今人有疮疡,不审元气虚实,病之表里,病者多喜内消,而医者即用十宣散及
败毒饮、流气饮之类。殊不知十宣散虽有参 ,然防风、白芷、浓朴、桔梗皆足以
耗气,况不分经络时令,气血多少,而概用之乎?败毒散乃发表之药,果有表证,亦
止宜一二服,多则元气反损,其毒愈盛,虽有人参,莫能补也。况非表证而用之乎?流
气饮乃耗血之剂,果气结膈满,亦止宜二三服,多则血气愈伤,夫血气凝滞,多由
营卫气弱,不能营运,岂可复用流气饮以益其虚,况诸经气血多寡不同,而流气饮
通行十二经,则诸经皆为所损,反为败证,虽有 归,亦难倚仗,若服之过度,则气
虚血耗,何以成脓,苟不察其由,而泛投克伐之剂,能无危乎!此三方者,其不可
轻用亦明矣。
河间云∶凡疮止于一经,或兼二经者,止当求责其经,不可干扰余经也。
夫疮疡之证,当察经之传受,病之表里,人之虚实,而攻补之。假如肿痛热渴,
大便秘结者,邪在内也,疏通之。肿 作痛,寒热头痛者,邪在表也,发散之。
肿痛甚者,邪在经络也,和解之。微肿微痛,而不作脓者,气血虚也,补托之。漫
肿不痛,或不作脓,或脓成不溃者,气血虚甚也,峻补之。色黯而微肿痛,或脓成
不出,或腐肉不溃者,阳气虚寒也,温补之。若泥其未溃,而概用败毒,复损脾胃,
不惟肿者不能成脓,而溃者亦难收敛,七恶之证蜂起,多致不救。丹溪云∶肿疡内
外皆壅,宜以托里表散为主。如欲用大黄,宁无孟浪之非,溃疡内外皆虚,宜以托里
补接为主。如欲用香散,未免虚虚之失,治者审之。
Nowadays, people suffering from sores and ulcers (Chuangyang) do not examine the deficiency or excess of Yuan Qi (Primordial Qi) or whether the pathogen is in the exterior or interior. Patients often prefer internal resolution therapies, and physicians immediately prescribe formulas such as Shixuan San (Ten Acupoints Powder), Baidu Yin (Poison-Resolving Decoction), and Liuqi Yin (Qi-Flowing Decoction). Little do they know that although Shixuan San contains Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), and Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) are all capable of depleting Qi. Moreover, how can one indiscriminately apply these without considering the meridians involved, seasonal timing, and the relative abundance or scarcity of Qi and Blood? Baidu San (Poison-Resolving Powder) is a formula for releasing the exterior. Even if there is indeed an exterior syndrome, it should only be taken for one or two doses; taking more will damage Yuan Qi, causing the toxin to become more intense, rendering the presence of Renshen ineffective for tonification. How much worse is it to use it when there is no exterior syndrome? Liuqi Yin is a formula that depletes Blood and Qi. Even if there is truly Qi stagnation with chest fullness, it should only be taken for two or three doses; taking more will further injure Qi and Blood. Qi and Blood stagnation often results from weak Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi failing to circulate properly. How can one use Liuqi Yin to exacerbate this deficiency? Furthermore, since the amount of Qi and Blood varies among different meridians, and Liuqi Yin circulates through all twelve meridians, it will damage all meridians, leading to a deteriorating condition (Bai Zheng). Even with Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), reliance on it is difficult. If taken excessively, it leads to Qi deficiency and Blood depletion, making pus formation impossible. If the cause is not investigated and attacking/depleting agents are administered indiscriminately, can one avoid danger? Thus, it is clear that these three formulas should not be used lightly.
Hejian (Liu Wansu) stated: "Whenever a sore involves only one meridian, or two meridians, one should seek the pathology within those specific meridians and not interfere with the others."
In cases of sores and ulcers, one must observe the transmission along meridians, the location of the pathogen (exterior/interior), and the patient's constitution (deficiency/excess) to determine whether to attack or tonify. For example, if there is swelling, pain, heat, thirst, and constipation, the pathogen is in the interior; one should unblock and drain it. If there is swelling, pain, aversion to cold, fever, and headache, the pathogen is in the exterior; one should disperse and release it. If swelling and pain are severe, the pathogen is in the meridians; one should harmonize it. If there is slight swelling and pain without pus formation, it indicates Qi and Blood deficiency; one should tonify and support. If there is diffuse swelling without pain, or failure to form pus, or pus formed but not ulcerated, it indicates severe Qi and Blood deficiency; one should strongly tonify. If the color is dark with slight swelling and pain, or pus formed but not discharged, or necrotic flesh not sloughing off, it indicates Yang Qi deficiency and cold; one should warm and tonify. If one rigidly adheres to the idea that the sore has not yet ulcerated and indiscriminately uses poison-resolving drugs, it will further damage the Spleen and Stomach. Not only will the swollen area fail to form pus, but the ulcerated area will also struggle to heal. The seven adverse syndromes (Qi E) will arise simultaneously, often leading to untreatable conditions. Danxi (Zhu Zhenheng) said: "For a tumor/sore (Zhongyang) where both interior and exterior are obstructed, the primary treatment should be supporting the interior and releasing the exterior. To use Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) would likely be rash. For an ulcer (Kuyang) where both interior and exterior are deficient, the primary treatment should be supporting and connecting the interior. To use aromatic/dispersing herbs would inevitably commit the error of 'making the deficient even more deficient.' Physicians must exercise caution."