外障无寒一句了，五轮变赤火因生，内障有虚心肾弱，故如不病损光明，火能外鉴
水内照，养神壮水自收功，五风内变诸翳障，眼科自有法能攻。
【注】外障目病，子和曰∶目不因火不病。
所以五轮变赤，气轮白睛，火乘肺也。肉轮目胞，火乘脾也。风轮黑睛，火乘肝也。水
轮瞳人，火乘肾也。血轮两 ，火自甚也。故能治火者，一句便了也。治火之法，在药则
咸寒吐之下之，在针则神庭、上星、囟会、前项、百会刺之，翳者可使立退，痛者可使立
已，昧者可使立明，肿者可使立消矣。内障目病，虽亦无寒，然有虚也。虚或兼热，亦
属虚热，故不赤肿疼痛，如不病眼人，但不精彩光明也。心虚则神不足，神者火也，火
内暗而外明，故不能外鉴而失其光明也。肾虚则精不足，精者水也，水外暗而内明，故
不能内照而失其光明也。心虚者，则养心神；肾虚者，则壮肾水，自可收功于不明也。其
五风内变诸翳，如圆翳、冰翳、清翳、涩翳、散翳、横翳、浮翳、沉翳，偃月、枣花、黄
心、黑风等翳，俱列在眼科，方书自有治法，难以尽述，此特其大概耳。
牙者骨余属乎肾，牙龈手足两阳明，齿长豁动为肾惫，牙疼胃火风寒虫。不怕冷热
为风痛，火肿喜冷得寒疼，寒不肿蛀喜热饮，虫牙蚀尽一牙生。
【注】牙齿者，骨之余，属乎肾也。若无故齿长，疏豁而动，则为肾衰惫也。上牙龈
属足阳明，下牙龈属手阳明。牙痛皆牙龈作痛，惟寒牙痛，则为客寒犯脑，多头连齿痛，
为寒邪也，故喜热饮，不肿不蛀也。余者，皆为胃火、邪风、湿热也。火牙疼多肿喜饮冷，
得寒则更疼者，雠仇之意也。虫牙则一牙作痛，蚀尽一牙，又蚀一牙作痛也。
骨槽风 牙疳疮
骨槽龈颊肿硬疼，牙龈腐烂出血脓，牙疳肿硬溃血臭，皆因痘疹癖疾成。
【注】骨槽风者，牙龈连颊硬肿疼痛，牙龈腐烂，出血脓也。牙疳，以骨槽溃后肿硬
不消，然出臭血，而不出脓水也，且皆痘疹癖疾之后而成也。
清胃散
清胃血分火牙痛，生地归连升牡饶，气分宜加荆防细，积热凉膈入升膏。
【注】胃火牙痛，赤肿出血者，则为血分，宜用清胃散，即生地、当归、黄连、升麻、牡
丹皮出。饶者，倍加升麻。丹皮也。若肿痛牙龈不出血者，则为气分，宜加荆芥，防风、
细辛，以散其热。若肠胃积热，肿痛烂臭，宜用凉膈散加升麻、石膏，以下其热可也。
温风散
温风风牙归芎细，荜茇 芷露蜂房，寒牙痛加羌麻附，半服含漱吐涎良。
【注】不甚肿痛，不怕冷热，为风牙痛，宜用温风散。即当归、川芎、细辛、荜茇、
本、白芷、露蜂房也。不肿痛甚，喜饮热汤，为寒牙痛，宜本方再加羌活、麻黄、川附子
温而散之。二方俱服一半，含漱一半，连涎吐之自好也。
一笑丸 玉池散 熏药
诸牙椒巴饭丸咬，玉池 芷骨槐辛，归芎大豆升防草，虫牙葱韭子烟熏。
【注】诸牙，谓诸牙痛也。均宜一笑丸，即川椒七粒为末，巴豆一粒去皮研匀，饭为
丸，绵裹咬痛处，吐涎即止。均宜用玉池散，即 本、白芷、地骨皮、槐花、细辛、当归、
川芎、黑豆、升麻、防风、甘草、煎汤，热漱冷吐。虫牙亦宜此咬漱。更须用韭子或葱
子，置小炉中烧之，搁在大水碗内，覆以漏斗，口向虫牙痛处熏之，其虫极小，皆落水
碗之中，累效。
芜荑消疳汤
牙疳虽有专科治，然皆未晓累攻神，能食便软犹当下，雄荑黄荟二连芩。
【注】牙疳一病，杀人最速，虽有专科，然皆未晓累攻之法。累攻者，今日攻之，明
日又攻之，以肿硬消，黑色变，臭气止为度。若不能食，或隔一日，或隔二三日攻之，攻
之后渐能食，不必戒口，任其所食。虽大便
溏，仍量其轻重攻之，自见其神。若竟不思食，难任攻下，则死证也。攻药用芜荑消疳
汤，即雄黄、芜荑、生大黄、芦荟、川黄连、胡黄连、黄芩也。
[Background Information]
Book: Za Bing Xin Fa Yao Jue (Essential Principles for the Treatment of Miscellaneous Diseases)
Author: Wu Qian et al.
Dynasty: Qing
Chapter: Treatment of Internal and External Eye Obstructions / General Overview of Teeth, Mouth, and Tongue
Category: Medical Discourse
[Translation]
External eye obstructions are never caused by cold; this can be summarized in one sentence. Redness in the Five Wheels (five zones of the eye corresponding to the five Zang organs) arises from Fire pathogenic factors. Internal eye obstructions involve deficiency, specifically weakness of the Heart and Kidney, resulting in a condition resembling health but lacking luster and brightness. Fire illuminates outwardly, while Water reflects inwardly; nourishing the Spirit (Shen) and strengthening Kidney Water will naturally yield results. Various opacities (clouding or scarring of the cornea) caused by the internal transformation of the Five Winds can be treated by established ophthalmological methods.
[Note] Regarding external eye diseases, Zhang Zihe stated: "The eyes do not become diseased unless affected by Fire."
Therefore, redness in the Five Wheels indicates Fire invading specific organs: Qi Wheel (white sclera, corresponding to Lung) is invaded by Fire affecting the Lung; Flesh Wheel (eyelids, corresponding to Spleen) is invaded by Fire affecting the Spleen; Wind Wheel (black cornea, corresponding to Liver) is invaded by Fire affecting the Liver; Water Wheel (pupil, corresponding to Kidney) is invaded by Fire affecting the Kidney; Blood Wheel (canthi/corners of the eyes, corresponding to Heart) indicates excessive Fire. Thus, treating Fire resolves the issue completely. The method for treating Fire involves using salty-cold herbs for emesis or purgation, and acupuncture points such as Shenting (GV24), Shangxing (GV23), Xinhui (GV16), Qian Ding (GV20), and Baihui (GV20). Opacities can be made to recede immediately, pain to cease immediately, dim vision to brighten immediately, and swelling to dissipate immediately.
Internal eye obstructions, although also devoid of cold, involve deficiency. Deficiency may accompany heat, constituting Deficient-Heat. Consequently, there is no redness, swelling, or pain; the eyes appear healthy but lack spirit and brightness. Heart deficiency leads to insufficient Shen (Spirit); since Shen belongs to Fire, and Fire is dark internally but bright externally, it cannot illuminate outwardly, resulting in loss of brightness. Kidney deficiency leads to insufficient Jing (Essence); since Jing belongs to Water, and Water is dark externally but bright internally, it cannot reflect inwardly, resulting in loss of brightness. For Heart deficiency, nourish the Heart Spirit; for Kidney deficiency, strengthen Kidney Water. This will naturally restore vision.
Various opacities arising from the internal transformation of the Five Winds, such as Yuan Yi (Round Opacity), Bing Yi (Ice Opacity), Qing Yi (Clear Opacity), Se Yi (Rough Opacity), San Yi (Scattered Opacity), Heng Yi (Horizontal Opacity), Fu Yi (Floating Opacity), Chen Yi (Sinking Opacity), Yan Yue (Crescent Moon Opacity), Zao Hua (Jujube Flower Opacity), Huang Xin (Yellow Center Opacity), and Hei Feng (Black Wind Opacity), are listed in ophthalmology texts with their respective treatments. These cannot be fully detailed here; this is merely a general overview.
Teeth are the surplus of bone and belong to the Kidney; gums belong to the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian and Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian. Elongated and loose teeth indicate exhaustion of Kidney Qi. Toothache is caused by Stomach Fire, Wind-Cold, or worms. Insensitivity to hot and cold indicates Wind pain; redness and swelling preferring cold indicate Fire swelling; pain relieved by cold indicates Cold; non-swollen, carious teeth preferring hot drinks indicate Worm toothache. New teeth grow only after decayed ones are completely eroded.
[Note] Teeth are the surplus of bone and belong to the Kidney. Spontaneous elongation, looseness, and spacing indicate Kidney exhaustion. Upper gums belong to the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian; lower gums belong to the Hand Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. Toothache originates in the gums. Only Cold-type toothache is caused by exogenous Cold invading the brain, often radiating from head to teeth, belonging to Cold pathogen, thus preferring hot drinks, without swelling or caries. Others are caused by Stomach Fire, Evil Wind, or Damp-Heat. Fire-type toothache involves redness, swelling, and preference for cold drinks; pain worsens with cold due to antagonism. Worm toothache affects one tooth at a time, eroding it completely before moving to another.
Gu Cao Feng (Bone Trough Wind) and Ya Gan Chuang (Tooth Gangrene)
Gu Cao Feng presents with hard, swollen, painful gums extending to the cheek, with gum rotting, bleeding, and pus discharge. Ya Gan presents with hard, swollen, ulcerated gums bleeding with foul odor. Both arise after variola (smallpox), rubeola (measles), or Pi Ji (abdominal masses/stagnation).
[Note] Gu Cao Feng involves hard swelling and pain of gums and cheeks, with gum rotting, bleeding, and pus. Ya Gan occurs after Gu Cao Feng ulceration, with persistent hardness, foul blood discharge but no pus, typically following smallpox, measles, or Pi Ji.
Qing Wei San (Clear the Stomach Powder)
Qing Wei San treats toothache caused by Fire in the Blood level. Ingredients include Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), and Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex). "Rao" indicates doubling the dosage of Sheng Ma and Mu Dan Pi. For Qi-level heat, add Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Herba), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), and Xi Xin (Asari Radix). For accumulation of Heat in intestines and stomach causing swelling, rotting, and foul odor, use Liang Ge San (Cool the Diaphragm Powder) with added Sheng Ma and Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) to purge Heat.
[Note] Stomach Fire toothache with redness, swelling, and bleeding belongs to the Blood level; use Qing Wei San, composed of Sheng Di Huang, Dang Gui, Huang Lian, Sheng Ma, and Mu Dan Pi. "Rao" means increasing Sheng Ma and Mu Dan Pi. If swelling and pain occur without bleeding, it belongs to the Qi level; add Jing Jie, Fang Feng, and Xi Xin to disperse Heat. If intestinal and gastric Heat accumulation causes swelling, rotting, and foul odor, use Liang Ge San with Sheng Ma and Shi Gao to purge Heat.
Wen Feng San (Warm Wind Powder)
Wen Feng San treats Wind-type toothache. Ingredients include Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Xi Xin, Bi Bo (Piperis Kadsurae Fructus), Gao Ben (Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), and Lu Feng Fang (Vespa Nidus). For Cold-type toothache, add Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba), and Chuan Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata). Take half orally and gargle with half, spitting out saliva for recovery.
[Note] Mild swelling/pain, insensitivity to hot/cold, indicates Wind toothache; use Wen Feng San, composed of Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong, Xi Xin, Bi Bo, Gao Ben, Bai Zhi, and Lu Feng Fang. If mild swelling/pain prefers hot drinks, it is Cold toothache; add Qiang Huo, Ma Huang, and Chuan Fu Zi to warm and disperse. Administer half orally and half for gargling, spitting out saliva.
Yi Xiao Wan (Laughing Pill), Yu Chi San (Jade Pool Powder), Fumigation Medicine
For various toothaches, use Yi Xiao Wan: seven grains of Chuan Jiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium) powdered, one kernel of Ba Dou (Crotonis Fructus) peeled and powdered, mixed with rice paste into pills. Wrap in cotton and bite on the painful area; spitting saliva stops pain. Also use Yu Chi San: Gao Ben, Bai Zhi, Di Gu Pi (Lycii Cortex), Huai Hua (Sophorae Flos), Xi Xin, Dang Gui, Chuan Xiong, Hei Dou (Sojae Semen Nigrum), Sheng Ma, Fang Feng, Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). Decoct and gargle hot, spit cold. Worm toothache also benefits from biting/gargling. Additionally, fumigate with Jiu Zi (Trichosanthis Semen) or Cong Zi (Allii Fistulosi Semen) burned in a small stove over a large bowl of water, covered by a funnel directed at the painful tooth. Tiny worms fall into the water. This is highly effective.
Wu Ti Xiao Gan Tang (Wu Ti Eliminate Gangrene Decoction)
Although Ya Gan has specialized treatment, practitioners often fail to understand the efficacy of continuous purging. If the patient can eat and stools are soft, purging is still indicated. Ingredients include Xiong Huang (Realgar), Wu Ti (Trogopterori Faeces), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Lu Hui (Aloe), Chuan Huang Lian, Hu Huang Lian (Picrorhizae Rhizoma), and Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix).
[Note] Ya Gan kills rapidly. Although specialists exist, they often neglect continuous purging ("Lei Gong"). This involves purging today and tomorrow until hardness subsides, black discoloration fades, and foul odor ceases. If unable to eat, purge every other day or every two-three days. After purging, appetite returns; no dietary restrictions are needed. Even if stools are loose, adjust purging based on severity for miraculous results. If anorexia persists and purging is intolerable, it is a death sign. Use Wu Ti Xiao Gan Tang, composed of Xiong Huang, Wu Ti, Da Huang, Lu Hui, Chuan Huang Lian, Hu Huang Lian, and Huang Qin.