微寒，微温，味咸。有毒。
《本草》云∶主恶血血瘀，痹气破折，血在胁下，坚满痛，月闭，目中淫肤，青翳白膜
。吐血，在胸中不去，及破骨 折血结。金疮血塞。产后中寒，下乳汁。仲景治杂病方，大
黄虫丸中用之，以其主胁下坚满也。《续传信方》治喉痹，取虫汁点在喉中，下即喉开也
。《时习》补入。
气平，微温，味甘。无毒。
《本草》云∶主心腹邪气，诸惊痫痉。安五脏诸不足，益气补中，止痛解毒，除众病，
和百药。养脾气，除心烦，饮食不下，止肠 ，肌中疼痛，口疮，明耳目。
《液》云∶凡炼蜜，必须用火熬开，以纸覆，经宿，纸上去蜡尽，再熬色变，不可过度
，令熟入药。
气寒，味酸。有毒。
《本草》云∶治小儿惊风螈 ，腹胀寒热，大人癫疾狂易。手足端寒，支满奔豚。
《日华子》云∶堕胎，治疰忤。和干姜，傅恶疮，出箭头。
《图经》云∶心，主疔疮。
《衍义》云∶大小二种。一种大者，为胡蜣螂，身黑光，腹翼下有小黄子，附母飞行，
昼不出，夜方飞至人家户庭中，见灯光则来；一种小者，身黑暗，昼方飞出，夜不出。今当
用胡蜣螂，以其小者，研三十枚，以水灌牛、马肠结，佳。
气平，味咸。无毒。
《本草》云∶主心腹症瘕坚积，寒热。去鼻中息肉，阴蚀，痔，恶肉。疗温疟，血瘕，
腰痛，小儿胁下坚。
《衍义》云∶治劳瘦，除骨中热，极佳。
[Quqi (Grub)] Slightly cold, slightly warm, salty flavor. Toxic.
Bencao states: It treats evil blood and blood stasis, bi syndrome and fractures, blood accumulation under the hypochondrium causing hardness, fullness, and pain, amenorrhea, yin fu (pterygium) in the eyes, green and white membranes obscuring vision. Hematemesis, blood stagnating in the chest that cannot be expelled, and blood coagulation following bone fractures. Blockage of bleeding from metal wounds. Postpartum cold invasion, promoting lactation. Zhang Zhongjing used it in his formulas for miscellaneous diseases, specifically in Dahuang Zhechong Wan, because it treats hardness and fullness under the hypochondrium. Xuchuan Fang treats throat obstruction (houbi) by applying the insect juice to the throat, which opens the throat upon administration. Shixi added this entry.
[Biejia (Turtle Shell)] Qi is neutral, slightly warm, sweet flavor. Non-toxic.
Bencao states: It treats pathogenic qi in the heart and abdomen, various forms of fright, epilepsy, and spasms. It nourishes the five zang organs and addresses their deficiencies, tonifies qi and strengthens the middle jiao, stops pain and detoxifies, eliminates various diseases, and harmonizes other herbs. It nourishes spleen qi, relieves mental restlessness, aids swallowing when food intake is difficult, stops intestinal discharge (chang pi), alleviates pain in the muscles, treats mouth ulcers, and clarifies the ears and eyes.
Ye states: When refining honey, one must boil it over fire until it opens, cover it with paper, leave it overnight until all wax residue is absorbed by the paper, then boil again until the color changes. Do not over-boil to avoid becoming too cooked for medicinal use.
[Qianglang (Dung Beetle)] Qi is cold, sour flavor. Toxic.
Bencao states: It treats infantile convulsions and twitching, abdominal distension with alternating cold and heat, and manic delirium in adults. Cold extremities, hypochondriac fullness, and ben tun (gas rushing upward).
Rimazih states: It induces abortion and treats zhu wu (pestilential or haunting illness). Combined with dried ginger and applied externally to malignant sores, it can extract arrowheads.
Tujing states: Enters the Heart meridian, treating ding chuang (carbuncles).
Yanyi states: There are two types, large and small. The larger one is called Hu Qianglang, with a shiny black body and small yellow offspring under its wing covers, flying attached to the mother. It does not fly out during the day but flies into courtyards at night, attracted by light. The smaller one has a dark body, flies out during the day, and does not fly at night. Currently, Hu Qianglang should be used; thirty small ones are ground up and soaked in water mixed with ox or horse intestinal knots for best results.
[Biejia (Turtle Shell)] Qi is neutral, salty flavor. Non-toxic.
Bencao states: It treats zheng jia (masses) and hard accumulations in the heart and abdomen, alternating cold and heat. It removes nasal polyps, genital erosion, hemorrhoids, and foul flesh. It treats warm malaria, xue jia (blood masses), lower back pain, and hardness under the hypochondrium in children.
Yanyi states: It treats lao shou (consumptive emaciation) and clears heat from the bones, with excellent efficacy.