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According to the *Lüeli* (General Principles): General Wan-yang suffered from alternating chills and fever, with slight epistaxis (nosebleed) occurring every three to five days. The pulses at both wrists were deep and choppy, and there was no significant heat upon palpation of the chest, diaphragm, and limbs. This is an internal injury due to Yin-cold. Upon inquiry, it was found that he had caught a wind-cold while sleeping in a corner of the palace during summer heat, and had drunk ice cream water due to thirst. Here, the external contraction is light, while the internal injury is heavy; the disease originates internally and belongs to the Yin category. Therefore, epistaxis appeared first, followed by the manifestation of internal Yin-cold with alternating chills and fever. Such symptoms can also occur with Spleen disorders, but they are not the alternating chills and fever characteristic of the Shaoyang channel. After taking several doses of Tiaozhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), he recovered.

Chen Wuyue stated: The eruption of macules in Shanghan (Cold Damage) generally occurs because purgatives were used when they should not have been, allowing heat to enter the Stomach through deficiency; or because purgatives should have been used but were delayed, preventing the escape of Stomach heat. Both scenarios can cause eruptions. The appearance resembles brocade patterns; red ones are easy to treat, while black ones are difficult, indicating that heat-toxin has penetrated deeply into the Stomach. According to this view, macule eruption primarily concerns the Stomach, arising from errors in using purgatives too early or too late. As for eruptions caused by mistakenly using hot remedies for Yang syndromes, or those caused directly by warm-toxins, one must seek the root cause through pulse diagnosis. Zhang Zhongjing said: If the Cun (inch) pulse is floating and slippery, Cathartic vomitants like Gouti San (Melon Seed Powder) can be used, indicating that heat-toxin is accumulated in the chest and diaphragm, which is different from heat in the Stomach or deficiency-fire. Generally speaking, black color indicates extreme heat hyperactivity causing harm; only through the principle of control/subjugation can it be regulated.

Chen Wuyue stated: Physicians discussing Yinzhen (urticaria/hives) invariably attribute it to wind in the skin. Since it is divided into cold and heat types, these correspond to cold and summer-heat syndromes. There are also cases caused by catching wind-cold after bathing, which implies warmth-pathogens. Thus, all four qi (wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness) are involved. The Classics divide various sores into those that hurt due to excess-heat and those that itch due to deficiency-cold. The Yangming channel governs the muscles and belongs to the Stomach and Large Intestine; there are also distinctions between cold and heat regarding pain and itching, which must be carefully examined. People commonly call white hives "Po-mo" and red hives "Xue-feng," confusing names and meanings. One should clarify them through reasoning and treat them according to the syndrome, addressing both interior and exterior. Strictly speaking, Yinzhen mostly belongs to the Spleen, appearing faintly in the skin, hence the name. When erupting, it often itches or causes numbness, representing differences in accompanying wind and dampness. Red color indicates an accompanying transformation into fire.

Yuanrong Gegen Jupi Tang (Kudzu Root and Tangerina Peel Decoction) treats macules on the muscle layer, initial onset of winter-warmth in the muscles, accompanied by rotting, cough, chest stuffiness, and vomiting only clear fluid.
Ingredients: Gegen (Puerariae Radix), Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Usage: Equal parts, decoct and take in divided doses.
Note: These are herbs for the Foot-Yangming and Foot-Taiyang channels.

Yangdu Shengma Tang (Corydalis Rhizome Decoction for Yang-Toxicity) treats facial macules. In Shanghan, on the first or second day, or after emesis/purgation, transforming into Yang-toxicity, with symptoms of backache, restlessness, flushed face, delirious speech, hallucinations, dysentery, floating-large pulse, and sore throat.
Ingredients: Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 5 qian), Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu - *Note: Modern substitutes like Water Buffalo Horn/Shuiniujia are often used*), Shegan (Belamcandae Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2.5 qian each).
Usage: Coarsely chopped, decoct in water to obtain half a cup, take again after a short while, cover warmly to induce sweating from hands and feet for resolution.

Xuanshen Shengma Tang (Scrophularia and Corydalis Rhizome Decoction) treats body macules. After sweating, purging, or vomiting, if toxin remains unresolved, with exterior deficiency and interior excess manifesting externally, leading to severe irritability and delirium.
Ingredients: Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) in equal parts.
Usage: Coarsely chopped, decoct in water and take.
Note: These are herbs for the Foot-Yangming channel.

Yangdu Zhizi Tang (Gardenia Decoction for Yang-Toxicity) treats Shanghan with high fever, pain in all joints, and eruption.
Ingredients: Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Zhiziren (Gardeniae Fructus), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Usage: Coarse powder, take 5 qian per dose with 5 slices of ginger and 100 grains of Chi Dou (Perillae Fructus prepared with soy sauce/fermented), decoct and take.
Note: These are herbs for the Foot-Yangming and Foot-Shaoyang channels.

Xiaodu Xijiao Yinzi (Detoxifying Rhinoceros Horn Drink) treats macules and urticaria.
Ingredients: Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus, 6 qian), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, 2 qian each), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 qian).
Usage: Coarsely chopped, decoct in water.
Note: These are herbs for the Hand-Taiyin Lung channel.

Jiedu Fangfeng Tang (Detoxifying Saposhnikovia Decoction) treats macules and urticaria with itching and pain.
Ingredients: Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, 1 liang), Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus, 0.5 liang each).
Usage: Coarse powder, take 4-5 qian per dose, decoct in water.
Note: These are herbs for the Hand-Taiyin and Foot-Taiyin channels. For formulas originating from Yang syndromes, select appropriately.

Shengma Gegen Tang (Corydalis and Kudzu Root Decoction): [Text missing specific indication in source, listed as formula name only].

Yindu Shengma Biejia Tang (Corydalis and Turtle Shell Decoction for Yin-Toxicity) treats Yin macules/toxicity.
Ingredients: Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 3 liang), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 liang each), Shujiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, 1 liang), Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum, roasted), Xionghuang (Realgar, 0.5 liang, finely ground).
Usage: Make into powder, take 5 qian per dose, decoct in water.
Note: [Text missing here in source].

Sanjia Jiawei Qianghuo San (Three Causes Modified Notopterygium Powder) treats infection transmitted by pathogens of the four seasons, causing urticaria on the skin, with aversion to cold and high fever.
Ingredients: Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, 1 liang each), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum, Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) (3 qian each)).
Usage: Coarsely chopped and pounded into powder, take 2 large qian per dose with 3 slices of ginger, decoct and take.
Note: These are herbs for the Foot-Taiyang, Hand-Taiyin, and Foot-Shaoyang channels.

Tiaozhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) treats Yin toxicity eruptions caused by internal injury and external contraction.
Ingredients: Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 1.5 qian), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 1 qian), Sharen (Amomi Fructus), Huoxiang (Agastaches Herba), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix, stir-fried), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-roasted), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 1 qian each), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 0.5 qian), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 0.5 qian each).
Usage: Coarsely chopped, decoct in water with 3 slices of ginger.
Note: These are herbs for the Foot-Taiyang, Foot-Taiyin, Hand-Yangming, and Hand-Taiyin channels. For formulas originating from Yin syndromes, select appropriately.