申斗垣曰∶身触风寒冷气，以致血涩不行，其疮顽滞不知痛痒，经久不愈。宜
用椒附雄矾腻粉油调敷。（《启玄》）
汪省之曰∶肉刺毛隐隐生人遍身皮肤手足间，如虫钻刺，令人难忍。若一犯房
欲，其毒直刺心胸，宜硼砂散主之。（《理例》）
窦汉卿曰∶鱼脊疮者，乃脏中积冷，肾气虚寒，故虚热得传经络筋骨之间，发动
不知何处。初生如疽疖，破时黄水流注，白泡似鱼脊。若不速治，肉烂脓流，命亦难保。（《经验》）
申斗垣曰∶赤炎疮乃手太阴肺经感受风热，肺主皮毛，其经多气少血，故遍身
红疮点子，又名赤炎风，乃心火盛，血热也。有赤点，或有或无，久而不愈，变为
厉风。（《启玄》）
《直指方》云∶癌疮上高下深，累垂如瞽眼，其中带青，头上各露一舌，毒孔透
里，用生井蛙皮 存性，蜜水调敷良。（详《本草纲目》部。）
冯鲁瞻曰∶瘭疮者，因风热毒瓦斯所乘，搏于皮肤，生瘭HT 而溃成疮，故名之。（《锦囊》）
申斗垣曰∶此乃酷日晒曝，先疼后破而成疮，此辛勤劳作，佣工务农之人多有
之。宜制柏散加青黛治之。（《启玄》）
申斗垣曰∶车旋匠及染匠辛苦人，久弄水浆，不得停息，以致手丫湿烂，名曰水渍疮。（《启玄》）
陈实功曰∶冻疮乃天时严冷，气血冰
凝而成，手足耳边开裂作痛。（《正宗》）
申斗垣曰∶冻疮先痛后肿，遇暖发烧，破流脓血。（《启玄》）
《石室秘录》云∶冻疮乃人不耐寒，而肌肤受冷，骤用火烘，乃成冻疮，至于耳
上冻疮，必是人用手温之，反成此累也。
《正字通》云∶今俗呼足跟冻疮曰灶瘃。
蒋示吉曰∶冻疮乃肌肉寒极，气血不行，所谓死肌患也。初起紫斑，久则变黑，
腐烂作脓，碧玉膏主之，生肌敛口。（《说约》）
澄谓∶热肌经冷风所激，凝滞成片作痒，此是冻风，切勿火烤。亦忌热手摸擦，
越摸越甚，一经紫黑破损，即成冻疮，宜楝树果煎汤洗，极效。
Shen Douyuan stated: When the body is exposed to wind and cold air, blood flow becomes sluggish and stagnant. The resulting sores are stubborn and insensible to pain or itching, failing to heal for a long time. It is appropriate to apply a mixture of Zhaofu Xiongfan Nifen (Pepper, Aconite, Realgar, Alum, and Calomel) blended with oil externally. (From *Qixuan*)
Wang Shengzhi stated: Flesh thorns grow faintly on the skin of the whole body, especially between the hands and feet, feeling like insect bites, which is unbearable. If one indulges in sexual activity, the toxin will strike directly into the heart and chest. Borsha San (Borax Powder) should be used as the primary treatment. (From *Lili*)
Dou Hanqing stated: Yujichuang (Fish-Spine Sore) is caused by accumulated cold in the zang-fu organs and deficiency-cold of kidney qi. Consequently, deficient heat transmits to the meridians, collaterals, muscles, and bones, manifesting without a fixed location of pain. Initially, it resembles a carbuncle or boil; upon rupture, yellow fluid flows out, and white blisters appear resembling fish spines. If not treated promptly, muscle rot and pus discharge may occur, endangering life. (From *Jingyan*)
Shen Douyuan stated: Chiyan Chuang (Red Flame Sore) results from wind-heat invading the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. Since the lung governs the skin and hair, and this meridian is abundant in qi but scarce in blood, red sore spots appear all over the body. Also known as Chiyan Feng (Red Flame Wind), it indicates excessive heart fire and blood heat. Some cases present with red spots, others do not; if chronic, it may transform into Lifeng (Leperous Wind). (From *Qixuan*)
*Zhizhi Fang* records: Aican Sore presents with uneven elevation and depth, hanging down like a blind eye, containing a bluish hue, with tongue-like projections at the top, and toxic pores penetrating inward. Using raw well-water frog skin calcined to retain its properties, mixed with honey water for external application, yields good results. (Detailed in *Bencao Gangmu*)
Feng Luzhan stated: Biaochuang is caused by wind-heat toxins attacking and knotting in the skin, leading to the formation of Biaochuang that ulcerates into sores, hence the name. (From *Jinnang*)
Shen Douyuan stated: This condition arises from severe sun exposure, causing pain followed by rupture into sores. It is common among laborers, servants, and farmers. Zhizai San (Prepared Cypress Powder) added with Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) is suitable for treatment. (From *Qixuan*)
Shen Douyuan stated: Wheel-turning craftsmen and dyers, who work hard and are constantly immersed in water solutions without rest, often suffer from wet rot in their finger webs, named Shuizi Chuang (Water-Soaked Sore). (From *Qixuan*)
Empirical Prescription (From *Qixuan*): Soaking and washing several times with alum water leads to self-healing.
Chen Shigong stated: Dongchuang (Frostbite) is formed by the freezing and coagulation of qi and blood due to severe cold weather, causing cracking and pain in the hands, feet, and ears. (From *Zhengzong*)
Shen Douyuan stated: Frostbite initially causes pain followed by swelling; when warmed, it feels hot/burning, and upon rupture, pus and blood flow out. (From *Qixuan*)
*Shishi Milu* records: Frostbite occurs when individuals intolerant to cold expose their skin to chill and then suddenly apply heat from fire. Regarding frostbite on the ears, it is often caused by warming them with hands, which exacerbates the condition.
*Zhengzitong* records: In modern vernacular, frostbite on the heel is called Zhuozhu.
Jiang Shiji stated: Frostbite is characterized by extreme cold in the muscles and stagnation of qi and blood, referred to as "dead flesh disease." Initially presenting as purple spots, it turns black over time, rots, and suppurates. Biyu Gao (Jade Green Ointment) is the main treatment to promote tissue regeneration and close wounds. (From *Shuoyue*)
Gu Shicheng opined: When warm skin is stimulated by cold wind, stagnation forms patches causing itching; this is "Dongfeng" (Cold Wind). One must strictly avoid fire roasting. Also, avoid rubbing with warm hands, as it worsens the condition. Once turning purple-black and breaking, it becomes true frostbite. Washing with decoction of Lianguo (Toona Sinensis fruit) is highly effective.