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Falls, traumatic injuries, as well as human bites and tetanus (Tetanus), are all compiled in this section for easy reference and treatment.

Chen Yuan Gong stated: In cases of fractures caused by falls or trauma, fir wood or fir boards must be used to align the fractured bones correctly, which should then be bound firmly with rope to prevent deviation or curvature, followed by bandaging with cloth. One must not soften due to the patient's pain and loosen the fixation, as this would cause further harm. Subsequently, internal medicines should be administered; if the skin is broken and bleeding occurs, external treatments are necessary. However, if it is merely a fracture without external skin injury, external medication is not strictly required, yet combining internal and external treatments is undoubtedly superior. The primary principle of internal treatment should be to invigorate blood and dispel stasis; if blood circulation is not restored, stasis will not dissipate, and if stasis does not dissipate, bone healing cannot occur. Xu Gu Shen Dan (Divine Elixir for Bone Continuation): Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) 2 liang, Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) 5 qian, Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Bai Bie Jia Mo (Testudinis Carapacis et Plastratis Pulvis), Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) each 1 liang, Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) 3 qian, Tao Ren (Persicae Semen) 30 pieces, Xu Duan (Dipsaci Radix), Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Ru Xiang Mo (Olibanum Pulvis), Mo Yao Mo (Myrrhae Pulvis), Hong Hua (Carthami Flos) each 2 qian, Yang Zhi Zhu (Daphnes Genkwa Flower) 1 qian. Decoct in water and take orally. After one dose, stasis is removed and new blood generated, allowing bones to knit; remove Da Huang thereafter, continue taking for four doses for complete recovery. For external application, it is excellent to sprinkle powder onto plasters and apply to the wound. Quan Ti Shen Gao (Divine Ointment for the Whole Body): Dang Gui, Sheng Di Huang, Hong Hua each 2 liang, Niu Xi, Xu Duan, Liu Ji Nu (Siphonostegiae Herba), Di Yu (Sanguisorbae Radix), Qian Cao (Rubiae Cordifoliae Radix), Mu Gua (Chaenomelis Fructus), Xiao Ji (Cirsii Herba), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) each 1 liang, Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 5 qian, Sang Mu Zhi (Mori Ramulus) 4 liang, Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Zao Jiao (Gleditsiae Fructus), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Herba) each 3 qian. Boil 3 jin of Ma You (Sesami Oleum) for several boils, filter through hemp cloth to remove dregs, and boil again until it forms beads when dropped into water. Add 1 jin 4 liang of Huang Dan (Lithargyrum) that has been washed in water, and collect into an ointment; do not overcook. Then, use Zi Ran Tong (Pyritum) soaked in vinegar and calcined seven times, Hai Piao Xiao (Sepiae Endoconcha), Ru Xiang, Hua Rui Shi (Porphyrostictis Lapis) each 3 qian, Mo Yao 2 qian, Qi Lin Xie (Drachmae Sanguis) 5 qian, Bai La (Cera Flava) 1 liang, grind into fine powder. While the ointment is still warm, add the powder, stir evenly with a mulberry stick, and store in a ceramic vessel. When needed, heat and spread thinly; each sheet weighs about 1 liang. Before spreading, add Sheng Jin Dan (Golden Victory Powder): She Xiang (Moschus), Hua Rui Shi, Xiang Pi (Elephantis Cutis) each 3 qian, Xue Jie (Drachmae Sanguis) 3 liang, Ru Xiang, Hai Piao Xiao, Mo Yao, Zhang Nao (Camphora), Ren Shen, Mu Er Hui (Ash of Auricularia Auricula-Judae), San Qi Root (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Er Cha (Catechu) each 1 liang, Gu Duan Shi (Ferri Limonitas), Zi Shi Ying (Fluoritum) each 2 liang, Zi Ran Tong, Bing Pian (Borneolum Syntheticum), Gan Di Shi (Aspidistrae Rhizoma Dryus), Gan Da Fen (Human Excrement Dryus), Hu Po (Electrum) each 1 qian, Sheng Gan Cao 5 qian, Tu Gou (Mole) 10, grind finely and mix uniformly, store tightly in a porcelain bottle. Use 3 qian of this powder sprinkled on each plaster sheet for application. Generally, two sheets are not needed for bone setting; only use two for severe cases. This is an extraordinarily effective prescription. If bones are not damaged, simply applying plasters is sufficient, without needing Sheng Jin Dan. These three prescriptions for internal and external treatment possess indescribable efficacy; treating both internally and externally yields results within days. With these three prescriptions, no fracture is incurable. (From *Bing Jian*)

*Dan Xin* stated: For wounds caused by metal weapons and fractures, cold water must not be consumed. Blood congeals upon contact with cold; if it enters the heart, death ensues.

Jiang Shi Ji stated: For traumatic injuries where tendons are severed and bleeding persists, Du Sheng San (Sole Victory Powder) is the primary treatment. (From *Shuo Yue*)

Feng Lu Zhan stated: If a pregnant woman suffers from falls or trauma, the primary treatment should be to eliminate stagnant blood and promote new blood generation; Fo Shou San (Buddha's Hand Powder) is most effective. If abdominal pain occurs, add Yi Mu Cao (Leonuri Herba) for administration; if pain ceases, both mother and child are safe. If the fetus is already damaged, the debris will be expelled together; add Tong Bian (Infant Urine) processed Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Yi Mu Cao, and Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), decoct into a thick juice for drinking. If falling from a height causes abdominal pain, bleeding, and restlessness, add Sheng Di Huang and Huang Qin to tonify and stabilize. If abdominal pain and bleeding result from falls, add Ren Shen, Bai Zhu, Chen Pi, Bai Fu Ling (Poria), Zhi Gan Cao (Honey-fried Licorice), and Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus) powder to protect the pregnancy. If abortion occurs with excessive bleeding, leading to faintness and impending collapse with a large but weak pulse, administer strong Du Shen Tang (Single Ginseng Decoction) mixed with infant urine. Spontaneous abortion originates from severe deficiency of qi and blood; now, post-partum, the deficiency is exacerbated, so regulation and tonification are even more critical than after normal delivery.

*Sù Wèn* states: When someone falls from a height, evil blood remains inside, causing abdominal fullness and distension, and inability to pass stool or urine. First, administer purgative drugs. This indicates injury to the Jueyin meridian above and the Shaoyin collaterals below. Acupuncture at the vessels anterior to Ran Gu (BL64) below the medial malleolus, and the artery on the dorsum of the foot. If ineffective, prick the hair tufts on the toes until bleeding occurs. Treat left side by needling right, and right side by needling left. For symptoms of sadness, fear, and unhappiness, follow the same acupuncture method. (From *Miao Ci Lun*)

*Ling Shu* states: Falling from a height leaves evil blood inside; combined with extreme anger, qi rises but fails to circulate, accumulating under the hypochondrium and injuring the Liver. Additionally, wind-stroke accompanied by blows or falls, or intercourse while drunk with sweat exposed to wind, injures the Spleen. Regarding headache, head points should not be selected if there has been a blow or fall with internal evil blood; if muscle pain persists, lateral needling is permissible, but distant points should not be taken. (From *Xie Qi Zang Fu Bing Xing* and *Jue Yin Pian*)

*Ling Shu* states: Injury to the body with excessive bleeding, followed by contraction of wind-cold, or falling from a height resulting in flaccid limbs unable to hold themselves, is termed "Ti Duo" (Body Lethargy). Treat by selecting San Jie Jiao (Three Intersections) below the umbilicus, belonging to the Yangming and Taiyin meridians. Three cun below the umbilicus is Guan Yuan (CV4). (San Jie Jiao refers to Guan Yuan. From *Han Re Pian*)

*Nei Jing* states: A liver pulse that is firm and long, without greenish discoloration of the face, indicates injury from falling. If the pulsation is due to blood trapped under the hypochondrium, it causes vomiting and regurgitation.

*Jin Gui* states: A cunkou pulse that is floating, minute, and choppy indicates loss of blood or sweating. If there is no sweating, but there are wounds from knives or axes, it is due to blood loss.

*Mai Jing* states: Falling from a height with internal blood stasis and abdominal fullness; a firm and strong pulse indicates survival, while a small and weak pulse indicates death.

Li Dong Yuan stated: Falling from a height leaves evil blood inside. Physicians often ignore the twelve meridians and treat it as wind-stroke, assuming liver meridian stasis under the hypochondrium. Since blood is generated by the Liver, evil blood inevitably returns to the Liver, regardless of which meridian was injured, it stays under the hypochondrium because the Liver governs blood. Severe pain leads to spontaneous sweating. Since sweating is associated with wind, and all winds belong to Liver Wood, especially when congealed bad blood enters the Liver against its nature. Falling from a height reverses the upward flow of qi and blood, which belongs to the Liver. Unless it is wind-stroke without sweating, the presence of sweating implies transformation by wind. Therefore, treat with blood-breaking and meridian-unblocking herbs. Cold-natured formulas should not be used lightly. (From *Yi Xue Fa Ming Lun*)

Liu Zong Nong stated: Traumatic injuries from blows or metal weapons are external injuries not caused by internal qi movement, but by physical objects damaging flesh, blood, tendons, and bones, unlike diseases from six excesses or seven emotions which have distinctions between qi and blood levels. Thus, trauma is primarily discussed in terms of blood, distinguishing between blood stasis retention and excessive blood loss. Falls and bumps without skin breakage necessarily involve internal damage and blood stasis. Metal weapon wounds breaking skin and bleeding may cause excessive blood loss. These two conditions require different treatments: stasis requires purging and draining, while blood loss requires tonification alongside regulation. One must also consider the location (upper/lower), severity, depth, and differences in meridian qi-blood abundance. First, eliminate stasis, unblock meridians, harmonize blood, and stop pain; then regulate qi, nourish blood, and tonify stomach qi. This approach is invariably effective.

*Mai Jing* states: For knife wounds or falls, if the pulse does not correspond to the condition, death ensues.

Director Dai stated: Falling unconscious is called "Dian"; striking with hands is called "Pu". Both cause similar damage.

He further stated: The general principle divides deficiency and excess based on blood stasis or loss, applying tonification or purgation accordingly. However, one must assess the severity of injury. Mild injuries disrupt qi and blood, causing stagnation and pain; treat by guiding qi and moving blood. Severe injuries damage tendons and fracture bones; treat by continuing tendons and knitting bones, requiring three to four months of treatment for recovery. More severe cases involve internal stagnation of qi and blood, blocking true qi, leading to death; urgently drain blood and unblock stagnation, and there may be a chance of cure.

*Shang Sun Lun* stated: Trauma requires identifying the source, assessing disease severity, and examining injury depth. From head to toe, cuts, beats, falls, and blade wounds all occur. Each type has specific treatments. Some require releasing the exterior and interior before administering trauma medicine; physicians must follow these principles. Medicine relies on intuition; without it, one is not a good physician. Ignorant people fail to observe severity or depth, administering trauma medicine before regulating exterior-interior dynamics, causing much error. This can lead to phlegm attacking upwards or closure of zang-fu organs. A slight error leads to great deviation. As the saying goes, "If a doctor does not practice for three generations, do not take his medicine," this is true. Brain bone injuries must be protected from wind and water to prevent tetanus. Crushed brain bone injuries on hard surfaces are treatable; injuries to the Taiyang area are untreatable. Hairline injuries require shaving hair; if skin is intact and not hardened, apply medicine. Injuries to the brain, shoulders, occiput, or eyebrows are treatable. Eye injuries to the pupil are treatable if not shattered. Crown injuries are difficult to treat. Depressed nasal injuries are treatable despite bleeding. Broken or loose teeth can be treated by rubbing with powdered charred Tribulus root. Severe thyroid cartilage injury with soft throat rupture is untreatable; if soup can enter the stomach, it is treatable; if vomited out, untreatable. Unilateral limb fractures are treatable; bilateral limb fractures are untreatable. Abdominal injuries with eviscerated intestines are treatable unless the intestine is completely severed. If intestines protrude, have the patient rest their hand on the doctor's shoulder, guide the intestines back using sesame oil to lubricate the wound, induce sneezing with Tong Guan San (Pass the Gate Powder) blown into the nose to help retraction, suture skin and flesh with mulberry bark thread, apply sealing medicine, and cover with Bu Ji San (Muscle-Replenishing Powder) mixed with egg white. If there is a small hole in the intestine, shine a lamp; if gas shoots toward the light, it is untreatable. Ru Xiang and Mo Yao are essential in trauma formulas for their ability to disperse blood and stop pain. Zi Ran Tong should not be used initially; it is suitable for fractures but not for non-fractured injuries. New fire-calcined Zi Ran Tong carries fire and metal toxins that interact with aromatic-hot herbs, causing dryness and dispersion worse than swords; caution is advised. Trauma treatment excels in tonifying qi and blood; ignorant doctors seeking quick results overuse Zi Ran Tong, leading to chronic ailments. Initial trauma treatment uses Su Mu (Sappanwood) to invigorate blood, Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) to clear fire, Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) to harmonize the middle, decocted with infant urine. Lower injuries allow purging stasis but require prior support; upper injuries benefit from leek juice or porridge. Never drink cold water, as blood congeals in cold; even a drop entering the heart causes death.

Ten Untreatable Conditions: Head trauma with lung injury, even if not immediately fatal, is unlikely to survive fourteen days (First); penetrating injury to the left hypochondrium (Second); intestinal injury half-severed is treatable, fully severed is untreatable (Third); penetrating injury to the lower abdomen (Fourth); complex syndrome patterns (Fifth); pulse is empty and heavy (Sixth); elderly person with crushed left femur (Seventh); genital injury (Eighth); complete blood loss (Ninth); penetrating injury to the inner shoulder or behind the ear (Tenth). Do not use medicine for these. (From *De Xiao*)

Feng Lu Zhan stated: Falls and traumas, though externally caused, inevitably lead to internal injury, causing qi-blood stagnation, redness, swelling, or bruising, with unbearable pain. Initially, use sweet, acrid, warm dispersants to move qi and break stasis, so pain subsides and swelling resolves. Examples include Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Jing Jie, Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Chuan Xiong, Dang Gui, Mo Yao, ancient coins, Lu Jiao Hui (Cervi Cornus Degelatinati Colla), Su Mu, Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Hong Hua. Decoct in water and wine, adding infant urine is excellent. Once external trauma heals, continue with tonics for qi, blood, tendons, and bones. (From *Jin Nang*)

He further stated: Limbs rely entirely on qi and blood; trauma requires supplementation. Upper body injuries first resolve stasis; lower body injuries first require tonification. Assess stomach qi. If blood loss is excessive with a faint, near-collapse pulse, Du Shen Tang with infant urine is urgent to restore yuan qi. In cases of cold limbs and faint pulse, large doses of Ren Shen, Bai Zhu, and Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) are needed to rescue, similar to postpartum conditions. A harmonious pulse indicates survival; rapid, hollow pulse indicates death. Pulse should be deficient and fine, not rapid and excess. Remember to avoid wind.

Chen Shi Gong stated: Falls are divided into broken and unbroken skin, and into blood loss and blood stasis. Falling from a height without skin damage necessarily causes stasis to flow into zang-fu organs, leading to coma and difficulty in urination and defecation. Treat with Da Cheng Tang (Great Success Decoction) to unblock bowels and bladder; the patient will awaken. If unresponsive, use Du Shen Tang for rescue. (From *Zheng Zong*)

While medication principles for trauma must be accurate, manual reduction techniques must not be rash. Below is a list of the 365 bone joints of the human body, described using 165 characters:
Starting from above the clavicle as the head, extending left, right, front, and back to the Yuan Gu (Hyoid/Neck bone area), 49 characters describe 72 bones.
The top of the head is the Du Lu Gu (Skull Cap) - 1 piece. (Has structure, slight marrow and fluid.)
Below the skull is the Lou Gu (Cranial Vault) - 1 piece. (Has structure, slight marrow.) Anterior to the Lou is the Ding Wei Gu (Vertex Bone) - 1 piece. (Slight marrow, absent in women.) Posterior to the Lou is the Nao Gu (Brain Bone/Occipital) - 1 piece. (Has structure, slight marrow.) Left of the brain is the Zhen Gu (Occipital Condyle) - 1 piece. (Has structure, no fluid.) Attached below the Zhen is the Tian Gai Gu (Sky Cover Bone/Base of Skull) - 1 piece. (Base for lung connections.) Behind the Tian Gai is the Tian Zhu Gu (Sky Pillar/Cervical Vertebrae) - 1 piece. (Connects to spinal marrow.) Anterior to the cover is the Yan Gu (Speech Bone/Hyoid) - 1 piece. (Connects to skull above, has structure, no marrow.) Below the Yan are the She Ben Gu (Tongue Root Bones) - 2 pieces (left/right). (Hot, no marrow.) Anterior to the Lou is the Xin Gu (Fontanelle Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Below the Xin is the Fu Wei Gu (Hidden委 Bone) - 1 piece. (Commonly misnamed Fu Xi Gu. No structure, no marrow.) Below Fu Wei is the Jun Gu (Elegant Bone/Frontal Eminence) - 1 piece. (Attached to brow area. No structure, no marrow.) Above the left brow is the Tian Xian Gu (Heavenly Sage Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Above the right brow is the Tian Gui Gu (Heavenly Noble Bone) - 1 piece. (Above eyes. No structure, no marrow.) Above the left eye is the Zhi Gong Gu (Wisdom Palace Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Above the right eye is the Ming Men Gu (Gate of Life Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow. Between eyes below is the nose.) Anterior to the nose is the Liang Gu (Bridge Bone/Nasal Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Left of the Liang is the Quan Gu (Cheekbone/Zygomatic) - 1 piece. (Has structure, no marrow.) Right of the Liang is the [Missing Character] Gu - 1 piece. (Has structure, no marrow.) At the end of the Liang is the Song Zhu Gu (Pillar Bone/Nasion) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.)
Left ear is the Si Zheng Gu (Guarding Justice Bone/Mastoid) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Right ear is the Na Xie Gu (Receiving Evil Bone/Mastoid) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Behind Si and Na are the Wan Gu (Complete Bones/Mastoids) - 2 pieces total. (No structure, no marrow.) Attached internally above Si/Na is the Ti Gu (Sneeze Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, little saliva.) Above Ti are the Tong Gu (Connecting Bones) - 4 pieces total (left/right/front/back). (Has structure, little fluid.) Above Tong is the HT Gu - 1 piece. (No structure, much fluid; HT connects to mandible.) Left mandible is the Cheng Gu (Mount Bone) - 1 piece. (Has structure, much fluid.) Right mandible is the Che Gu (Cart Bone/Jaw) - 1 piece. (Has structure, much fluid.) Behind Cheng/Che are the Yuan Gu (Axle Bones/Hyoid/Thyroid area) - 2 pieces total. (Has structure, has fluid.) Teeth emerge above/below Cheng/Che, 36 in total. (No structure, no marrow. Fewer in some individuals.)
Next, below the clavicle to the Dan Zhong (Chest Center) extending left/right/front/back, 40 characters describe 97 bones.
Below the Yuan Gu are the Ling Gu (Clavicles) - 2 pieces. (Much fluid.) In the center of the lock is the Hui Yan Gu (Epiglottis Bone) - 1 piece. (No structure, no marrow.) Below the Ling are the Yan Gu (Pharynx Bones) - 3 pieces total (left/center/right). (No marrow.) Below the Yan are the Hou Gu (Larynx Bones) - 3 pieces total. (No marrow.) Below the Hou are the Long Gu (Throat Bones) - 10 pieces total in a ring. (No marrow.) Inside below the Long are the Fei Xi Gu (Lung Connection Bones) - 12 pieces total. (No structure, no marrow.) Behind the Fei Xi is the Gu Gu (Valley Bone/Trachea?) - 1 piece. (No marrow.) Below Gu are the KT Dao Gu (KT Passage Bones/Bronchi?) - 2 pieces total. (No marrow.) Outside Long below are the Shun Gu (Smooth Bones/Ribs?) - 8 pieces. (Little fluid.) Ends of Shun are the Shun Yin Gu (Smooth Hidden Bones/Costal Cartilages?) - 8 pieces. (Little fluid.) Left below Shun is the Dong Gu (Hole Bone/Sternum Angle?) - 1 piece. (Absent in women.) Right below Shun is the Peng Gu (Canopy Bone/Sternum Body?) - 1 piece. (Absent in women.) Center below Dong/Peng is the KT Gu (KT Bone/Xiphoid) - 1 piece. (No marrow. Commonly called Jiu Wei.) Directly below KT is the Tian Shu Gu (Heavenly Pivot Bone/Sternal Angle?) - 1 piece. (No marrow.) Left/right below the lock are the Que Pen Gu (Empty Basin Bones/Clavicular Notches) - 2 pieces. (Has structure, much fluid.) Anterior to left Que Pen is the Xia Yan Gu (Lower Epiglottis Bone) - 1 piece. (No marrow.) Below anterior right Que Pen is the Fen Gu (Split Bone) - 1 piece. (No marrow.) Behind Yan attached below is the Cang Gu (Granary Bone/Sternum Manubrium?) - 1 piece. (No marrow.) Below Cang are the [Missing Character] Gu - 8 pieces total (left/right). (Has structure, no fluid.) Left below [Missing] is the Xiong Gu (Chest Bone/Sternum) - 1 piece. (Men with large bones are brave.)
Right below [Missing] is the Dang Gu (Swinging Bone/Costal Margin?) - 1 piece. (Women with large bones are masculine.) Below chest is the Wu Gu (Black Bone/Xiphoid Process?) - 1 piece. (Men with full bones go bald early.) Below Dang is the Yi Gu (Breastbone/Lower Sternum) - 1 piece. (High bones often indicate delusion.) Behind the lock center are the Ji Yu Gu (Spinal Marrow Bones/Thoracic Vertebrae) - 22 pieces total. (Connects to Tian Zhu, has marrow.) Below Ji Yu is the Da Dong Gu (Great Moving Bone/Lumbar Vertebra?) - 1 piece. (Connects to Tian Zhu, total 24 vertebrae.) End of Da Dong is the Gui Xia Gu (Return Below Bone/Sacrum/Coccyx?) - 1 piece. (Daoists call it Wei Lu.) Behind Gui Xia is the Cuan Gu (Cut Bone/Coccyx Tip?) - 1 piece. (Limits essence/fluid.) Anterior to Gui Xia is the [Missing Character] Gu - 1 piece. (Thin here indicates poverty.)
Next, below Que Pen to the Chen Gu (Padding Bone) on left/right, 25 characters describe 60 bones. (This section covers only the arms down to the fingertips.)
Behind supporting Que Pen are the Yu Jia Gu (Hunchback Armor Bones/Scapulae) - 2 pieces total. (Has structure, much fluid.) Ends of Yu Jia are the Jia Yin Gu (Armor Hidden Bones/Acromion?) - 2 pieces total. (Long bones indicate wisdom.) Anterior supporting Que Pen are the Fei Dong Gu (Flying Moving Bones/Collarbone ends?) - 2 pieces total. (Thin bones indicate paralysis/weakness.) Left of Fei Dong is the Long [Missing] Gu (Dragon [Missing] Bone/Humerus?) - 1 piece. (Has structure, no marrow/fluid.) Right of Fei Dong is the Hu Chong Gu (Tiger Rushing Bone/Humerus?) - 1 piece. (Has structure, no marrow/fluid.) Below Long is the Long Ben Gu (Dragon Root Bone/Humerus Shaft?) - 1 piece. (Has structure, has marrow.) Below Hu Chong is the Hu Duan Gu (Tiger End Bone/Ulna/Radius?) - 1 piece. (Has structure, has marrow.) Below Ben/Duan is the wrist. Inner above Long Ben is the Jin Xian Gu (Advancing Sage Bone/Radius?) - 1 piece. (Men with prominent bones become famous ministers.) Inner above Hu Duan is the Ji Jue Gu (Attaining Rank Bone/Ulna?) - 1 piece. (Women with high bones become noble ladies.) Anterior to wrist are the Shang Li Gu (Upper Strength Bones/Carpals) - 8 pieces total. (Has structure, much fluid.) Next Shang Li are the Zhu Gu (Stationary Bones/Metacarpals?) - 10 pieces total. (Has structure, much fluid.) Next Zhu are the Nuo Gu (Grasping Bones/Proximal Phalanges?) - 10 pieces total. (Has structure, much fluid.) Next Nuo are the Zhu Shi Gu (Supporting Power Bones/Middle Distal Phalanges?) - 10 pieces total. (Right outer is nail, left outer is claw.) Below nails/claws are the Chen Gu (Padding Bones) - 10 pieces total (left/right). (No structure, no fluid.)