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Observation of Smallpox (Wang Dou): Also known as "Reporting Smallpox" (Bao Dou). It is commonly seen that when heat is slight and breath is clear, essence is abundant and spirit is strong, smallpox spots suddenly appear, ranging from one to more than ten. The base and apex are very favorable, and suppuration is sufficient; the world often calls this a superior type of smallpox. However, there are cases where, after scabbing has formed, fever returns causing dense distribution over the whole body. There are also cases where scabs are about to form but then ulcerate deeply into pits, while the rest of the body only just begins to erupt; this indicates toxins hidden internally, which people fail to notice in advance. Fortunately, life is preserved because the eruption occurs spontaneously. Therefore, when encountering very few spots, one must carefully examine the red streaks behind the ears, review the patterns on the whole body, and assess the Qi and Blood of the face. If it is not typical "Reporting Smallpox," having only a few spots can be considered entirely auspicious. If the situation is still unclear, one must pierce the initial spot with a silver needle and seal it with rouge (Yanzhi) so that toxins do not attack inwardly, and subsequent eruptions will also be sparse.

Red Smallpox (Chi Dou): Also known as "Nine Scorched" (Jiu Jiao). The lesions are pointed and round, easy to grow and suppurate, with roots showing severe redness, appearing as if due to Blood Heat. However, the eruption is irregular in timing. By the third day, the fluid reaches the lesions, but they suppurate and recede immediately. Because they inevitably become scorched within nine days, it is named "Nine Scorched." This belongs to the Fu Organ syndrome (Fu Zheng) and is a mild condition.

Water Smallpox (Shui Dou): Its fever, swelling, and suppuration processes, as well as its color and appearance, are identical to normal smallpox. The difference lies in that upon eruption, the apex is white and bright, the root is scattered and large, the fluid is pale white, and there is no central dimple (Dou Yan). This also belongs to the Fu Organ syndrome (Fu Zheng), and there is no need to worry about life or death. However, if the method of releasing the exterior is too excessive, it will later transform into sores that ulcerate for a long time, consuming the person's Yuan Qi (Original Qi).

Stone Smallpox (Shi Dou): This is the first category among standard smallpox. It feels hard like stone upon palpation, is easy to erupt, easy to suppurate, and easy to crust over. The patient laughs and smiles as usual, and eats and drinks normally. Fluid arrives by the third day, recedes by the seventh day, and recovery is achieved by the tenth day.

Wood Smallpox (Mu Dou): Its fever and visible skin patterns all exhibit characteristics of smallpox. However, upon eruption, the number of spots appears inconsistently. By the first or second day, they gradually feel coarse and plump; by the second or third day, they反而 become thin and indistinct. These have shape but no fluid. This also belongs to the Fu Organ syndrome (Fu Zheng), and there is no need for other concerns. However, these five types of smallpox, whenever smallpox epidemics occur, often mix with each other, so careful differentiation is necessary.