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The *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) states: When the pulse is fine and adheres to the bone upon deep palpation, it indicates a *Ji* syndrome (accumulation mass). If the pulse manifests at the *Cunkou* (inch position), the accumulation is in the chest; if it slightly extends beyond the *Cunkou*, the accumulation is in the throat; if it manifests at the *Guan* (bar position), the accumulation is beside the navel; if it slightly exceeds the *Guan* position, the accumulation is below the heart; if it slightly descends from the *Guan* position, the accumulation is in the lower abdomen; if it manifests at the *Chi* (cubit position), the accumulation is at the *Qijie* (gas street/acupoint area). If the pulse appears on the right side, the accumulation is on the right; if on the left, the accumulation is on the left; if appearing on both sides, the accumulation is in the center. One should determine the location of the accumulation according to these respective positions.

If the pulse is small, deep, and solid, there is an accumulation in the stomach, leading to an inability to eat and vomiting immediately after eating. The pulse of lung *Ji* is floating and feathery, scattering upon light pressure; the pulse of heart *Ji* is deep and hollow (*Kou* pulse), with no fixed upper or lower location; the pulse of liver *Ji* is wiry and fine; the pulse of kidney *Ji* is deep and rapid. A pulse that is heavy and scattered in the middle indicates formation due to cold and food stagnation. A pulse turning leftward and heavy indicates Qi stagnation; Yang Qi in the chest; a pulse turning rightward and failing to reach the *Cunkou* indicates the presence of a fleshy mass (*Rou Jia*).

The *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: *Ji* syndromes belong to Yin Qi, while *Ju* syndromes belong to Yang Qi. Therefore, Yin is sunken and latent, while Yang is floating and active. Where Qi accumates, it is called *Ji*; where Qi gathers, it is called *Ju*. Thus, *Ji* syndromes are generated by the five Zang organs, and *Ju* syndromes are formed by the six Fu organs. *Ji* belongs to Yin Qi; its initial onset has a constant location, its pain does not leave its sector, having definite beginnings and endings above and below, and limits on the left and right. *Ju* belongs to Yang Qi; its initial onset has no root, moving up and down without staying or stopping, and its pain has no fixed location, which is why it is called *Ju*. Thus, one distinguishes between *Ji* and *Ju* based on this.

The *Yuan Bing Shi* (Manual of Original Causes of Disease) states: The manifestation involves hardness in the abdomen, yielding to touch. Water is naturally soft and smooth, but now it is hard like earth; this is because when things become excessive, they cause harm, and only through subordination/control is balance restored. *Jia* syndromes are hard in the middle but gather and scatter intermittently without constancy, so the disease does not penetrate deeply. The classic states: Blood fails to flow and stagnates, thus coagulating internally to form *Jia*. Heat transferring from the Small Intestine to the Large Intestine results in *Lv Jia* (worry *Jia*); heat transferring from the Large Intestine to the Small Intestine implies two heats clashing, causing blood to overflow and form *Fu Jia* (hidden *Jia*). Blood becomes涩 (astringent/stagnant) and unsmooth, menstrual flow becomes stagnant and ceases, hence it is called *Lv Jia*. "Lv" and "Fu" are synonymous, resulting from transcription errors.

Respectfully noting: *Ji* is the general term for the actual retention and storage of pathogens. *Jia* is named because it has formed a shape, yet all belong to the category of *Ji*. *Jia* is a blood pathology and seemingly cannot be termed *Ju*. *Ju* belongs to Yang Qi. However, since heat transfer between the large and small intestines forms *Jia*, this too falls under *Ju*. Nevertheless, predecessors in treatment did not see the need to distinguish their differences. Only Master Danxi stated: Accumulations in the center are Phlegm-Fluids; those on the left are Blood Accumulations; those on the right are Food Accumulations. Qi cannot form masses or gatherings; masses are tangible objects, namely Phlegm, Food Stagnation, and Dead Blood. This deeply grasps the essence of pathology. Students may use this as an example to seek further understanding.