观形观气要精通，禀受元来自不同，细察盈亏明部分，随机用药见奇功。
形者，面色也。气者，神气也。张吉夫云∶小儿证候，不可取之一端，在表里相应，
随机消息，岂胶柱调瑟者所能观其形而知其证哉？信斯言也。况小儿虚实，有非系乎肥
瘦，而系乎气色者，何以言之，盖有肥而气怯，瘦而气壮，气怯则色必嫩，其为虚可知
矣。气壮则色必盛，其为实可知矣。由是论之，五脏之气，皆形于面部，肝青、心赤、肺
白、肾黑、脾黄，是其本体。肝旺于春，心旺于夏，肺旺于秋，肾旺于冬，各七十二日，
脾寄旺于四季后一十八日，是其本位。然有时乎不春不冬，而面变青黑者，非肝之与肾
也。不秋不夏而面变赤白者，亦非心之与肺也。盖五脏之气，层见叠出，随证流形，初
无一定，忽然青黑主乎痛，忽然赤者主乎热，忽然白者主乎冷，忽然黄者主乎积。此其气
之开阖，非系乎时，非拘乎位。又如心主颏，肝主眼，并左睑，脾主唇之上下，肺主右睑，
肾主耳前颏（音孩）外，其形或见于位，或露于他部，所谓不可取之一端，明其义也。且脾主
唇之上下为吐泻，或患痢日久，然其色黑则肾之乘脾，水反克土，名为强胜，其藏或败
耳。肝主眼并左睑，其色青，本色也，主惊骇风痰发动，是为顺证。若见白色，乃肺之
克肝，即为逆证。以此推考，变而通之，存乎其人，学人留心于此，诚有用焉。
Observing the form and qi (vital energy) requires mastery, as innate endowments naturally vary. One must carefully examine the excess or deficiency to clarify the location, and apply medication flexibly according to circumstances to achieve remarkable results.
"Form" refers to facial complexion; "qi" refers to spirit and vital breath. Zhang Jifu stated: Pediatric syndromes cannot be judged by a single aspect; one must correlate interior and exterior, and adjust analysis dynamically. How could those who are rigid and inflexible, like someone tuning a zither with fixed bridges, observe form and know the syndrome? This statement is credible. Moreover, pediatric excess or deficiency does not necessarily depend on fatness or thinness, but on color and luster. Why is this? There are cases of fat individuals with deficient qi, and thin individuals with robust qi. Deficient qi implies a tender complexion, indicating deficiency. Robust qi implies a vibrant complexion, indicating excess. From this reasoning, the qi of the five zang organs manifests on the face: Liver corresponds to green, Heart to red, Lung to white, Kidney to black, and Spleen to yellow; these are their original colors. Liver qi peaks in Spring, Heart qi in Summer, Lung qi in Autumn, and Kidney qi in Winter, each governing seventy-two days; Spleen qi governs eighteen days at the end of each season, which is its proper position. However, when the face turns green or black outside of Spring or Winter, it is not necessarily due to Liver or Kidney disorders. When the face turns red or white outside of Autumn or Summer, it is not necessarily due to Heart or Lung disorders. This is because the qi of the five zang organs appears in layers and flows with the syndrome, having no fixed pattern initially. Suddenly appearing green or black indicates pain; suddenly appearing red indicates heat; suddenly appearing white indicates cold; suddenly appearing yellow indicates accumulation. The opening and closing of this qi are not bound by seasons or fixed positions. For instance, the Heart governs the chin, the Liver governs the eyes and left eyelid, the Spleen governs the upper and lower lips, the Lung governs the right eyelid, and the Kidney governs the area before the ear and outside the chin (pronounced 'hai'). These manifestations may appear in their corresponding locations or elsewhere, illustrating why one cannot judge by a single aspect. Furthermore, the Spleen governs the lips; if vomiting and diarrhea occur, or if dysentery persists for a long time, and the complexion turns black, it indicates Kidney water invading Spleen earth (water overcoming earth), named "strong overacting," suggesting the Spleen organ may be failing. The Liver governs the eyes and left eyelid; if the color is green, it is the original color, indicating fright, wind, or phlegm activation, which is a favorable syndrome. If white is seen, it indicates Lung metal overcoming Liver wood, which is an unfavorable syndrome. By deducing from this and adapting flexibly, success depends on the practitioner. Students who pay attention to this will find it truly useful.