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Hezi's Guiling Ganlu Yin (Cinnamon Twig, Poria, and Sweet Dew Decoction) is used to treat thirst caused by latent summerheat with a deficient pulse.
Herbs include: Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Agastachis Herba (Huoxiang), Poria (Fuling), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Puerariae Radix (Gegen), Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), and Halloysitum Rubrum (Han Shuishi) (each 1 liang), Talcum (Huashi) (2 liang), and Aucklandiae Radix (Muxiang) (1 qian).
Grind the above herbs into powder. Take 3 qian each time, mixed with white boiled water.

The Guiling Ganlu Yin from Xuanming Fang consists of:
Poria (Fuling), Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie) (each 1 liang), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), Halloysitum Rubrum (Han Shuishi) (2 liang), Talcum (Huashi) (4 liang), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Gui), and Polyporus (Zhuling) (each half liang).
Grind the above herbs into powder. Take 2-3 qian each time, mixed with warm water.

Chen Sha Wu Ling San (Cinnabar Modified Five-Ingredient Poria Decoction) from Ju Fang is used to treat restlessness and thirst, headache, heavy body, and diarrhea caused by latent summerheat.
This formula adds Chen Sha (Cinnabar) to the base formula.
Grind the above herbs into powder. Take 2-3 qian each time, mixed with water or decoction.

Note: These three formulas all use herbs belonging to the Taiyang channel, but they differ in their actions of warming and dispersing, light leaching, and releasing the exterior.

Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Decoction for Resolving Toxicity) is used to treat summerheat-heat syndromes characterized by a surging and full pulse with thirst.
Da Jin Hua Wan (Great Golden Flower Pill) is used to treat all kinds of fire-heat and summerheat syndromes.
Shen Xiong Wan (Aucklandia and Ligusticum Pill) is used to treat excess conditions of internal damp-heat with severe fire and summerheat.
The details of these formulas are found in the "Fire Gate" chapter.

The *Neijing* states: "All dampness-induced swelling and abdominal fullness belong to Spleen Earth; excessive dampness leads to loose stools; earthly dampness invading the body harms the skin, flesh, sinews, and vessels."

The *Yuan Bing Shi* states: "All spasms and stiffness, retained fluids, epigastric stuffiness, middle fullness, cholera with vomiting and diarrhea, heavy body, edema, and flesh like mud that does not rise when pressed all belong to dampness."

The *Mai Jing* states: "A pulse that is deep and slow, deep and fine, or slow indicates dampness invasion; a floating pulse indicates wind-damp; a large, or floating, deficient, and choppy pulse indicates cold-damp; a slippery and rapid pulse accompanied by fever, restlessness, panting, chest fullness, dry mouth, and jaundice indicates damp-heat; a surging and slow pulse with deficiency of both Yin and Yang indicates extreme damp-heat; a surging and moving pulse with pain indicates damp-heat causing pain."

The *Neijing* states: "Due to dampness, the head feels as if wrapped; if damp-heat is not resolved, the major sinews shorten and the minor sinews relax and lengthen. Shortening of major sinews causes contracture, while relaxation and lengthening of minor sinews causes flaccidity. Due to Qi stagnation, swelling occurs; if the four extremities take turns being affected, Yang Qi will be exhausted."

According to Zhu Danxi: Dampness is the turbid Qi of Earth. The head is the meeting point of all Yang channels; it is high, clear, and empty, so auditory and visual acuity depend on it. Turbid Qi steaming upward blocks the clear pathways, causing heaviness and difficulty, feeling as if covered by an object. If not treated promptly, dampness stagnates and transforms into heat. Heat lingering damages Blood, preventing it from nourishing the sinews, leading to contracture (shortening of major sinews); dampness damaging sinews prevents them from binding the bones, leading to flaccidity (relaxation of minor sinews). "Due to dampness, the head feels as if wrapped" is a three-character phrase per line; "if damp-heat is not resolved" follows with four-character phrases per line, making the text neat and clear. The section "Due to Qi stagnation, swelling occurs" in Chapter 4 lacks subsequent description, suggesting missing text. However, Wang Bing's commentary states: "Pre-existing Qi disorders combined with damp-heat cause Qi and damp-heat to contend, resulting in swelling." As pathogenic factors increase and healthy Qi decreases, Yang Qi declines, allowing pathogens to replace healthy Qi, blocking circulation, causing swelling in the four extremities. All Yang Qi receives influence from the four extremities. However, modern practitioners often mistake knee joint swelling and pain for Wind, which is a common error.

Wind, Cold, and Dampness mixing together form Bi syndrome. When Dampness is predominant, it is called Zhuo Bi (Fixed Bi). Profuse sweating and wetness indicate deficient Yang and abundant Yin. Injury from Cold-Damp causing pain throughout the skin and muscles is named Ji Bi (Muscle Bi).

Carefully noted: In dampness syndromes complicated by Cold, internal excess causes abdominal pain and diarrhea, while external excess causes heavy, painful limbs or ulcerated, numb muscles and sinews; complicated by Wind, external excess causes heavy, painful body with sweating; complicated by Heat, internal excess causes dysentery, while external excess causes pain, heat, or swelling and jaundice. Although internal injury and external contraction differ, and complex pathogens may combine, one should address them sequentially based on their predominance.

When Cold-Damp invades the human body, the skin fails to close, muscles become tight, Ying Blood stagnates, and Wei Qi departs, constituting a Deficiency pattern. In deficiency patterns, there is contraction and insufficient Qi; pressing provides Qi to warm the area, bringing relief without pain.

According to Li Dongyuan: This affects the clear and empty regions, starting from the feet; thus, earthly dampness invading the body harms the skin, flesh, sinews, and vessels. Changes in all diseases arise from wind, rain, cold, heat, diet, living conditions, Yin-Yang, emotions, etc. The *Zhen Jing Jie* clarifies: "If the body is not deficient, external pathogens cannot harm it."

The *Jin Gui Yao Lue* states: "Taiyang disease with joint pain and restlessness, with a deep and fine pulse, is named Zhong Shi (Dampness Invasion) or Shi Bi (Damp Bi). Its signs are difficult urination and loose stools; only diuresis should be employed. Generalized body pain with fever worsening at dusk is named Feng Shi (Wind-Damp). This disease results from sweating followed by exposure to wind or long-term cold injury. Feng Shi presents with a floating pulse, heavy body, sweating, and aversion to wind. When Wind and Damp contend, the body is painful and restless, unable to turn over, without vomiting or thirst, with a floating, deficient, and choppy pulse. Contention of Wind and Damp causes painful joints, pulling pain, inability to flex or extend, exacerbated by touch, with sweating, shortness of breath, difficult urination, aversion to wind preferring to keep clothes on, or slight swelling."

The above discusses the differences between Wind-Damp and Cold-Damp.

Patients with chronic dampness suffer from generalized pain, fever, and a sallow-yellow complexion like smoked yellow. Dampness patients with body pain, fever, yellow face, panting, headache, nasal congestion, and restlessness, with a large pulse, normal appetite, and no abdominal discomfort, have Cold-Damp in the head causing nasal congestion; inserting medicine into the nose cures it.

The previous case was a damp-heat example without mentioning heat treatment methods, which should be distinguished. Dampness patients are mostly seen in the humid southeast. Zhu Danxi stated: "Damp-heat and Ministerial Fire account for eight or nine out of ten cases." Li Dongyuan's examples of damp-heat syndromes are detailed in the "Heat Gate" chapter.