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Sweet, cold. Its stem does not exceed four or five chi in height, yet its leaves are uniquely larger than those of other bamboos; it is currently used to wrap zongzi (sticky rice dumplings).

Sweet, neutral, slightly toxic. The bone with fine and wide grain is female; the bone with coarse and narrow grain is male. Those possessing all five colors are of the first grade; those white with a yellowish tint are of the second grade. Black ones should not be used. Lick it [to test authenticity], dry it in the sun. For every jin, use black Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis) [as a reference or pairing]. Niuhuang is adverse to Longgu (Fossilized Bones), but Longgu becomes more potent when combined with Niuhuang [Note: Text implies complex interaction]; it fears Ganqi (Dried Lacquer), Shujiao (Sichuan Pepper), and Lishi (Magnesite). *Tu Jing* states: Currently, they are abundant in the prefectures of Hedong. Li Zhao in *Guo Shi Bu* states that when spring waters rise, fish leap over the Dragon Gate, shedding many bones, which people collect for medicinal use. Speculating, there was once a cliff collapse revealing some; one could only see them after death. Called "transformation," then... Zhu Guozhen in *Yongchuang Duanju* states: When Yu the Great controlled the floods reaching Zhenze, he slew a black dragon to sacrifice to Heaven. In the Yongle era of our dynasty, large quantities of Longgu were obtained. Shi Jian from Wujiang wrote about it. Bone but unrecognized. Yong... One day Xu asked if there were dragon horns; the person... happened to have someone selling them. Zhu asked how far away they came from? He replied: Not... Seeking rare treasures, Zhu Guozhen utilized the entry and exit points of procurement officials, intending to treat it as a rare commodity for speculation. Thus, accompanied by the person, he went to dig with a spade. Upon entering, he saw objects resembling several Vajra deities described by Buddhists, solemn as if alive, consisting only of remaining bones. Thus, dozens of Longgu, horns, teeth, and fangs were obtained, shipped to the court for tribute, excluding those who stole them. At that time, dragons were highly valued... still occasionally obtaining dragon... controlling floods, slaying the black dragon at Zhenze... seen, dare not force an explanation.

Sweet, warm. Attached to wooden branches, shaped like rush brooms, grayish-white in color and light in texture.
According to Chen Ziming's *Funren Liangfang*: Zi Shao Hua grows in lakes and marshes; it is formed when fish and shrimp lay eggs on bamboo and wood, resembling sugar lumps. Remove the wood and use it. Qian... common name...

This refers to Shan Jia Chuan (Pangolin Scales). Salty, slightly cold, toxic. It resembles a carp but has four feet, is black in color, and can live both on land and in water. Whenever used, it may be processed with butter (Su), vinegar, or child's urine; stir-fried with earth, or with clam powder; charred; or fried in oil and crushed. It is never used raw. The scales from the tail possess the strongest efficacy.