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*Daquan* (Comprehensive Questions on Gynecology) states: A woman's *zheng* (masses, characterized by fixed abdominal lumps that do not move when pushed) arises from irregular diet and damage to the Spleen and Stomach. When pathogenic factors and healthy Qi contend, accumulation occurs in the abdomen, remaining firm and immobile, with distinct signs for verification; hence it is called "*zheng*". Because the flow of Qi is obstructed, it is also called "*pi*" (fullness/stagnation). It manifests upon exposure to cold; if cold enters the *Zi Zang* (uterus), it causes infertility; if it enters the *Bao Luo* (perimetrium/uterine vessels), it leads to amenorrhea.

Xue Ji stated: If the aforementioned condition is due to Spleen-Stomach deficiency, use *Liujunzi Tang* (Six Gentlemen Decoction) plus *Chuanxiong Rhizoma* (Chuanxiong) and *Danggui Radix* (Danggui). If it is due to Liver-Spleen deficiency, use *Buzhong Yiqi Tang* (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) and *Guipi Tang* (Restore the Spleen Decoction) [Xue's approach serves as a model for patients with chronic illness and emaciation]. If it is due to stagnant Liver Fire, assist with *Lushui Wan* (Aloe Pill) and *Liuwei Dihuang Wan* (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia), and apply *awei Gao* (Styrax Plaster) externally. Patients must be cautious regarding the Seven Emotions (Joy, Anger, Worry, Thought, Sadness, Fear, Fright) and Six Exogenous Pathogens (Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire), as well as their diet and daily routine. Physicians must frequently examine the disease mechanism and prescribe medication accordingly, so that effectiveness may be achieved.

*Daquan* further states: A woman's *shi ji* (food stagnation masses) results from weak Zang-Fu organs. When menstruation arrives, consumption of raw or cold foods exacerbates the existing Spleen-Stomach weakness, preventing digestion. This conflicts with the organ Qi, condensing into a mass that grows day by day, becoming firmly entrenched and immobile; thus it is termed "*shi ji*".

Xue Ji stated: For the aforementioned condition, if the patient's constitution and Qi are weak, one must first focus on regulating and tonifying the Spleen and Stomach, assisting with digestive-promoting herbs. If the constitution and Qi are robust, one should first focus on unblocking and draining, assisting with Spleen-Stomach tonification. If there is Qi stagnation and Blood stasis causing obstruction, *Wuyao San* (Lindera Powder) is suitable to disperse and promote circulation. (The composition of *Wuyao San*: *Linderae Radix* (Wuyao) and *Curcumae Rhizoma* (Ezhu) soaked in vinegar and stir-fried, *Cinnamomi Cortex* (Guixin), *Angelicae Sinensis Radix* (Danggui), *Persicae Semen* (Taoren), *Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium* (Qingpi), and *Aucklandiae Radix* (Muxiang) in equal parts, ground into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with hot wine.)

If Spleen Qi deficiency causes Blood non-circulation, use *Sijunzi Tang* (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus *Chuanxiong* and *Danggui* to tonify and promote circulation. If Spleen Qi depression causes Blood non-circulation, use *Guipi Tang* to resolve depression and promote circulation. If Liver-Spleen Blood dryness causes Blood non-circulation, use *Jiawei Xiaoyao San* (Modified Free and Easy Wanderer Powder) to clear heat and promote circulation. Generally, food stagnation and *pi* masses are tangible pathogens. Essentially, excess of pathogenic factors indicates an Excess pattern, while depletion of True Qi indicates a Deficiency pattern. One should nourish the righteous Qi and repel the pathogenic factors, after which the accumulation will naturally dissipate. Nevertheless, hard masses should be削 (scraped/reduced), and external pathogens should be eliminated. These methods may be used if the Stomach Qi is not yet deficient. However, for patients with long-standing illness and weakness, they should not be lightly attempted.