味甘寒。主湿痹。面目浮肿。下大水。一名 鱼。生池泽。（初学记引作鳢）
称水厌。礼斗灵嘉。疏经误鲩。具性通蛇。七星首戴。双砺形差。附生鳗子。聚沫吹
沙。
李时珍曰。道家指为水厌。斋 所忌。夜朝北斗。有自然之礼。故为之鳢。宋送神歌。
灵有
嘉兮。尔雅疏。鳢鲩并列训鳢。一名鲩非。陶弘景曰。言是公蛎蛇所化。犹通蛇性。尔雅翼
。首有七点作北斗之状。水经注。林邑范文为奴时。于涧水得两鳢。挟归托云蛎石。郎至鱼
前。见是两石。埤雅。鳗子附鳢而生。李夷亮赋。聚沫纡徐。尔雅疏。鲨 鱼狭而小。张口
吹沙。
味苦寒。主目热赤痛。青盲明目。久服强悍。益志气。生池泽。
三十六鳞。披胆加志。弗共冰栖。非调饴味。熊可和丸。獭亦分器。苦口功同。悬珠目
治。
苏颂曰。胁鳞一道无大小。皆三十六鳞。汉书传。路温舒披大胆。新书 俯而加志。晋
书纪
。武帝衔胆栖冰。李 歌。尝胆不苦味若饴。唐书传。柳仲郢母。和熊胆丸使夜咀咽。说文
。獭胆分卮。史记世家。毒药苦口利于病。汉书传。东方朔目若悬珠。谷梁传。六 先数聚
辞也。目治也。李时珍曰。熊胆明目去翳。苏颂曰。獭胆主治目翳。视物不明。
味甘平。主补中养神。益气力。除百疾。久服轻身耐老。不饥延年。一名水芝丹。
生池泽。
冰丝玉节。蛰卧川阿。红裳独立。翠扇交摩。中藏鱼目。仰露蜂窠。水羞相辈。痊起沉
。
于慎行诗。冰丝欲断鲛人缕。陶弼诗。谁将玉节栽。冯璧诗。蛰卧时奋迅。王勃赋。誓
毕赏
于川阿。李纲赋。红裳影斜。韩 诗。香囊独立红。许浑诗。烟开翠扇清风晓。京房易传。
相摩而鸣。高启联句。鱼目微光皎。张楫诗。飞尽黄蜂露蜜房。刘孝威启。凡厥水羞。莫敢
相辈。谢 诗。已觉沉 痊。
The flavor is sweet, and the nature is cold. It primarily treats damp-bi (a syndrome caused by pathogenic dampness obstructing the meridians, characterized by pain and numbness in the limbs). It addresses edema of the face and eyes. It promotes urination to drain excessive water from the body. Also known as Lì fish. It grows in ponds and marshes. (Cited in *Chuxue Ji* as "Lǐ")
It is referred to as a water-suppressing object (an apotropaic item used to control water spirits). It possesses spiritual efficacy and auspiciousness in rituals honoring the Big Dipper. When unblocking the meridians, it is mistakenly confused with Huàn fish. Its nature allows it to connect with that of snakes. The head bears seven star-like spots. Its shape differs slightly from that of double whetstones. It grows attached to eels. It gathers foam and moves slowly.
Li Shizhen stated: The Daoist school refers to it as a water-suppressing object, which is taboo during fasting rituals. At night, it faces the Big Dipper for worship, adhering to natural rites; hence it is called "Lǐ". In the Song Dynasty's song for sending off deities, it says: "The spirit is auspicious." *Erya Shu* lists Lǐ and Huàn together, defining them as Lǐ; calling it Huàn is incorrect. Tao Hongjing stated: It is said to be transformed from a male Li snake, thus retaining the nature of snakes. *Erya Yi* records: The head has seven dots resembling the Big Dipper. *Shui Jing Zhu* records: When Fan Wen was a slave in Linyi, he found two Lǐ fish in a stream, carried them back claiming they were Li stones, but when the master approached, he saw they were just two stones. *Pi Ya* records: Eels grow attached to Lǐ. Li Yiliang's fu mentions: Gathering foam, moving leisurely. *Erya Shu* records: Sharks are narrow and small, opening their mouths to blow sand.
The flavor is bitter, and the nature is cold. It primarily treats red, hot, and painful eyes. It treats Qingmang (blindness or severe visual impairment) and improves vision. Long-term consumption makes the body strong and vigorous, enhancing willpower and Qi. It grows in ponds and marshes.
It is covered with thirty-six scales. Opening the gallbladder enhances willpower. It does not dwell with ice. Its taste is not like sweetened malt syrup. Bear bile can be mixed into pills. Otter gallbladder can also be shared in vessels. Though bitter to the mouth, its efficacy is similar. Suspended pearls (metaphor for clear eyes) treat eye conditions.
Su Song stated: There is only one row of scales on the flanks, regardless of size, totaling thirty-six scales. *Han Shu Zhuan* records: Lu Wenshu wore a large bear gall. *Xin Shu* records: Bowing down to strengthen his will. *Jin Shu Ji* records: Emperor Wu held gall in his mouth and slept on ice. Li Qiao's song sang: Tasting gall does not feel bitter, tasting like malt syrup. *Tang Shu Zhuan* records: The mother of Liu Zhongying made bear gall pills for him to chew and swallow at night. *Shuo Wen Jie Zi* records: Otter gall divided into cups. *Shi Ji Shi Jia* records: Poisonous medicine is bitter to the mouth but beneficial to the illness. *Han Shu Zhuan* records: Dongfang Shuo's eyes were like suspended pearls. *Guliang Zhuan* records: "Six" refers to gathering words first; "Mu" (eye) refers to governance. Li Shizhen stated: Bear bile brightens the eyes and removes nebulae. Su Song stated: Otter gall treats eye nebulae and unclear vision.
The flavor is sweet, and the nature is neutral. It primarily tonifies the Middle Jiao, nourishes the Shen (Spirit), benefits Qi and strength. It eliminates various diseases. Long-term consumption makes the body light, resists aging, prevents hunger, and prolongs life. Also known as Shui Zhi Dan (Water Lotus Pill). It grows in ponds and marshes.
White as ice silk, distinct as jade joints. Hibernating in river banks. Standing alone in red robes. Green fans rubbing against each other. Hiding fish-eye seeds inside. Exposing honeycomb structures upwards. Aquatic delicacies compare with each other. Healing deep-seated ailments.
Yu Shenxing's poem writes: Ice silk about to break, like the threads of the mermaid. Tao Bi's poem asks: Who planted the jade joints? Feng Bi's poem writes: Rousing swiftly during hibernation. Wang Bo's fu writes: Vowing to complete appreciation in the river banks. Li Gang's fu writes: Red robes casting slanting shadows. Han Wo's poem writes: Fragrant pouch standing alone, red and bright. Xu Hun's poem writes: Smoke clearing, green fans bringing morning breeze. Jing Fang's *Yi Zhuan* records: Rubbing against each other and singing. Gao Qi's linked verse writes: Fish eyes shining with faint light. Zhang Ji's poem writes: Yellow bees have flown away, revealing honeycombs. Liu Xiaowei's qi states: All aquatic delicacies dare not compare. Xie Tiao's poem writes: Already feeling the cure for deep-seated ailments.