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Formulas for Resolving the Exterior

Zhang Zhongjing's Baihu Jia Guizhi Tang (White Tiger plus Cinnamon Twig Decoction) is used to treat Warm Malaria (Wen Nue).
Ingredients: Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 6 liang), Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 jin, crushed), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 liang), Jingmi (Oryzae Sativa Semen, 6 he).
Preparation and Administration: Coarsely crush the herbs. Boil in 12 sheng of water until the rice is cooked, then strain. Continue boiling until 3 sheng remain. Take 1 sheng warm per dose, three times daily. Recovery occurs with sweating.
Commentary: This formula consists of herbs belonging to the Taiyang (Greater Yang) and Yangming (Yang Brightness) meridians.

Chaihu Guijiang Tang (Bupleurum, Cinnamon Twig, and Ginger Decoction) is used to treat malaria characterized by abundant cold and slight heat, or only cold without heat, known as Pin Nue (Yin Malaria).
Ingredients: Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 8 liang), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (each 2 liang), Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix, 4 liang), Muli (Ostreae Concha), Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) (each 2 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Coarsely crush the herbs. Decoct in water. Take 1 sheng per dose, three times daily. Initial administration may cause irritability, followed by sweating indicates recovery.
Commentary: This formula consists of herbs belonging to the Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) and Taiyang (Greater Yang) meridians.

Guizhi Qianghuo Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Notopterygii Rhizoma Decoction) from *Jingyue Quanshu* (Essential Principles) is used for malaria occurring before the End of Heat solar term, presenting with headache and stiff neck, floating pulse, aversion to wind, and sweating.
Ingredients: Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each half liang).
Preparation and Administration: Make into coarse powder. Take half liang per dose, decoct in 1.5 zhan of water until 1 zhan remains. Take warm before the onset of fever. If vomiting occurs, add Banxia Qu (Fermented Pinelliae Mass).

Mahuang Qianghuo Tang (Ephedra and Notopterygii Rhizoma Decoction) applies to the above syndrome but presents with aversion to wind and absence of sweating.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each half liang).
Preparation and Administration: Same as above.
Commentary: Both of the above formulas consist of herbs belonging to the Taiyang (Greater Yang) meridian.

For treating malaria with body heat, eye pain, abundant heat and scanty cold, and a long pulse, first administer Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) to purge, aiming for mild diarrhea. If residual heat remains, administer Baizhi Tang (Angelica Dahurica Decoction) to eliminate remaining pathogenic factors.
Ingredients: Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, 1 liang), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 1 liang 7 qian), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 4 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Make into coarse powder. Decoct according to previous methods.
Commentary: This formula consists of herbs belonging to the Yangming (Yang Brightness) meridian.

Guizhi Shaoyao Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Peony Decoction) is used for malaria with severe chills and fever, regardless of sequence. This is a combined disease of the Taiyang (Greater Yang) and Yangming (Yang Brightness) meridians, termed "Da Zheng" (Great Struggle). During chills and fever, there is necessarily trembling. The *Classic* states: "When heat prevails, movement occurs."
Fever inevitably leads to sweating. The *Classic* states: "If sweating does not lead to cure, it indicates internal heat." This is a syndrome of Excess Yang and Deficiency Yin, manifesting as Internal Excess and External Deficiency. If untreated, it may transmit to the Yin meridians over time. This formula governs this syndrome.
Ingredients: Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 qian), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) (each 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Make into coarse powder. Take 5 qian per dose, increasing to 1 liang if necessary. Decoct in water.
Commentary: This formula consists of herbs belonging to the Taiyang (Greater Yang) and Yangming (Yang Brightness) meridians.

Guizhi Huangqin Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Scutellaria Decoction): If symptoms worsen after taking previous formulas, it indicates a combined disease of the Three Yang meridians. It is appropriate to use this formula to harmonize.
Ingredients: Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 1 liang 2 qian), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 4 qian 5 fen), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 4 qian), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) (each 5 qian), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 2 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Make into coarse powder. Decoct according to previous methods.
Regarding previous treatments: If external pathogens are resolved but internal pathogens remain, proceed with purging formulas. If onset occurs between Mao (05:00-07:00) and Wu (11:00-13:00 hours), Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is suitable for purging. If onset occurs between Wu (11:00-13:00) and You (17:00-19:00) hours, the pathogen is internal; Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) is suitable for purging. If onset occurs between You (17:00-19:00) and Zi (23:00-01:00) hours, or even Yin (03:00-05:00) hours, the pathogen is in the Blood level; Taoren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel Order the Qi Decoction) is suitable for purging with mild diarrhea, followed by Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) to thoroughly resolve the pathogen.
Commentary: This formula consists of herbs belonging to the Taiyang (Greater Yang), Yangming (Yang Brightness), and Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) meridians. All the above formulas address Wind, Cold, Summerheat, and Heat pathogens entering from the exterior and affecting the Three Yang meridians.

Guizhi Shigao Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Gypsum Decoction) is used for malaria with no other accompanying symptoms, occurring every other day, starting with chills followed by fever, with scanty cold and abundant heat.
Ingredients: Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 5 qian), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 liang 5 qian), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 1 liang 5 qian), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Make into coarse powder. Divide into three doses. Decoct in water.
Commentary: This formula consists of herbs belonging to the Taiyang (Greater Yang) and Yangming (Yang Brightness) meridians. Treating every-other-day malaria addresses pathogens that have penetrated deeply.

Mahuang Huangqin Tang (Ephedra and Scutellaria Decoction) is used for malaria presenting as described above but occurring at night.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 1 liang, de-stemmed), Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 qian), Taoren (Persicae Semen, 30 pieces, skin and tip removed), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 2 qian), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 5 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Make into fine powder. Decoct according to previous methods. Taoren has bitter, sweet, and acrid flavors. The Liver is the sea of blood; when blood becomes agitated, Liver Qi becomes dry. As stated in the *Classic*: "The Liver dislikes constraint; urgently consume sweet flavors to relax it." Therefore, Taoren disperses blood and relaxes the Liver. This indicates the pathogen has entered deeply into the Blood level, hence the nocturnal onset, signifying pathology in the Yin meridians. This formula disperses Wind-Cold from the Blood level.
Commentary: This formula treats Wind-Summerheat penetrating deeply into the Yin sub-system causing nocturnal onset, where the Blood is affected by pathogens, and the location of the pathogen is particularly deep. Mahuang, Guizhi, Taoren, etc., are Blood-level herbs of the Taiyang (Greater Yang) meridian, not herbs of the Three Yin meridians.