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Shen Douyuan stated: Xichuang (pressure ulcer) is formed when individuals who have been bedridden for a long time suffer from friction and abrasion against the bedding. The lesions occur on the dorsal spine and the sacrococcygeal region. One should use the soft parts of *Pilea cantoniensis* (Mapibobo) as padding to prevent further damage and alleviate the patient's groaning day and night. The appearance of Xichuang in a patient is a sign of impending death. (From *Qixuan*)

*Yizong Xinfa* states: Xichuang is a sore that develops after prolonged bed rest following a severe illness; it indicates that the skin and flesh have already necrosed, rendering it incurable.

Empirical Formula: Pad the affected area with *Pilea cantoniensis* (Mapibobo).
Another Formula: Fill a silk bag with wheat bran to make a cushion/pad, and place it under the affected area.
Another Formula: Grind old, rotten grass used for roofing into fine powder and use it as a sleeping pad.

Chen Shigong stated: Xuejian (arterial bleeding from pores resembling an arrow shot) occurs due to excessive fire in the Heart Meridian, forcing blood to exit through the hair follicles. Treatment involves applying Taohua San (Peach Blossom Powder) mixed with cool water externally, or rubbing gold ink onto the area to stop bleeding internally; internally, one should administer herbs to clear the Heart and cool the Blood. (From *Waike Zhengzong*)

Feng Luzhan stated: Bleeding from hair follicles is named Jinü (cutaneous purpura). This is caused by Yang Qi being constrained internally and unable to diffuse outward, leading to Yin Blood ascending to the Yang level and lingering in the interstices (Couli). After a long period, when Yang Qi opens up, the Yin Blood cannot return to its vessels, causing blood to leak from the follicles. It is appropriate to use formulas that resolve stagnation, clear Qi, and cool the Blood. If Minister Fire moves internally and attacks the Yin level, causing boiling Blood, formulas that nourish Yin and descend Fire are appropriate. Predecessors attributed this to Lung Heat, as the Lung governs the skin and hair, using ash from burned male fetal membranes applied topically. There are also cases caused by extreme joy damaging the Heart; since joy scatters Qi, blood overflows to the exterior following Qi. In such cases, clearing the Heart to astringe is appropriate. (From *Jinnang Milu*)

Tian Shi Qi stated: If someone suddenly experiences blood oozing from pores on the feet like a thin thread, continuous flow will lead to death. Urgently boil three sheng of rice vinegar until hot and immerse both feet to stop the bleeding. Subsequently, take one liang of Renshen (Ginseng), three liang of Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), and one slice of Shanjiapia (Pangolin Scale) stir-fried and powdered, mixed with Renshen-Danggui decoction. This prevents recurrence. This condition results from unrestrained indulgence in alcohol and sexual activity; many people suffer from it, but it is not recorded in medical texts. (From *Milu*)

Chen Shigong stated: Xuezhi (blood mole/hemangioma) is caused by the constraint of angry fire in the Liver Meridian. Initially, it appears red like a mole, gradually enlarging to the size of a bean; wiping it causes bleeding. One must use Bingsi San (Ice Snail Powder) to cauterize and remove the original mole, then apply Zhenzhu San (Pearl Powder) to remove the regenerated skin; internally, administer formulas that resolve stagnation and soothe the Liver. If bleeding does not stop and is severe, Liangxue Dihuang Tang (Cooling Blood and Rehmannia Decoction) is the primary treatment. (From *Waike Zhengzong*)