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[Su Song said] Whenever using deer antler (Lurong, 鹿角) or elk antler (Mirong, 麋角), they should be cut into sections and crushed into fragments. They are soaked in honey (Fengmi, 蜂蜜), roasted over a gentle fire until slightly discolored, dried in the sun, then pounded and sieved into powder.

[Note: Cui Shengzhi]

(Also known as Deer Antler Glue [Lujiao Jiao, 鹿角胶]) [The Divine Farmer's Materia Medica Added and Revised (Bielu, 别录) states] Baijiao (White Glue) is produced in Yunzhong Commandery and is made by boiling deer antlers. [Tao Hongjing said] Nowadays, few people boil it anymore; it is only used when making horn bows. The method is: first soak it in rice washing water (Mitan, 米泔) for seven days until soft, then decoct it, following the same method as preparing Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao, 阿胶). Another method: crush the antlers finely, add one piece of dry cowhide, and boil them together. [Li Shizhen said] Collect complete antlers, saw them open, each section three inches long, place them in a container, and soak them in rapid flowing water for one hundred days. Take them out, scrape off the yellow skin with a knife, and wipe clean. Boil them in strong vinegar for seven days, adding vinegar continuously without stopping. Do not apply fire during the Xu hour (7-9 PM); the process runs from the Zi hour (11 PM-1 AM) to the Xu hour. When the time is up, the antlers turn white and become soft like powder. Pound them thoroughly, and for every ten taels, add one yi of unfermented wine (Wuhuijiu, 无灰酒), boil into glue, dry in the shade, grind, and sieve for use. [Li Shizhen said] People nowadays call the substance boiled into powder "Deer Antler Frost" (Lujiao Shuang, 鹿角霜); the powder boiled into glue, or thick juice boiled into paste, is called "Deer Antler Glue" (Lujiao Jiao, 鹿角胶). According to Hu Qian's *Health Preservation Formula* (Weisheng Fang, 《卫生方》): Soak deer antlers in rice washing water for seven days to soften them, then soak in rapid flowing water for another seven days, remove the coarse skin, and boil for seven days using east-flowing water and mulberry wood fire, adding water as needed, with a little vinegar added. Pound into frost for use. The liquid can be mixed with unfermented wine and boiled into glue. Furthermore, Shao Yizheng's *Emergency Relief Formula* (Jiji Fang, 《济急方》) states: Use three pairs of new antlers, cut into inch-length segments, place in a container, and soak in long-flowing water for three days. Scrape clean, add two taels each of Cornus officinalis fruit (Zhushizi, 楮实子), Mulberry root bark (Sangbaipi, 桑白皮), and beeswax (Huangla, 黄蜡). Boil in an iron pot for three days and nights without interruption; add hot water if it decreases. When finished, take out, scrape clean, dry, and grind into frost. Han Zhihe's *Medical Compendium* (Yitong, 《医通》) states: Cut new deer antlers into inch-length segments, place in a cloth bag, and soak in flowing water for seven days. Place in a pottery jar with water, boil using mulberry wood fire. For every jin of antler, add half a jin of beeswax, cover with a pot lid, and add water as needed. Once the antlers are soft, scrape clean with a bamboo knife and pound into frost for use.