profuse Diarrhea, 洞泄), Ganjiang warms the Middle and thus treats it. Sharen (Amomi Fructus, 砂仁), Baixiandou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus, 白蔻), and Liangjiang (Galangal Rhizome, 良姜) also treat this. To remove Cold, one must necessarily promote urination, because Cold is the Qi of Water; removing Water is removing Cold. Severe Cold knotting causing pain and blocked Yang requires Chuwu (Aconiti Radix, 乌头), Xixin, Chuanjiao (Sichuan Pepper, 川椒), Xiaohui (Fennel, 小茴), and Wuzhuyu to assist Kidney Yang and reach Liver Yang; when Yang flows freely, Cold scatters and pain stops. Cold extremities result from Kidney Yang failing to reach; Fuzi warms the Yang within the water, thus treating this. Guzhi (Psoraleae Fructus, 故纸/Buguzhi) warms the Kidney but can only warm and astringe, not extend and reach, so it only treats lower back pain, not cold extremities. Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex, 肉桂) possesses the Qi of Wood and Fire, is highly pungent entering the Lower Jiao; when Fire intersects with Water, Yang generates, and Cold Water transforms. Therefore, Shenqi Wan (Kidney Qi Pill, 肾气丸) uses Rougui and Fuzi to warm and tonify Kan Yang to transform Qi and move Water, suitable for Cold in the waist and Kidney with cold essence. When Cold is in the Bladder and water stagnates without transforming, named Shuixu (Water Accumulation, 蓄水), Lingzey Tang (Poria and Alisma Decoction components) uses Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) and Alisma Rhizome (Zexie, 泽泻) to promote urination, but crucially uses Guizhi to circulate Yang within the water; this is Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria, 五苓散). Wuyao (Linderae Radix, 乌药) is purple entering the Blood aspect, and its warm Qi enters the Liver; the Liver governs the Blood Chamber, so Wuyao enters the Blood Chamber to disperse Cold. The *Shennong Ben Cao Jing* states it treats Cold Qi between the Bladder and Kidney, referring to Cold Qi in the Blood Chamber. For pain caused by coagulated blood, Aiye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium, 艾叶) is used, also entering the Blood Chamber. When Cold Water overwhelms the Heart, Guizhi, Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix, 远志), and Gongdingxiang (Caryophylli Flos, 公丁香) must be used to circulate Heart Yang. When Cold carries Liver Wind, roundworms are generated; when it insults Spleen Earth, Chuanjiao, Jiang (Ginger), and Fuzi are used to warm the Liver. If sulfur stone liquid can burn, it is Fire within Water. Its sour taste indicates obtaining Wood flavor and Yang within Water; ignition generates Wood, hence sour and flammable. This is Fire within Water, a fierce medicine for warming the Lower Jiao Liver and Kidney. Tianshenghuang (Natural Yellow/Sulfur deposit, 天生黄) grows in Yunnan, with sulfur below and hot springs above; spring vapor steams the rock to form Tianshenghuang. It is transformed from true Yang Qi within Water, pure and not drying. However, human Yang Qi ascending returns to the Lung; since Tianshenghuang grows on rocks, it is a wonderful medicine for warming the Lung and should not be judged by the nature of sulfur alone. Hot medicines possessing pungent flavors, though very warm, are not fierce because they obtain Wood nature but not Wood flavor, lacking the pure nature of generating fire, so they are mild and sour. If they possess both Wood nature and Wood flavor, being pure in generating fire, their nature is fierce, such as Sulfur (Liuhuang, 硫黄) and Realgar (Pishi, 砒石).

Q: In diseases with Upper Heat and Lower Cold, or Exterior Heat and Interior Cold, what medicines should be used?

A: In these cases, the Cold in the Lower and Interior is primary. Use Ginger (Jiang, 姜), Cinnamon (Gui, 桂), and Aconite (Fu, 附), combined with Gallbladder bile, Human urine (Ren Niao, 人尿), Ophiopogon Tuber (Maidong, 麦冬), and Achyranthes Root (Niuxi, 牛膝) to suppress and guide them downward.

Q: In diseases with Interior Heat and Exterior Cold, or Lower Heat and Upper Cold, what medicines should be used?

A: In these cases, the Heat in the Lower and Interior is primary. Use Poria (Ling, 苓), Coptis Rhizome (Lian, 连), Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhi, 知), and Phellodendron Bark (Bai, 柏), combined with Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang, 生姜), Guizhi, Bohe, Jingjie, and Scallion white (Congbai, 葱白) to guide them upward. The key lies in the skillful use of medicines; one cannot expect efficacy from a single herb.

Q: Among the Five Elements, only Earth governs Dampness. Li Dongyuan emphasized the Spleen and Stomach, specializing in drying Earth to remove Dampness. Why did Zhang Zhongjing not solely use drying medicines to treat Taiyin disease?

A: Li Dongyuan knew about established Dampness but did not understand its origin, assuming it was Earth's failure to control Water. Does he not know that Dampness is the fundamental Qi of Earth? One must first understand "Earth" before understanding "Dampness." Metal, Wood, Water, and Fire occupy the four directions, while Earth belongs to the Center. The Center is where the four directions intersect; "Yang" (center/peak) implies the convergence of Yin and Yang. The poem "Night is not yet over" (Ye Wei Yang) means the sky is not yet bright, signifying Yin has not yet converged with Yang. Mandarin ducks do not sleep alone; the character 'Yang' takes the meaning of Yin-Yang convergence. Essentially, the characters Yin and Yang combine phonetically to form the sound 'Yang'. Earth residing in the Center signifies Yin and Yang interacting to transform. Water interacts with Fire; encountering Wood, it rots to become Earth; encountering Metal, it transforms and returns to Earth. Thus, in Hetu numbers, Water is 1, Fire is 2, Wood is 3, Metal is 4, and Earth is last, yet it thrives in the four seasons. This is because Water, Fire, Wood, and Metal combine to form Earth, so Earth thrives in all four seasons. Naming the element "Earth" refers to its form; naming the Six Qi "Dampness" refers to its Qi. The reason for Dampness is merely the interaction of Water, Fire, Wood, and Metal. Without rotting quality and Metal containing moistening Water, Earth and Dampness would not generate. Ultimately, the interaction of Metal and Wood is less, while the interaction of Water and Fire is greater. If Fire does not steam Water, it becomes Cold Water, not Dampness. If Water does not moisten Fire, it becomes Fierce Fire, also not Dampness. For example, rice in a steamer: without Fire to steam it, it is not damp; without Water to moisten it, it is not damp. Only when Water and Fire interact does Dampness form. During Late Summer, Dampness is dominant, precisely the time of Yin-Yang interaction and Water-Fire steaming. Hence, in summer, walls are wet, and humans often contract Dampness diseases then. Human Spleen Earth originates from Heaven's Dampness, formed by the convergence of Heart Fire and Kidney Water. It transforms substances and transports the Four Zang organs, with functions relying on Dampness. The Stomach accepts food via dryness, relying entirely on Spleen Dampness to moisten it before digestion. The Spleen produces oily membranes; once abdominal contents are transformed into juice, they are introduced into the oily membranes, reaching various organs and nourishing the whole body. Long fat/oil provides lubrication, all functions of Dampness. If Spleen Qi is insufficient, it becomes Dryness; if excessive, it becomes Dampness disease. Thus, the *Neijing* says the Spleen governs Dampness and also dislikes Dampness. Therefore, all Dampness diseases focus on treating the Spleen. Since Water-Fire interaction creates Dampness, Dampness diseases involve both Water and Fire. Medicines for Dampness generally have neutral properties, capable of treating both Water and Fire. Poria (Fuling, 茯苓), Lablab Bean (Biandou, 扁豆), and Coix Seed (Yiyiren, 薏苡仁) have bland tastes, making them correct medicines for promoting urination to remove Dampness. When Dampness is severe, Earth is troubled, so promoting urination strengthens the Spleen. Lotus Seed (Lianmi, 莲米) and Euryale Seed (Qianshi, 芡实) are slightly sweet and astringent, able to collect Dampness, thus strengthening the Spleen. Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu, 白术) contains oil, replenishing the Spleen's oily substance; since the oil does not stick to rice, it promotes water drainage. Its aromatic and warm Qi also promotes water drainage and ascending, raising Spleen Earth Qi, making Baizhu the correct medicine for tonifying the Spleen. Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome (Cangzhu, 苍术) has warm and fierce Qi, thus carrying drying properties; it tonifies the Stomach, not the Spleen. Being dark-colored, it obtains Wood nature, enhancing draining and purging, making it a product for treating Cold-Dampness. Dampness combines with Water transformation; excess Water transformation results in Cold-Dampness, causing abdominal distension and loose stools. Sichuan Pepper (Huajiao, 花椒) is pungent and warm to disperse Cold-Dampness and kill parasites generated by Dampness. Evodia Fruit (Wuyu, 吴萸) is pungent and fierce, removing Dampness rapidly. White Cardamom (Baokou, 白蔻) and Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 干姜) etc., all treat Cold-Dampness. Acid regurgitation has two pathologies. One is Cold-Dampness, treated with Wuyu, Cangzhu, Guizhi, and Shengjiang. The other is Heat-Dampness, treated with Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian, 黄连), Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai, 黄柏), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin, 黄芩), Mother-of-Pearl (Shijueming, 石决明), Tangerine Peel (Qingpi, 青皮), and Garden Broom Twig (Danshen/Caocao, 胆草). Add small amounts of Wuyu and Huajiao as counter-agents. Sourness is transformed from Dampness; Dampness carrying Heat transforms into Sour. For example, meat soup in summer turns sour overnight; kept with ice, it does not turn sour. Wheat bran heating up turns into vinegar and becomes sour. All are due to Heat steaming Dampness to create Sour. Thus, bitter-drying herbs like Huanglian correctly treat Heat-transformed Dampness. The other type is Cold-Dampness, such as vegetables pickled in jars turning sour; this is Cold-transformed Dampness, correctly treated by pungent-drying herbs like Wuyu. When Dampness settles in the feet, it causes Hong Kong Foot (Gout/Podagra, 香港脚) swelling. Western medicine states that patients with Hong Kong Foot have acidic urine, indicating Dampness. Most cases of Hong Kong Foot are Cold-Dampness, best treated with warm medicines, supplemented with Qu木瓜 (Chaogueua, 木瓜), Yiyiren, and Niuxi as guides to drain Dampness from the lower limbs. However, some cases are Heat-Dampness, treated with Stephania Root (Fangji, 防己), Huangbai, Cangzhu, Tongcao (Mutong, 木通), and Danshen using bitter-draining herbs. When Dampness accumulates in the Spleen, abdominal distension occurs; long-term accumulation leads to Ascites (Gu, 臌). Draining water is appropriate. Kansui Root (Gansui, 甘遂), Oldenlandia Root (Daji, 大戟), Genkwa Flower (Yuanhua, 芫花), and Morning Glory Seed (Qianniu, 牵牛) have fierce powers. They should be used with Jujube (Dazao, 大枣), Ginseng (Renshen, 参), Baizhu, and Licorice (Gancao, 甘草) to tonify Spleen Earth and mitigate excess, fearing damage to deficiency. If Spleen stagnates food, Dampness fails to transform. Schisandra Berry (Shenqu, 神曲) disperses Dampness; Aurantium Fruit (Zhike, 枳壳), Chenpi, and Aucklandia Root (Muxiang, 木香) move Qi to move Dampness. Water and Fire combine to form Wet Earth, corresponding to the human Spleen. Baizhu is warm and juicy, exactly the product of Water-Fire interaction, thus correctly tonifying the Spleen Meridian. Polygonatum Rhizome (Huangjing, 黄精) is sweet, neutral, and juicy, obtaining the balance of Water-Fire Qi interaction, thus correctly tonifying the Spleen Meridian. Yam (Shanyao, 山药) has white substance, thus tonifying Spleen Fire to supplement Dampness. Cangzhu has juice and fierce taste, supporting Spleen Fire to dry Dampness. Red Kaolin (Chishizhi, 赤石脂) is Earth's substance, able to dry Dampness. Citrus Peel (Jupi, 橘皮), Magnolia Bark (Houpo, 厚朴), and Areca Seed (Binglang, 槟榔) remove Dampness by Wood疏 (draining) Earth. Mulberry Root Bark (Sangpí, 桑皮) and Tribulus Fruit (Jili, 蒺藜) promote urination to remove Dampness by Metal moving Water. When Dampness overflows into Couli, swelling occurs; Sangpi resembles human membranes, thus treating it. Stephania Root (Fangji) is hollow with wheel-like veins, able to act externally on Couli and internally on the Triple Burner, promoting Water Qi. Uncaria Rhynchophylla (Mutong/Tongcao context here likely refers to Akebia Stem Mutong, 木通) is hollow like Fangji, bitter and draining, so both are important medicines for moving Dampness. Dampness in waist and feet is treated by Smilax Glabra Rhizome (Tufu Ling, 土茯苓), Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome (Bixie, 萆薢), Spirit Peony Root (Weilingxian, 威灵仙), and Yiyiren; all draining and descending herbs treat it. Adjustments should be made according to Cold or Heat. When Dampness steams the skin causing Jaundice (Fahuang, 发黄), Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, 茵陈), Qipi (Fraxini Cortex, 秦皮), and Motherwort Herb (Yimucao, 益母草) are used to disperse and promote urination. When Bladder function is impaired, Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma, 泽泻), Plantago Seed (Cheqian, 车前), Kelp (Kunbu, 昆布), and Seaweed (Haizao, 海藻) are used; growing mostly between water and stones, they transform Bladder Water. This clears Fire and promotes urination, a method for treating Dampness. When Dampness and Heat steam together, it becomes Summerheat (Shu, 暑). Various texts discuss Summerheat without knowing its origin, dividing it into Yin Summerheat and Yang Summerheat, indistinguishable from Heatstroke and Cold-Heat stroke, which is not the true meaning of Summerheat. Chen Xiuyuan considered Summerheat as Heat, not knowing that Heat combined with Dampness constitutes Summerheat. The *Monthly Ordinances* state: "Earth moist, humid heat." Only through moisture and humidity is Summerheat formed. Therefore, treating Summerheat must include both Heat and Dampness to be appropriate. Epidemics, dysentery, and malaria in summer and autumn are contracted from Summerheat, which is Heat-Dampness. Drying medicines must absolutely not be used, as they obstruct Dampness and prevent flow. Exterior-releasing medicines must not be used, as they cause fever and steam Dampness. Only clearing and draining is suitable. Liu Yi San (Six-to-One Powder, 六一散), though mild, is the correct medicine for clearing Heat and promoting urination to remove Dampness. Huanglian is bitter, able to purge Heat and dry Dampness, also a correct medicine for removing Summerheat. For Summerheat injury with fever, Xiangru (Elsholtziae Herba, 香薷) disperses Damp-Heat in the skin. For Summerheat transforming into epidemic, Gypsum (Shigao, 石膏) and Huanglian are primary. Dedicated books exist, unable to enumerate all. In summary, exterior release is contraindicated; purging Heat and promoting urination to remove Dampness is indicated. For Summerheat transforming into dysentery, sweating is contraindicated, and promoting urination is doubly contraindicated; only clearing Heat is needed, and Dampness will resolve spontaneously. Huanglian and Huangqin are primary. For Summerheat transforming into malaria, dispersing Dampness and clearing Heat is precious. When Urine of the Triple Burner and Bladder becomes clear, malaria self-resolves. Tufuling, Polyporus (Zhuling, 猪苓), Ge Gen, and Duhuo disperse Dampness to treat Taiyang Bladder; Huangqin, Turtle Shell (Biejia, 鳖甲), Qingpi, and Danshen clear Heat to benefit Shaoyang Triple Burner. Treating both Fu organs is appropriate. Phlegm-Malaria is formed by Dampness accumulation; Changshan (Dichroae Radix, 常山) can penetrate and induce vomiting. Malaria Mass (Numu, 疟母) is Phlegm combined with Blood; Biejia, Oyster Shell (Muli, 牡蛎), and Pangolin Scales (Shanjia, 山甲) can break it. These are concurrent syndromes of Dampness, detailed incompletely here. For example, Acanthopanacis Senticosi Cortex (Wujia Pi, 五加皮) guides treatment to the skin; Wuling San uses Guizhi to treat Cold-Dampness; Wulin Tang uses Gardenia (Shanzhi, 山栀) to treat Heat-Dampness. Ultimately, Dampness is governed by the Spleen. The Spleen's oily membrane connects the scorched membrane, penetrating inside and outside to reach the Bladder, so treating Dampness concurrently treats various locations. Investigating Dampness, it is the combination of Water and Fire, thus presenting Cold and Heat syndromes.