味甘平。主目痛，明目，养肝之功。折跌痈肿，金疮不瘳。收涩敛肌之功。破积聚，
消肝邪也。解毒瓦斯，利精神。久服，轻身不老。精气所结之物，故能除毒，益精，增年也。
《内经》云∶五脏六腑之精，皆上注于目。故目虽属肝之窍，而白乃肺之精也。五行之
中，
火能舒光照物，而不能鉴物，惟金之明，乃能鉴物。石体属金，故石药皆能明目。而扁青生
于山之有金处，盖金气精华之所结也，又色青属肝，于目疾尤宜。凡草木中，得秋金之气者
亦然。凡物精华所结者，皆得天地清粹之气以成，而秽浊不正之气不得干之，故皆有解毒之
功。其非精华所结，而亦能解毒者，则必物性之相制，或以毒攻毒也。
味辛温。主风寒，辛能散风，温能驱寒。湿痹，芳燥能除湿。咳逆上气。开窍下逆。
开心孔，香入心。补五脏，气通和，则补益。通九窍，明耳目，出音声。芳香清烈、故走达
诸窍而和通之，耳目喉咙皆窍也。久服轻身，气不阻滞则身体通利。不忘，不迷惑，延年。
气通则津液得布，故不但能开窍顺气，且能益精养神也。
菖蒲能于水石中横行四达，辛烈芳香，则其气之盛可知，故入于人身，亦能不为湿滞痰
涎所阻。凡物之生于天地间，气性何如，则入于人身，其奏效亦如之。盖人者得天地之和气
以生，其气血之性，肖乎天地，故以物性之偏者投之，而亦无不应也。余可类推。
Taste is sweet, nature is neutral. It primarily treats eye pain and improves vision, possessing the efficacy of nourishing the Liver (Gan). It addresses fractures, dislocations, carbuncles, and sores that fail to heal due to metal wounds, demonstrating astringent and muscle-restraining properties. It breaks up accumulations and eliminates pathogenic factors of the Liver. It detoxifies noxious influences and benefits mental clarity. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging. As it is a substance formed by the condensation of essence and qi, it can eliminate toxins, benefit essence, and prolong life. The *Neijing* states: "The essence of the five zang organs and six fu organs all flows upward into the eyes." Therefore, although the eyes are considered the orifice of the Liver, the whites of the eyes belong to the essence of the Lung (Fei). Among the Five Elements (Wu Xing), Fire can spread light to illuminate objects but cannot reflect them like a mirror; only the brightness of Metal (Jin) can clearly reflect objects. Stones have a metallic nature, therefore mineral drugs can improve vision. Bianqing grows in mountains where metal ores exist, likely being the condensation of the essence of Metal qi. Furthermore, its green color corresponds to the Liver, making it particularly suitable for eye diseases. This principle also applies to herbs and trees that acquire the qi of Autumn Metal. All substances formed by the condensation of essence obtain the pure and refined qi of Heaven and Earth to form, and turbid, impure qi cannot interfere with them; thus, they all possess detoxifying properties. Those that are not formed by essence condensation yet can detoxify must do so through mutual restriction of drug properties or the principle of treating poison with poison.
Taste is pungent, nature is warm. It primarily treats Wind-Cold; pungency can disperse Wind, and warmth can drive out Cold. It treats dampness-bi (Dampness Bi syndrome), where aromatic dryness can dispel dampness. It treats cough and rebellious qi, opening orifices and directing rebellious qi downward. It opens the heart orifices because fragrance enters the Heart (Xin). It tonifies the five zang organs; when qi is smooth and harmonious, tonification occurs. It unblocks the nine orifices, brightens the ears and eyes, and clarifies voice. Because the aroma is clear, intense, and penetrating, it reaches various orifices and harmonizes them; the ears, eyes, and throat are all orifices. Long-term consumption lightens the body because unobstructed qi ensures physical freedom and flow. It prevents forgetfulness and confusion, and prolongs life. When qi flows smoothly, body fluids are distributed; thus, it not only opens orifices and regulates qi but also benefits essence and nourishes spirit. Changpu (Acorus tatarinowii) can grow horizontally and reach everywhere among water and stones; its pungent, intense, and aromatic nature indicates vigorous qi. Therefore, upon entering the human body, it is not obstructed by damp stagnation or phlegm-saliva. All things born between Heaven and Earth yield effects in the human body corresponding to their inherent nature. Humans are born from the harmonious qi of Heaven and Earth, and the nature of their blood and qi resembles that of Heaven and Earth. Thus, using drugs with biased properties to treat the body yields appropriate results. The rest can be inferred by analogy.