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Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian: Originates in the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner), descends to connect with the Large Intestine, circles back up through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Lung. From the lung system (trachea, larynx, etc.), it emerges horizontally at the axilla (below Ji Quan HT1), descends along the anterior aspect of the medial upper arm, passes through the cubital fossa, follows the anterior aspect of the medial forearm, reaches Cun Kou (Radial Pulse), ascends to Yu Ji (Thenar Eminence), and terminates at the radial corner of the nail root on the medial side of the thumb. Its branch diverges from the wrist (Lie Que LU7) and heads to the radial side of the index finger, connecting with the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood. If pathological changes occur in the meridian, symptoms include wheezing, cough, distension and fullness of the lung, pain in the supraclavicular fossa (Que Pen), crossing both hands over the chest and heart region, known as "Arm Jue" (Bi Jue). Diseases generated by this meridian involve Qi rebellion, cough, wheezing, thirst, mental restlessness, chest fullness and stagnation, pain along the lateral anterior aspect of the arm, frequent urination, and heat in the palm; deficiency presents with cold pain in the shoulder and back; excess cold also causes pain; wind invasion leads to sweating, yawning, shortness of breath, seminal emission without control, and alteration in urine color.

Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian: The pulse begins at Shang Yang LI1 on the radial side of the index finger, ascends along the finger, emerges at He Gu LI4 between the tendons of the metacarpals, runs along the anterior aspect of the lateral forearm, enters the lateral elbow, ascends along the anterior aspect of the lateral upper arm, travels to the anterior aspect of the shoulder tip, runs alongside the vertebral column, enters the supraclavicular fossa from below, internally connects with the Lung, descends through the diaphragm, and belongs to the Large Intestine. Its branch ascends from the supraclavicular fossa, passes through the neck, obliquely traverses the cheek, enters the lower gum, returns to encircle the lips, crosses at Ren Zhong GV26, ascends to clamp the nasal aperture, and pours into Ying Xiang LI18, connecting with the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. This meridian has abundant Qi and Blood. Pathological changes manifest as swelling of the neck and toothache. Diseases generated include epistaxis, yellowing of the eyes, dry mouth, throat obstruction (Hou Bi), difficulty in using the thumb and index finger, and continuous pain on the lateral side of the shoulder.

Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian: Begins at the side of the nose, descends along the nasal exterior, enters the upper gum, returns to encircle the lips, surrounds Cheng Jiang CV24, looks back at Da Ying ST5, follows Jia Che ST6, ascends to the front of the ear, passes through the hairline to the vertex. Its branch descends from Da Ying to Ren Ying ST9, crosses the supraclavicular fossa, passes through the diaphragm, enters the Stomach, and connects with the Spleen. The straight course descends from the supraclavicular fossa along the inner mammary line; one branch descends from You Men ST15 along the abdominal midline to Qi Chong ST30, then from Bi Guan ST31 to the knee patella. Pathological changes include yawning, dark facial complexion, aversion to cold, fear of people, palpitation upon hearing wooden sounds, climbing high and singing, discarding clothes and running, abdominal distension like a drum, and borborygmus. These are all Jue syndromes. Diseases generated include mania, malaria, damp-warmth, sweating, epistaxis, cracked lips, throat obstruction, knee pain, abdominal distension, Qi stagnation in the chest, pain in the Ying area, lateral Fu Tu ST32, dorsum of the foot, and middle toe; excess presents with digestion of food quickly, thirst, and yellow urine; deficiency presents with cold shivering in the anterior body, gastric distension, and indigestion.

Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian: Originates at the tip of the great toe, follows the medial white flesh margin, behind the nuclear bone (base of the first metatarsal), anterior to the medial malleolus, ascends along the medial tibia, enters the popliteal fossa, follows the anterior aspect of the medial thigh, enters the abdomen, belongs to the Spleen, connects with the Stomach, communicates with the diaphragm, flanks the pharynx, connects to the root of the tongue, and scatters under the tongue. Its branch diverges from the Stomach and pours into the Heart. This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood. Pathological changes involve Qi dysfunction, immediate vomiting after eating, epigastric pain, body pain difficult to shift, abdominal distension, belching, stiffness of the tongue root, and relief after defecation or passing gas. Diseases generated include tongue pain, heavy body, anorexia, mental distress, urgent pain below the heart, watery diarrhea, loose stools, masses (Jia), cold malaria, inability to lie down comfortably, swelling of the thigh and knee when standing forcibly, carbuncles, jaundice, and atrophy of the great toe.

Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian: Originates in the Heart, descends through the diaphragm, and directly connects with the Small Intestine. Its branch returns from the lung system, ascends along the pharynx, and connects with the eye system (optic nerve/veins). The straight course emerges from the Lung, exits the axilla (Ji Quan HT1), follows the posterior medial aspect of the upper arm, reaches the medial elbow, follows the posterior medial aspect of the forearm,抵s the end of the ulnar styloid process (Dui Gu), enters the posterior medial palm, and pours into Shao Chong HT9. This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood. Pathological changes include unbearable heart pain, thirst for water, and dry throat. Diseases generated include hypochondriac pain, yellow eyes, pain along the posterior medial aspect of the arm, and heat in the palm.

Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian: The pulse begins at Shao Ze SI1 at the tip of the little finger, follows the lateral hand, emerges from the ulnar styloid process, follows the posterior aspect of the forearm bone, exits the medial elbow, ascends along the posterior lateral aspect of the upper arm, passes directly over the shoulder joint, winds around the scapula, intersects at the shoulder, enters the supraclavicular fossa, internally connects with the Heart, follows the pharynx, passes through the diaphragm, reaches the Stomach, and belongs to the Small Intestine. One branch emerges from the supraclavicular fossa, penetrates the neck and cheek, reaches the inner canthus (Jing Ming BL1), and enters the ear; another branch emerges from the ear, ascends to the cheek, reaches the outer canthus, and obliquely connects with the zygomatic bone. This meridian has scarce Qi and abundant Blood. Pathological changes include sore throat, submandibular swelling, pulling pain in the zygoma and shoulder, and breaking pain in the arm. Diseases generated primarily involve shoulder pain, deafness, yellow eyes, swollen cheeks, and pain in the posterior lateral aspect of the elbow and arm.

Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian: The pulse begins at the inner canthus (Jing Ming BL1), ascends to the forehead, and intersects at the vertex. Its branch goes from the vertex to the ear apex. The straight course enters from the vertex to connect with the Brain, emerges again at the nape, follows the shoulder blades, flanks the spine, reaches the loins, enters the paraspinal muscles, connects with the Kidney, and belongs to the Bladder. One branch descends from the loins, flanks the spine, passes through the buttocks, and obliquely enters Wei Zhong BL40. Another branch diverges left and right, penetrates the Lung, flanks the spine, passes the Spleen, follows the posterior medial aspect of the arm, merges with the lower part, penetrates between the medial and lateral malleoli, below Jing Gu BL64, and to the lateral fat pad. This meridian has abundant Blood and scarce Qi. Pathological changes include severe headache, stiff neck like being pulled, waist like being broken, hip pain penetrating the central spine, sensation of knotting or tearing, ankle Jue, and tendon injury. Diseases generated include malaria, hemorrhoids, useless little toe, vertex pain, yellow eyes, low back and sacral pain extending to the back, tearing eyes, epistaxis, and epilepsy.

Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian: Belongs to Shaoyin, obliquely penetrates Yong Quan KI1 from the little toe, emerges below Ran Gu KI2, enters the heel separately behind the medial malleolus, invades inward to emerge at the anterior medial aspect of the medial malleolus, ascends along the medial thigh, penetrates the spine, belongs to the Kidney, and connects with the Bladder. The straight course belongs to the Kidney, penetrates the Liver, enters the diaphragm, enters the Lung, follows the throat, seeks the root of the tongue. Its branch diverges from the Lung, connects with the Heart, and still reaches the chest. This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood. Pathological changes include lack of appetite, wheezing and cough, hemoptysis, stridor in the throat, desire to sit up but lie down, dirty facial complexion, blurred vision, insufficient Qi, feeling of hunger with a hanging heart, and constant apprehension. Diseases generated include dry tongue, hot mouth, sore throat, rushing Qi, pain along the posterior medial aspect of the thigh and spine, mental and intestinal distress, carbuncles, atrophy, cold limbs, drowsiness, lethargy, and hot painful soles, all constituting Kidney Jue.

Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian: Originates in the chest, belongs to the Pericardium, descends through the diaphragm, and sequentially connects with the San Jiao (Triple Burner). Its branch follows the chest out to the hypochondrium, descends 3 cun below the axilla, ascends to the axilla, follows the medial upper arm, runs between the Hand-Taiyin and Hand-Shaoyin meridians, enters the elbow, descends the forearm between two tendons, enters the palm, and emerges at the tip of the middle finger (Zhong Chong PC9). Its branch diverges from the palm, connects with the tip of the ring finger, linking with the Hand-Shaoyang San Jiao Meridian. This meridian originally has scarce Qi and abundant Blood. Pathological changes include heat in the palm, spasm and stiffness of the elbow and arm, axillary swelling, chest and hypochondriac fullness, palpitations, excessive laughter, yellow eyes, and red face. Diseases generated include mental distress, heart pain, and heat in the palm; onset manifests as these symptoms.

Hand-Shaoyang San Jiao Meridian: The pulse originates between the radial and ulnar sides of the ring and index fingers, emerges above the wrist on the dorsal aspect, exits between the two bones of the forearm, behind the elbow, ascends along the shoulder, behind the Shaoyang, intersects and transmits downward, enters the supraclavicular fossa, disperses in the Dan Zhong (Chest Center), connects with the Pericardium, penetrates the diaphragm, and belongs to the Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao. Its branch emerges from the Dan Zhong, ascends the neck, rotates behind the ear angle, descends to the chin, and pours into the cheek; one branch enters the ear from behind, emerges before the ear, passes above Shang Guan TE13, intersects at the curved jaw, and reaches the inner canthus, ending here. This meridian has scarce Blood and abundant Qi. Pathological changes include tinnitus and throat swelling/obstruction. Diseases generated include spontaneous sweating, pain behind the ear, pain at the outer canthus, shoulder, elbow, and lateral arm pain, and uselessness of the ring and index fingers.

Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian: Begins at the outer canthus (Tong Zi Liao GB1), reaches the head, follows the temporal angle down behind the ear, proceeding through Nao Kong GB19 and Feng Chi GB20, before the Hand-Shaoyang, to the shoulder, intersecting above the Shaoyang, at the right supraclavicular fossa. Its branch penetrates the ear from behind, emerges before the ear, to the lateral canthus rear; one branch descends from the lateral canthus to Da Ying ST5, combines with the Hand-Shaoyang, reaches the neck root, adds to Jia Che ST6, combines at the supraclavicular fossa, enters the chest, penetrates the diaphragm, connects with the Liver, belongs to the Gallbladder, passes through the hypochondrium, descends to Qi Jie (inguinal region), horizontal entry to the pubic hair, enters the hip crevice (Huan Tiao GB30). The straight course descends from the supraclavicular fossa to the axilla, chest, lateral costal margin, down through the hip crevice, emerges at the lateral knee, is Yang Ling Quan GB34, outside the fibula, Xuan Zhong GB39, anterior to the ankle, passes the dorsum of the foot, divides at the little and index toes. One branch diverges from the pubic hair area, connects with the Liver Meridian. This meridian has abundant Qi and scarce Blood. Pathological changes include bitter taste, frequent sighing, difficult-to-shift pain in the heart and hypochondrium, dusty complexion, hot feet, lusterless body. Diseases generated include headache connected to the outer canthus, swelling and pain in the supraclavicular fossa and both axillae, Ma Dao and Xia Ying (scrofula) on both sides, sweating with chills, malaria, pain in the chest, hypochondrium, thigh, knee, Xuan Zhong, ankle, and various joints.

Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian: Terminates at the tip of the great toe in the hairy margin, Tai Chong LR3 on the medial dorsum of the foot, enters Zhong Feng LR4 one cun anterior to the ankle, ascends the ankle, crosses behind the Taiyin, follows the medial popliteal margin, Yin Gu, surrounds the genitalia, reaches the lower abdomen, flanks the Stomach, belongs to the Liver, connects with the Gallbladder, penetrates the diaphragm, distributes in the hypochondrium, flanks the throat and neck, connects with the eye system, ascends to the vertex, intersects with the Du Mai. Its branch returns to the eye system, connects with the buccal mucosa, returns to the inside of the lips. Another branch connects from the diaphragm to the Lung. This meridian has abundant Blood and scarce Qi. Pathological changes include painful movement of the waist, difficulty bending and stretching, hernia in men, lower abdominal swelling in women, dusty complexion, loss of color, and dry throat. Diseases generated include chest fullness, vomiting, diarrhea, difficult urination, occasional enuresis, and fox hernia. Clinical diagnosis requires careful examination.