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In the *Suwen: Qibing Lun* (Treatise on Rare Diseases), the Yellow Emperor asked: Those who are born with Dianji (epilepsy/seizure disorder), what is this disease called? How is it acquired? Qibo replied: This disease is named Taibing (fetal disease). It is acquired while in the mother's womb. At that time, the mother suffered a great fright, causing Qi to ascend and fail to descend. Jingqi (Essence-Qi) gathered together, thus causing the child to develop Dianji after birth.

This refers to Dianji present at birth, which is what is near-termly called Dianxian (epilepsy). Suddenly collapsing unconscious, not knowing people or surroundings, with convulsions of the hands and feet; after a short while, phlegm surges and vomiting occurs. After the phlegm-drool is vomited out, consciousness gradually returns. This is because during the fetal stage, the mother's great fright stirred up Liver Wind (Liver Wind). The fetus inherited this Qi, which combined with Essence-Qi within the body, like oil penetrating into flour. Whenever Wind Qi moves, it stirs up Phlegm-Drool, which rises to cloud the Heart Orifices, resulting in unconsciousness and sudden collapse; Wind movement causes convulsions of the hands and feet. Because Qi closure prevents normal sound production, pig-like or sheep-like sounds are made, hence the names Yangdian (Sheep Epilepsy) and Zhudian (Pig Epilepsy). Since this disease originates from the Fetal Origin (Ta Yuan), it is difficult to treat.

In the *Lingshu: Xieke Pian* (Chapter on Evil Qi Invasion), the Yellow Emperor asked: When Evil Qi invades the person, sometimes it causes inability to close the eyes and insomnia. What Qi causes this? Bo Gao replied: When five grains enter the stomach, their dregs, Jin Ye (Body Fluids), and Zong Qi (Gathering Qi) are divided into three pathways. Thus, Zong Qi accumulates in the chest, emerges from the throat, penetrates the Heart vessels, and governs respiration; Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) secretes Jin Ye, injects them into the vessels, transforms them into Blood, to nourish the four extremities, and internally irrigates the Zang-Fu organs, corresponding to the time markers of the day and night; Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) emits its fierce, swift, and slippery Qi, proceeding first among the four extremities, interstices of muscles, and skin, without rest. During the day, it travels in the Yang aspects; at night, it travels in the Yin aspects. It often passes through the divisions of Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney Meridian) and travels through the Zang-Fu organs. Now, if Jue Qi (Rebellious Qi) lodges in the Zang-Fu organs, then Wei Qi can only guard the exterior, traveling in the Yang, and cannot enter the Yin. Traveling in the Yang leads to excess Yang; excess Yang leads to stagnation/excess in the Yang Qiao Mai (Yang Heel Vessel), preventing entry into Yin, resulting in Yin deficiency, thus causing inability to close the eyes.

The circulation of Ying and Wei Qi has been detailed in the "Ying Wei Jing Luo Men" (Gate of Nutritive and Defensive Qi and Collaterals). Wei Qi travels in Yang during the day, like the sun traversing the sky; it travels in Yin at night, like the sun setting into the earth. This is how human Yin and Yang circulate in correspondence with the Yin and Yang of Heaven and Earth. Now, Jue Qi lodges in the Zang-Fu organs, conflicting with Wei Qi. Wei Qi cannot enter Yin, leading to a failure of Yin-Yang interaction, with Yang exclusively excessive on the exterior and Qi in the Yin aspect deficient. Yin deficiency and Yang excess cause inability to close the eyes (insomnia). Jue Qi may be due to external pathogens or internal injury, causing Yin-Yang rebellion and disharmony, collectively termed Jue Qi. Therefore, in all diseases caused by internal injury or external contraction, insomnia may occur. One must examine the etiology to treat it for efficacy.

The Yellow Emperor asked: How should it be treated? Bo Gao replied: Tonify the deficiency, drain the excess, regulate emptiness and fullness, unblock the pathways, and eliminate the evil. Administer one dose of Banxia Tang (Pinellia Decoction); once Yin and Yang are unblocked, sleep will follow immediately. The Yellow Emperor said: This is what is meant by dredging waterways blocked by obstruction, allowing collaterals to flow freely, and harmonizing Yin and Yang. I wish to hear the prescription. Bo Gao replied: Take eight sheng of running water from over a thousand li away, toss it ten thousand times, take five sheng of the clear part, boil it using reed firewood. When the fire boils, add one sheng of Shumi (Sorghum) and five he of processed Banxia (Pinellia Rhizome). Simmer slowly until reduced to one and a half sheng. Remove the dregs. Drink one small cup, three times a day, gradually increasing the dose until therapeutic effect is achieved. For newly onset cases, sleep comes as soon as the cup is set down; sweating indicates recovery. For chronic cases, three doses are sufficient for cure.

Spleen and Stomach belong to Central Earth and are the pathways for the ascent and descent of Yin and Yang. Yang roots in Yin and governs ascent; Spleen is Yin but its Qi ascends. Ascent means moving from interior to exterior. Yin roots in Yang and governs descent; Stomach is Yang but its Qi descends. Descent means connecting from exterior to interior. Wei Qi failing to enter Yin is because external Qi cannot move inward, due to the failure of Stomach Qi to descend and unblock. Drinking Banxia Tang descends Stomach Qi, allowing Yin-Yang communication, so sleep follows immediately. Taking long-flowing water and tossing it ten thousand times, taking the clear part, and boiling with reed firewood on strong heat utilizes its light, ascending, slippery, and flowing nature to unblock stagnation. Banxia unblocks Stomach and generates fluids; Shumi harmonizes Spleen and generates fluids. This achieves two goals with one action, so even for chronic cases, three doses suffice. This is a method to communicate Yin and Yang, treating primarily from the Spleen and Stomach, because Spleen and Stomach unify the Yin and Yang of the whole body.

In the *Suwen: Bingneng Lun* (Treatise on Disease Capabilities), the Yellow Emperor asked: Why do some people feel uneasy when lying down? Qibo replied: If Zang organs are injured, and the Spirit (Shen) has something to cling to or lodge upon, it finds peace there. Therefore, one cannot arbitrarily guess the disease.

This refers to uneasiness during sleep, i.e., inability to fall asleep. Due to excessive thinking and desires injuring the Zang organs, the Spirit lingers on certain obsessions and cannot let go, thus preventing peaceful sleep. If the obsessive mind is released/lodged elsewhere, it will naturally become peaceful. However, since we do not know what the obsession is or which Zang organ is injured—for example, excessive thought knots Qi and injures the Spleen, anger causes Qi rebellion and injures the Liver—one cannot speculate on the disease. One must inquire about the etiology to treat accordingly.