味苦温。主心痛。寒热结气。积聚伏梁。伤筋痿拘缓。利水道。生山谷。（今名天南
星）
布地荑科。萌生毒卉。翘企蛇头。细抽鼠尾。圆掌威伸。繁星光炜。由跋根新。体孱才菲。
谢灵运赋。散叶荑科。国语。逆节萌生。柳宗元记。嘉葩毒卉。苏颂曰。初生作穗直上如鼠
尾。花似蛇头。结子自落布地。一子生一窠。苏恭曰。根似扁柿。四畔有圆牙。看如虎掌。
傅
咸表。威风得伸。庾阐诗。繁星如散锦。李时珍曰。虎掌因叶形似之。非根也。南星因根圆
白。形如老人星状。故名由跋。是南星之新根。其气未足。不堪服食。梁萧赋。才菲而体孱
。
味苦平。主蛊毒邪气。鬼注诸毒。破症瘕积聚。去水。下三虫。生山谷。
乌鸢于止。挟势如飞。碧分尾断。黄裹头垂。殖区修短。壤异硗肥。纷敷花色。强利从
违。
吴普曰。一名乌鸢。大学。于止知其所止。诗。如飞如翰。苏恭曰。阔短不抽长茎。花
紫碧
色。根皮黄。肉白。左传。雄鸡自断其尾。韩保升曰。草名鸢尾。根名鸢头。李时珍曰。此
即射干之苗。非别种也。肥地者。茎长根粗。瘠地者。茎短根瘦。其花自有数色。诸家皆是
强分耳。
味苦寒。主下瘀血闭。寒热。破症瘕积聚。留饮宿食。荡涤肠胃。推陈致新。通利水谷
道。调中化食。安利五脏。生山谷。
色美黄良。西羌东蜀。牛舌伸舒。羊蹄踯躅。斑紧波旋。紫铺锦缛。剑戟中心。顽坚凌
触。
李时珍曰。一名黄良。苏恭曰。西羌蜀地者佳。白居易诗。东蜀殊欢渥。苏颂曰。作紧
片如
牛舌形。苏恭曰。根红者。似宿羊蹄。雷 论。凡使细切。以文如水旋斑。紧重者良。益部
方物略记。紫地锦文为最。范成大诗。中有将军剑戟心。云笈七签遇物凌触。
Bitter, warm in nature. Primarily treats heart pain, alternating chills and fever (Hanre), qi stagnation forming masses, accumulations (Jiju), and Fu Liang disease. It relaxes tendons and collaterals, treating tendon spasms or flaccidity, and promotes the flow of water passages. Grows in mountain valleys. (Currently known as Tian Nan Xing / Arisaema Rhizome)
It sprouts like Typha growing on the ground, initially appearing as a toxic herb. The inflorescence stands erect like a snake's head, while the slender stalks extend like a rat's tail. The leaves are round and spread out like an open palm, with flowers dense and shining like starlight. It grows from new rhizomes, possessing a weak constitution and meager substance. Xie Lingyun's fu mentions: "The scattered leaves belong to the Typha family." The *Guoyu* states: "Adverse nodes begin to sprout." Liu Zongyuan's record mentions: "Beautiful flowers that are actually poisonous herbs." Su Song says: "When first sprouting, the flower spike rises straight up like a rat's tail; the flowers resemble a snake's head; the seeds fall naturally and scatter on the ground; one seed produces one tuber cluster." Su Gong says: "The root resembles a flat persimmon, with round teeth-like projections on all sides, looking like a tiger's paw." Fu Xian's memorial mentions: "Majesty is thereby extended." Yu Chan's poem writes: "Stars scattered like brocade." Li Shizhen says: "Huzhang (Tiger Palm) is named for its leaf shape resembling a tiger's palm, not the root. Tian Nan Xing is named 'Youba' because its root is round and white, resembling the star of an old man. This is the new root of Nan Xing; its medicinal qi is not yet sufficient and is unsuitable for consumption." The *Fu* by Xiao of Liang mentions: "Meager in talent and frail in body."
Bitter, neutral in nature. Primarily treats gu poison (蛊毒), pathogenic factors, Gui Zhu (a type of infectious disease), and various toxins. It breaks up zheng jia (masses and accumulations), eliminates water retention, and expels three types of parasites. Grows in mountain valleys.
The crow rests at its stopping place, flying with force. Its green tail is severed, its yellow head hangs low. Its growth area varies in length, and the soil differs between barren and fertile. The flower colors are diverse, and its efficacy depends on whether it conforms to the environment.
Wu Pu says: Also known as Wu Yuan (Black Kite). The *Da Xue* states: "The crow knows where it should rest." The *Shi Jing* states: "Swift as flight." Su Gong says: "Leaves are broad and short, without long stems. Flowers are purple-green, root skin is yellow, flesh is white." The *Zuo Zhuan* mentions: "A rooster cuts off its own tail." Han Baosheng says: "The grass is called Yuan Wei (Iris), and the root is called Yuan Tou." Li Shizhen says: "This is the seedling of She Gan (Belamcanda Rhizome), not a separate species. Those grown in fertile land have long stems and thick roots; those in barren land have short stems and thin roots. Its flowers naturally come in several colors; previous scholars forced distinctions unnecessarily."
Bitter, cold in nature. Primarily treats lower jiao blood stasis obstruction and alternating chills and fever. It breaks up zheng jia (masses and accumulations), clears retained fluid and undigested food, purges the stomach and intestines, pushes out the old to bring forth the new, unblocks the passage of water and grain, harmonizes the middle jiao, aids digestion, and benefits the five zang organs. Grows in mountain valleys.
The color is beautiful and bright yellow, originating from Western Qiang and Eastern Shu regions. Leaves stretch like ox tongues, lingering like sheep's hooves. The texture is tight with swirling patterns, purple spreading like rich brocade. The center is hard like swords and halberds, tough and resistant to touch.
Li Shizhen says: Also known as Huang Liang. Su Gong says: Those from Western Qiang and Shu are best. Bai Juyi's poem states: "Eastern Shu is particularly abundant." Su Song says: "Cut into tight slices resembling ox tongue shapes." Su Gong says: "Red roots resemble perennial sheep's hooves." Lei Xiao's treatise states: "When used, slice finely; those with water-wave swirl patterns and heavy, tight texture are superior." The *Yibu Fangwu Lueji* states: "Purple ground-patterned ones are the finest." Fan Chengda's poem states: "Within lies the heart of a general's sword and halberd." The *Yunji Qiqian* mentions: "Encountering things leads to associative insight."