告状切不可信,须是详细检验,务要从实。
有可任公吏使之察访,或有非理等说,且听来报,自更裁度。
戒左右人,不得卤莽。
初检,不得称尸首坏烂不任检验,并须指定要害致死之因。
凡初检时,如体问得是争斗分明,虽经多日,亦不得定作无凭检验,招上司问难。须仔
细定当痕损致命去处。若委是经日久变动,方称尸首不任摆拨。
初检尸有无伤损讫,就验处,衬簟尸首在物上,复以物盖。候毕,周遭用灰印,记有若干枚,交与
守尸弓手、耆正副、邻人看守,责状附案,交与覆检,免至被人残害伤损尸首也。若是疑难
检验,仍不得远去,防覆检异同。
与前检无异,方可保明具申。万一致命处不明,痕损不同,如以药死作病死之类,不可
概举。前检受弊,覆检者乌可不究心察之,恐有连累矣。
检得与前验些小不同,迁就改正;果有大段违戾,不可根据随。更再三审问干系等人,如
众称可变,方据检得异同事理,供申;不可据己见便变易。
覆检,如尸经多日,头面 胀,皮发脱落,唇口翻张,两眼迭出,蛆虫咂食,委实坏烂
不通措手。若系刃伤、他物、拳手、足踢痕虚处,方可作无凭覆检状申。如是他物及刃伤骨
损,宜冲洗仔细验之,即须于状内声说致命,岂可作无凭检验申上。
覆检官验讫,如无争论,方可给尸与亲属。无亲属者,责付本都埋瘗;勒令看守,不得
火化及散落。如有争论,未可给尸;且掘一坑,就所簟物,HT 尸安顿坑内,上以门扇盖
,用土罨瘗作堆,周遭用灰印印记,防备后来官司再检覆。仍责看守状附案。
Accusations must not be trusted blindly; a detailed examination is required to ascertain the facts.
Public clerks may be entrusted with investigations. If there are unreasonable statements, listen to them first and then make your own judgment.
Instruct your attendants not to act rashly.
During the initial inspection, one must not claim that the corpse is too decomposed to examine; instead, the specific cause of death must be identified.
If inquiries reveal clear evidence of a fight, even if several days have passed, the case must not be dismissed as lacking evidence, which would invite scrutiny from superiors. One must carefully determine the location of injuries that caused death. Only if the body has indeed changed due to the passage of time should it be stated that the corpse cannot be moved for examination.
After confirming the presence or absence of injuries during the initial inspection, place a mat under the corpse at the examination site and cover it. Upon completion, mark the perimeter with ash seals, record the number of seals, and hand over custody to the archers, headmen (Qizheng) and their deputies, and neighbors who are responsible for guarding the body. A written guarantee should be attached to the case file and transferred to the re-examination officer to prevent tampering or damage to the corpse. In difficult cases, the re-examination officer must not leave the area far away to avoid discrepancies between the two examinations.
Only if the re-examination results are identical to the initial one can a report of authenticity be submitted to superiors. If the cause of death remains unclear or injuries differ—for instance, mistaking poisoning for natural disease—such errors cannot be overlooked. Given potential flaws in the initial inspection, the re-examiner must investigate diligently to avoid mutual liability.
If minor discrepancies are found compared to the initial inspection, corrections may be made accordingly; however, if there are significant contradictions, blind adherence is unacceptable. Further questioning of involved parties is necessary. Only if consensus supports a change should the differences be reported based on evidence. Changes must not be made solely based on personal opinion.
During re-examination, if the corpse has decomposed significantly after many days—with swollen head and face, peeling skin, protruding eyes, exposed lips, and maggot infestation—making handling impossible, a report of "no evidence" may be filed only if the injuries (e.g., cuts, blunt force, kicks) are superficial or indistinct. However, if bone fractures or deep wounds caused by weapons or objects are present, they must be carefully cleaned and examined. The report must explicitly state the cause of death; it cannot be declared as lacking evidence.
After the re-examination, if there is no dispute, the corpse may be released to relatives. For corpses without relatives, the local administrative unit (Du) is ordered to bury them, with strict supervision against cremation or scattering. If disputes arise, the corpse must not be released. Instead, dig a pit, place the corpse back on the original mat within the pit, cover it with door panels, mound earth over it, and seal the perimeter with ash marks to prepare for potential future official inspections. A guard’s guarantee must also be attached to the case file.