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The "Huangdi Zhenjing" (Yellow Emperor's Classic of Acupuncture), Chapter 3 "On the Origin of All Diseases," states: Accumulations (Ji, masses formed by stagnation) arise from Jue Qi (rebellious or counterflowing Qi) originating in the feet, causing coldness in the shins. Coldness in the shins leads to coagulation and stagnation of the blood vessels; when blood vessels are stagnant, cold pathogenic factors ascend into the stomach and intestines. Once inside the stomach and intestines, they cause distension. Distension forces the fluid foam outside the intestines to gather and prevents it from dispersing, gradually forming an accumulation over time. If one suddenly consumes a large amount of food, the intestines become full. If daily life lacks regulation or if physical exertion is excessive, the collaterals (Luo Mai) are damaged. Damage to Yang collaterals causes blood to overflow outward, resulting in epistaxis (nosebleed); damage to Yin collaterals causes blood to overflow inward, resulting in hematochezia (blood in stool). If the collaterals of the stomach and intestines are damaged, blood spills outside the intestines. If cold pathogens interact with fluid foam and spilled blood, they combine, coagulate, and fail to disperse, thereby forming an accumulation. Alternatively, external invasion by cold combined with internal injury from sorrow and anger causes Qi to rebel upward. Upward rebellion of Qi obstructs the Six Shu points (acupoints on the six Fu organs where Qi and Blood transport), preventing the movement of warming Qi. Coagulated blood remains trapped inside without dispersing, and body fluids become stagnant and viscous, adhering and remaining without being eliminated, thus forming an accumulation.

The "Nan Jing" (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: The accumulation of the Liver is named Fei Qi (Fatty Qi/Mass) (see details below). It occurs on Wu and Ji days during the late summer (the last month of summer). Why is this so? When Lung disease transmits to the Liver, the Liver should transmit it to the Spleen. However, during late summer, the Spleen Earth is prosperous and dominant ("King"), and thus does not accept pathogenic factors. The Liver attempts to return the pathogen to the Lung, but the Lung refuses to accept it. Consequently, the pathogen stays and knots together to form an accumulation. Therefore, it is known that Fei Qi arises on Wu and Ji days in late summer. The accumulation of the Heart is named Fu Liang (Hidden Beam) (...); the accumulation of the Spleen is named Pi Qi (Stagnant Qi/Mass) (...); the accumulation of the Lung is named Xi Ben (Gasp/Retreat) (...); the accumulation of the Kidney is named Ben Tun (Running Piglet) (...) (all mentioned in the text).

According to the commentary by Master Hua (Shou): The intent of Yu Ren (Qin Yueren, i.e., Bian Que) was likely to deduce the logical trends inherent in the Five Elements theory and elaborate them into text. Initially, there is no need to discuss emotional factors, nor whether the transmission is distant or inevitable. Readers should simply observe the principle that "the conquered transmits to the unconquered" and that "when the King [organ] does not accept evil, it remains and knots to form an accumulation." In this way, one will not let the wording obscure the meaning, and half of the understanding will be achieved.

Respectfully noted: Yu Ren’s discussion on the origin and transmission of the five Zang accumulations pertains to disease theory. However, the "Zhen Jing" emphasizes etiology involving collateral damage, dietary injury, and the Seven Emotions, which can be considered detailed. Nevertheless, comparing current clinical realities, accumulations caused by dietary injury and the Seven Emotions are more common. Furthermore, the "San Yin Fang" (Treatise on Three Causes) lacks specific treatments and classical citations for the five accumulations, let alone other texts. Therefore, specific methods are not included here. Instead, formulas from Dong Yuan (Li Gao) are appended below.