吴又可书中,有舍病治药之论,此第知其一耳。而抑知瘟疫之有所因者,更非一说之所能尽
也。盖有因食、因酒、因痰、因惊、因郁、因气、因思水不与、因饮水过多、因过服凉药、因误
服温补、因服诸药错误、因信巫祝担搁,种种因由,未可更仆,皆当暂舍其所患之瘟,而求其弊,
以治其因也。食宜消之,酒宜解之,痰宜化之,惊宜镇之,郁宜开之,气宜顺之,水宜行之,寒
宜温之,热宜凉之,再佐以治瘟疫之药始得,非全抛而舍之之谓也。更有兼食、兼饮、兼痰、兼
水等症,而卒难得汗者,治法略同。但又当以治瘟疫为主,而治兼之药佐之矣。总之,务要寒热
温凉之不差,脏腑经络之不惑,方可以起死人而肉白骨也。是亦在乎神而明之者。
凡自古饥馑之后,或兵氛师旅之余,及五运之害制,六气之乖违,两间厉气与人事交并而瘟
疫始成焉。人触之辄病,症候相同,而饥寒辛苦之辈感者居多,年高虚怯之人感之偏重,是皆有
毒瓦斯以行乎间,此毒又非方书所载阳毒、阴毒之谓。未病之先,已中毒瓦斯,第伏而不觉,既病之
时,毒瓦斯勃发,故有变现诸恶候。汗下之后,余毒往往未尽,故有自复之患。是毒瓦斯与瘟疫相为
终始者也。兹定金豆解毒煎以解其毒势,且能清热。并不用芩、连、栀、柏而热已杀(杀,音晒。)
矣。
金豆解毒煎(自定新方。)
金银花(二三钱) 绿豆(皮,二钱) 生甘草(一钱) 陈皮(一钱) 蝉蜕(去足翅,八分)
井花水(清晨首汲。)煎。或再加僵蚕(浸去涎。)一钱。
银花能清热解毒,疗风止渴。绿豆甘寒亦清热解毒之品,兼行十二经,祛逐疫毒,无微不入。
甘草解一切毒,入凉剂则能清热,亦能通行十二经,以为银花、绿豆之佐。陈皮调中理气,使营
卫无所凝滞。蝉蜕取其性之善退轻浮,易透肌肤,可散风热,开肌滑窍,使毒瓦斯潜消也。此方于瘟
疫九传中,皆可加减消息用之。
绿糖饮(自定新方。)五谷皆可入药,如白虎汤之用粳米,白术散之用薏仁,牡蛎散之用浮小麦,
疏凿饮之用赤豆,阿胶散之用糯米,以及麦芽、黄卷、饴醯等项,靡不各效其能以见于世。甚至于
面合曲则称之曰神。黍酿酒则推之曰圣。取精用宏,未可更仆数矣。独绿豆之功能,世鲜有知者。
何绿豆之蹇于遇乎?绿豆性虽清凉而不寒苦,且善于解毒退热,除烦止渴,利小水,独于治瘟疫为
尤宜焉。张景岳有绿豆饮,载在新方寒阵中,虽极赞其妙,但惜加入食盐,以之治瘟反益发渴,而
绿豆之功能隐矣。今易以洋糖,则既能解毒,且兼凉散,瘟疫初终,俱可服食,乃平易中之最佳最
捷方也,至于穷乡僻壤,农家者流,以及寒士征人,仓卒苦无医药,用此亦可渐次汗解,即服药
者,兼服此饮,更能添助药力,以成厥功。经症未明者服之,亦总不犯禁忌,诚治瘟疫之良剂,幸
毋以平浅而忽之也。
绿豆不拘多少,白糖酌加。(绿豆功全在皮,毋去之。)将绿豆煮酽汤,取出,加洋糖与饮,
冷热随病者之便。以此代茶,渴即与饮,饥则拌糖,并食其豆。
Wu Youke's writings contain the discussion of "abandoning the disease to treat the medication," but this only knows one aspect. Do people not also know that plagues have specific causes, which cannot be exhausted by just one or two theories? Generally, there are causes such as improper diet, excessive drinking, phlegm retention, fright, emotional depression, qi stagnation, thirst for water but inability to drink, excessive water intake, overuse of cold medicines, mistaken use of warm and tonifying medicines, errors in taking various medicines, and delays due to believing in shamans and prayers. These various reasons are too numerous to count. One should temporarily set aside the treatment of the plague itself and seek the underlying flaw to treat the cause. For food stagnation, digestion is appropriate; for alcohol toxicity, detoxification is appropriate; for phlegm, transformation is appropriate; for fright, sedation is appropriate; for depression, opening is appropriate; for qi stagnation, smoothing is appropriate; for water retention, promoting flow is appropriate; for cold, warming is appropriate; for heat, cooling is appropriate. Then, assisting with medicines for treating the plague is effective. This does not mean completely abandoning the cause. Furthermore, in cases where there are concurrent symptoms of food, drink, phlegm, and water, and sweating is difficult to achieve, the treatment method is roughly the same. However, one must prioritize treating the plague and assist with medicines for the concurrent conditions. In summary, one must ensure no error in distinguishing cold, heat, warmth, and coolness, and no confusion regarding zang-fu organs and meridians, so as to revive the dead and regenerate bones. This depends on those who can divine and understand profoundly.
Since ancient times, after famines, or following military campaigns and wars, as well as the harmful constraints of the Five Movements (Wu Yun) and the deviation of the Six Qi (Liu Qi), when the malignant qi between heaven and earth intersects with human affairs, plagues begin to form. People who come into contact with it fall ill immediately, presenting identical symptoms. Those who suffer from hunger, cold, and hard labor are mostly affected, while elderly and frail individuals suffer more severely. This is because a "toxic vapor" circulates among them. This toxicity is not what is referred to as Yang Toxicity or Yin Toxicity recorded in medical books. Before illness occurs, one has already been poisoned by the toxic vapor, but it remains latent and unnoticed. When illness sets in, the toxic vapor erupts, manifesting various severe symptoms. After sweating or purging treatments, residual toxicity often remains incomplete, leading to relapse. Thus, this toxic vapor and the plague are continuous throughout. Here, we establish Jin Dou Jie Du Decoction (Golden Bean Detoxification Decoction) to resolve its toxic potential and clear heat. It achieves this without using Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus), or Huang Bai (Phellodendri Cortex), yet the heat is already subdued (sha, pronounced 'shai').
Jin Dou Jie Du Decoction (Self-prescribed New Formula.)
Jin Yin Hua (Honeysuckle Flower) (2-3 qian)
Lu Dou (Green Bean, peel) (2 qian)
Sheng Gan Cao (Raw Licorice Root) (1 qian)
Chen Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel) (1 qian)
Chan Tui (Cicada Slough, remove feet and wings) (8 fen)
Jing Hua Shui (Well Water drawn at dawn.) Decoct. Alternatively, add Jiang Can (Bombyx Batryticatus) (soaked to remove saliva) (1 qian).
Jin Yin Hua clears heat and resolves toxicity, treats wind, and stops thirst. Lu Dou is sweet and cold, also a substance for clearing heat and resolving toxicity, circulating through the Twelve Meridians, driving away epidemic toxins, penetrating everywhere. Gan Cao resolves all toxins; when added to cooling formulas, it clears heat and also circulates through the Twelve Meridians, acting as an assistant to Jin Yin Hua and Lu Dou. Chen Pi regulates the middle jiao and directs qi, preventing stagnation of Ying and Wei. Chan Tui utilizes its nature to easily disperse light and floating pathogens, penetrate the skin, dissipate wind-heat, open muscle pores, allowing the toxic vapor to dissolve secretly. This formula can be modified and used flexibly across the nine transmissions of plague.
Lu Tang Yin (Green Sugar Drink) (Self-prescribed New Formula.)
The five grains can all enter medicine, such as Jing Mi (Rice Grain) in Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction), Yi Ren (Coix Seed) in Bai Zhu San (Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder), Fu Xiao Mai (Floating Wheat) in Mu Li San (Oyster Shell Powder), Chi Dou (Red Bean) in Shu Zao Yin (Draining and Scouring Decoction), Nu Mi (Glutinous Rice) in E Jiao San (Donkey-Hide Gelatin Powder), as well as Mai Ya (Malt), Huang Juan (Yellowed Bean Sprouts), and Yi Xi (Malt Syrup), none of which fail to show their efficacy in the world. Even dough fermentation yeast is called "Shen" (Divine), and millet wine brewing is praised as "Sheng" (Sage). Extracting essence and using broadly, they are too numerous to list. Only the function of Lu Dou is rarely known by the world. Why is Lu Dou so unfortunate in its encounters? Although Lu Dou is cool but not cold and bitter, it excels at resolving toxicity, reducing fever, relieving irritability and thirst, and promoting urination. It is particularly suitable for treating plague. Zhang Jingyue had a Lu Dou Yin, recorded in the new formula collection "Han Zhen" (Cold Array), praising its wonders, but unfortunately adding salt, which, when treating plague,反而 increases thirst, obscuring the function of Lu Dou. Now replacing it with Yang Tang (Western Sugar/White Sugar), it can both resolve toxicity and have a cooling dispersing effect. It can be taken at both the beginning and end of plague, making it the best and quickest among simple formulas. For remote villages, farmers, poor scholars, and soldiers, who suddenly lack medicine, this can gradually induce sweating to resolve the exterior. Even for those taking other medicines, taking this drink concurrently can enhance medicinal power to achieve success. For those whose syndrome differentiation is not yet clear, taking it violates no taboos. It is indeed a good agent for treating plague; do not ignore it because it is plain and simple.
Lu Dou (Green Beans) as needed, Yang Tang (White Sugar) added according to preference. (The efficacy of Lu Dou lies entirely in the peel, do not remove it.) Boil Lu Dou into a thick soup, take out the liquid, add Yang Tang and drink. Temperature (hot or cold) follows the patient's convenience. Use this as tea; give when thirsty. When hungry, mix with sugar and eat the beans together.