邪在荣卫之间。谓之半表里也。太阳阳明之间少阳居身之半表里也。（五苓散）分阴阳。
膀胱经之半表里也。（理中汤）治泻吐。上下之半表里也。
答曰。帝问病之中外者何。岐伯对曰。从内之外者。调其内。若盛于外者。先治内而后
治外。从
外之内者。治其外。若盛于内者。先治外而后治内。此言表里所出之异也。又云。中外不相
及。则治主病者。中外不相及者。半表半里也。自外入者有之。自内出者亦有之。外入内出
虽异。邪在半表半里则一也。此中外不相及为少阳也。治主病者。治少阳也。帝问寒热之病
。恶寒发热如疟。或发一日。或发间日。岐伯对。以胜复之气会遇之时。有多有少。阴多阳
少。其发日远阳。多阴少其发日近。此胜复相搏。盛衰之节疟亦同法疟者少阳也。少阳者东
方之气也。逆行则发寒。顺行则发热。故分之气异往来之不定也。妇人经水适断。病作少阳
治
之。伤寒杂病一体经云。身有病而有邪脉经闭也。又云。月事不来者。胞脉闭也。经闭者尺
中不至。胞闭者生化绝源。二者皆血病也。厥阴主之。厥阴病则少阳病矣。累及其夫也。小
儿
外感内伤。若有潮作寒热等证。并同少阳治之。男女同候以上男子妇人小儿闺女。或实作大
热或变成劳。脉有浮中沉之不同故药有表里和之不一。察其在气在血定其行阴行阳。使大小
不失其宜。轻重各得其所逆从缓急举无不当。则可以万全矣。此少阳一治不可不知也。
The pathogenic factor is located between Ying (Nutrient) Qi and Wei (Defensive) Qi. This is referred to as "Half-Exterior, Half-Interior" (Ban Biao Li). Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) resides between Taiyang (Greater Yang) and Yangming (Bright Yang), occupying the half-exterior, half-interior position of the body. (Wuling San / Five-Ling Powder) is used to separate Yin and Yang.
This refers to the half-exterior, half-interior aspect of the Bladder Meridian. (Lizhong Tang / Regulate the Middle Decoction) treats diarrhea and vomiting, referring to the upper and lower half-exterior, half-interior aspects.
Answer: The Yellow Emperor asked about the difference between diseases originating internally and externally. Qibo replied: When pathogens move from the interior to the exterior, one should regulate the interior. If the exterior symptoms are more severe, treat the interior first, then the exterior. When pathogens move from the exterior to the interior, treat the exterior; if the interior symptoms are more severe, treat the exterior first, then the interior. This explains the differences in how pathogens originate from the exterior or interior. It is also stated: "If the interior and exterior do not affect each other, treat the primary disease." "Not affecting each other" refers to the Half-Exterior, Half-Interior state. Pathogens may enter from the exterior into the interior, or emerge from the interior to the exterior. Although the directions differ, the state of the pathogen being in the Half-Exterior, Half-Interior remains the same. This condition where interior and exterior do not interact characterizes Shaoyang disease. "Treating the primary disease" means treating Shaoyang disease.
The Yellow Emperor asked about diseases characterized by alternating chills and fever, resembling malaria, which may occur daily or every other day. Qibo answered that this depends on the timing of the encounter between Sheng (Overcoming) and Fu (Rebounding) Qi, with variations in their abundance. When Yin is abundant and Yang is scarce, the interval between attacks is long; when Yin is scarce and Yang is abundant, the interval is short. This interplay of Sheng and Fu Qi, with its rhythms of excess and deficiency, follows the same pattern as malaria. Malaria also belongs to Shaoyang. Shaoyang corresponds to the Qi of the East. When the Qi moves retrograde, chills occur; when it moves anterograde, fever occurs. Thus, the uncertain movement of Qi leads to alternating cold and heat.
When a woman's menstruation suddenly stops and illness arises, it should be treated according to Shaoyang principles. *Shanghan Zabing Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases) states: "When the body has pathology but the pulse shows signs of pathogenic factors, it indicates amenorrhea." It also states: "When menstruation does not come, it is due to the closure of the Bao Mai (Uterine Vessels)." Amenorrhea is characterized by the absence of the Chi (Cun Cun) pulse at the wrist; closure of the Bao Mai signifies the exhaustion of the source of generation and transformation. Both conditions belong to blood disorders. Jueyin (Terminal Yin) governs the Blood Sea; Jueyin disease will affect Shaoyang, as they are paired organs (Liver and Gallbladder).
For children suffering from external contraction or internal injury, if symptoms such as tidal fever or alternating chills and fever appear, they should all be treated according to Shaoyang principles.
For men, women, children, and young girls, pulses vary among Floating, Middle, and Deep positions. Consequently, treatments vary among releasing the exterior, purging the interior, and harmonizing. One must distinguish whether the pathogen is in the Qi level or Blood level, and determine its movement through Yin or Yang channels. Ensuring appropriate regulation of large and small bowels, and balancing the weight and dosage of herbs so that contrary and compliant conditions are managed with proper urgency, ensures complete success. These are the treatment principles for Shaoyang, which must not be ignored.