目为五脏六腑精，气白筋黑骨精瞳，血为 络肉约束，裹撷系属脑项中，经热腠开
因风入，合邪上攻赤肿疼，轻者外障生云翳，重者积热顿伤睛。
【注】经曰∶五脏六腑之精气，皆上注于目而为之精。精之窠为眼，气之精为白眼，筋
之精为黑眼，骨之精为瞳子，血之精为络 ，肉之精为约束，即眼胞也，裹撷筋骨血气之
精，而与脉系上属于脑，后出于项中。因经热蒸开腠理，故风邪得以入之，风热之邪合
上攻于目，赤肿疼痛。轻者则为外障，或暴生云翳，重者则积热之甚，陡然痛伤睛也。
火眼赤肿泪涩痛，硬肿多热软多风，睑粟烂弦鸡蚬肉， 肉赤脉贯瞳睛，血灌瞳人
高突起，旋螺尖起蟹睛疼，拳毛风泪风痒极，赤膜下垂黄膜冲。
【注】风热上攻，目赤肿痛多泪，隐涩难开。火眼也。肿而硬者，属热盛也，宜先下
之。肿而软者，属风盛也，宜先发散。两睑上。下初生如粟，渐大如米，或赤或白，不
甚疼痛，谓之睑生风粟。两睑粘睛，赤烂痒痛，经年不愈，谓之烂弦风，又名赤瞎。睑
内如鸡冠，蚬肉翻出，视物阻碍，痛楚羞明，谓之鸡冠蚬肉。此皆脾经风热为病也。两
筋膜努出，谓之 肉攀睛。两 赤脉渐渐侵睛，谓之赤脉贯睛。两眼混赤如朱，痛如针
刺，谓之血灌瞳人。两眼痒痛，忽然突起，谓之突起睛高。目中大痛，忽生翳膜，状如旋
螺，谓之旋螺尖起。目中大痛，忽然瞳睛努如蟹目，谓之蟹睛疼痛，又名损翳。此皆肝、
心二经积热也。两睑燥急，睫毛倒刺，谓之倒睫拳毛，两目冲风，泪出涓涓，冬月尤甚，
谓之迎风流泪，两目连 痒极不痛，谓之风痒难任。目中从下忽生黄膜，侵睛疼痛，谓
之黄膜上冲。目中从上忽生赤膜，垂下遮睛，谓之赤膜下垂；又名垂帘翳。此皆心、肝、脾
三经风热为病也。
The eyes are the convergence point of the essence and qi of the five zang organs and six fu organs. The essence manifests as the white part of the eye (Baiyin), the essence of sinews manifests as the black part (Heiyan, iris), and the essence of bones manifests as the pupil (Tongzi). Blood nourishes the collaterals and flesh, while the essence of flesh forms the eyelids (Yueshu), which wrap and connect the essence of sinews, bones, blood, and qi, linking via meridians to the brain and emerging posteriorly at the nape. If internal heat in the meridians steams open the couli (pores/skin texture), wind pathogens enter, combining with other pathogens to attack upward, causing redness, swelling, and pain. Mild cases develop into external obstructions (Waizhang) with cloud-like opacities; severe cases suffer sudden visual impairment due to accumulated heat.
[Note] As stated in ancient texts: The essence and qi of the five zang organs and six fu organs all ascend to the eyes to form visual clarity. The gathering place of essence is the eye; the essence of qi manifests as the white sclera (Baiyin); the essence of sinews manifests as the iris (Heiyan); the essence of bones manifests as the pupil (Tongzi); the essence of blood manifests as the collateral vessels; the essence of flesh manifests as the eyelids (Yue Shu). These structures wrap the essence of sinews, bones, blood, and qi, connecting via meridians to the brain and emerging at the nape. Due to meridian heat steaming open the couli, wind pathogens invade. Wind-heat pathogens combine and attack upward, causing redness, swelling, and pain. Mild cases become external obstructions or sudden cloud opacities; severe cases involve extreme accumulated heat causing sudden severe pain and injury to the eyeball.
Fire Eye (Huoyan) presents with redness, swelling, tearing, astringency, and pain, making it difficult to open. Hard swelling indicates excess heat, suitable for purgation; soft swelling indicates excess wind, suitable for dispersion. Initially, millet-grain-sized bumps appear on the upper and lower eyelids, gradually enlarging to rice-grain size, appearing red or white with mild pain, known as Wind Millet on Eyelids (Jian Sheng Feng Su). Adhesion of eyelids to the eyeball with redness, ulceration, itching, and chronic pain is called Rotten Margin Wind (Lan Xian Feng), also known as Red Blindness (Chi Xia). Tissue resembling chicken combs or clam meat protruding from inside the eyelids, obstructing vision and causing photophobia and pain, is called Chicken Comb and Clam Meat (Ji Guan Xian Rou). These conditions stem from wind-heat in the Spleen Meridian. Protrusion of fibrous tissue is called Pterygium (Ru Rou Pan Jing). Redness with blood vessels gradually invading the cornea is called Red Vessels Penetrating the Eye (Chi Mai Guan Jing). Eyes mixed red like cinnabar with needle-like pain is called Blood Pouring into the Pupil (Xue Guan Tong Ren). Sudden protrusion accompanied by itching and pain is called Protruding High Eye (Tu Qi Jing Gao). Severe eye pain with sudden membrane formation resembling a spiral shell is called Spiral Shell Pointing Upward (Xuan Luo Jian Qi). Severe pain with the pupil protruding like a crab's eye is called Crab Eye Pain (Xie Jing Teng Tong), also known as Damaged Opacity (Sun Yi). These conditions stem from accumulated heat in the Liver and Heart meridians. Dry, tight eyelids with inverted lashes are called Inverted Lashes and Curled Hairs (Dao Jie Quan Mao). Tears flowing continuously upon exposure to wind, worse in winter, is called Wind-Averse Tearing (Ying Feng Liu Lei). Extreme itching without pain involving the eyes and eyelids is called Unbearable Wind Itching (Feng Yang Nan Ren). A yellow membrane suddenly appearing from below, invading the eye with pain, is called Yellow Membrane Rushing Upward (Huang Mo Shang Chong). A red membrane suddenly appearing from above, drooping to cover the vision, is called Red Membrane Dropping Downward (Chi Mo Xia Chui), also known as Curtain Opacity (Chui Lian Yi). These conditions stem from wind-heat in the Heart, Liver, and Spleen meridians.